Çoruh Nehri’ndeki ağır metal kirliliğinin değerlendirilmesi

In this study, the pollution assessment of the water, total suspended solids, and sediment samples collected from the Çoruh River was carried out. For this purpose; aluminium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead were measured in these samples. The water and sediment quality indices were used for the evaluation of the obtained data. When water quality index values were evaluated, it was determined that the river was in the poor water quality class. According to enrichment factor, the Çoruh River sediments in this study are classified as deficiency to minimal enrichment for chromium and nickel, as moderate enrichment for manganese, iron, and cobalt, as significant enrichment for copper and zinc, as very high enrichment for cadmium and lead. Pollution loading index results also showed that the sediment quality deteriorated and it had a high metal load. It suggests that the reason for these pollution factors in the sediment is due to the mining activities in the region. As a result, it was determined that the water and sediment quality of the Çoruh River should be monitored with a regular monitoring program.Bu çalışmada Çoruh Nehri'nden toplanan su, askıda katı madde ve sediment örneklerinin kirlilik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu amaç için toplanan numunelerde alüminyum, krom, manganez, demir, kobalt, nikel, bakır, çinko, kadmiyum ve kurşun konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde su ve sediment kalite indeksleri kullanılmıştır. Su kalitesi indeks değerleri incelendiğinde nehrin kötü su kalitesi sınıfında olduğu belirlendi. Sediment zenginleştirme faktörüne göre krom ve nikel açısından düşük düzeyde zenginleşme, manganez, demir ve kobalt için değiştirilebilir derecede zenginleşme, bakır ve çinko için önemli derecede zenginleşme, kadmiyum ve kurşun için çok yüksek düzey zenginleşmeye tespit edilmiştir. Kirlilik yükleme indeksi sonuçları da sediment kalitesinin bozulduğunu ve yüksek metal yüküne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sedimentteki bu kirlilik faktörlerinin nedeninin bölgedeki madencilik faaliyetlerinden kaynaklandığını düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Çoruh Nehri'nin su ve sediment kalitesinin düzenli bir izleme programı ile izlenmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir

Türkiye'nin karadeniz kıyılarında yakalanan sarda sarda'da (bloch, 1793) ağır metal konsantrasyonları ve sağlık riski değerlendirmesi

In this study, it was aimed to determine heavy metal levels in muscle tissues of Atlantic bonito samples caught in the Eastern Black Sea Region and to determine their potential to pose a risk to human health. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Al have been measured in the edible muscle of Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) from the Trabzon and Rize coasts of the southern Black Sea from September 2020 to December 2020. Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni were not detected in the edible part of S. sarda in both coastal areas. These concentrations are lower than the maximum permissible values in European and Turkish regulations. The average weekly intake of heavy metals per body weight value not exceeded the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) established. Therefore, it may be concluded that these ten metals should not pose any health threat to the consumers resulting from the consumption of S. sarda.Bu çalışmada, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde yakalanan palamut örneklerinin kas dokularındaki ağır metal seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve insan sağlığı açısından risk oluşturma potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Karadeniz'in Trabzon ve Rize kıyılarında avlanan palamutun (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) yenilebilir kaslarında Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn ve Al konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Eylül 2020'den Aralık 2020'ye kadar deniz. Her iki kıyı bölgesinde de S. sarda'nın yenilebilir kısmında Cd, Cr, Co ve Ni tespit edilmedi. Bu konsantrasyonlar, Avrupa ve Türkiye yönetmeliklerinde izin verilen maksimum değerlerden daha düşüktür. Vücut ağırlığı değerleri başına haftalık ortalama ağır metal alımı, belirlenen Geçici Tolere Edilebilir Haftalık Alım (PTWI) değerini aşmadı. Bu nedenle, S. sarda tüketiminden kaynaklanan bu 6 metalin tüketiciler için herhangi bir sağlık tehdidi oluşturmaması gerektiği sonucuna varılabilir

Karadeniz'de yakalanan İstavritte (Trachurus mediterraneus) mikroplastik birikiminin belirlenmesi

The marine ecosystem is prone to pollution exposure due to a number of factors. Microplastic (MP) pollution has been a severe issue recently; however, studies on marine organisms are limited. The abundance and composition of MPs in highly consumed horse mackerel caught from the Turkish coast of the Black Sea were investigated here. A total of 27 MPs were detected in 121 horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus). The mean of MPs per fish was calculated as 0.22±0.14. While polyethylene was the most prevalent type, fiber, with a length range of 500 to 1000 µm (33%), was the most common form. These findings suggest that more study is required to determine the magnitude of MP contamination in the Black Sea.Denizel ortamlar, özellikle nehirlerin taşımış olduğu kirleticilere maruz kalan hassas alanlardır. Son yıllarda mikroplastik kirliliği güncel bir konu olmasına rağmen denizel organizmalar üzerine yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada Karadeniz’in Türkiye kıyılarından avlanan ve yüksek oranda tüketilen istavritteki mikroplastiklerin bolluğu ve kompozisyonu araştırıldı. Analiz edilen 121 adet istavritte toplam 27 adet mikroplastik tespit edildi. Sindirilen mikroplastiklerin balık başına ortalaması 0,22±0,14 adet olarak hesaplandı. Belirlenen mikroplastiklerde en baskın şekil olarak fiber (%66) iken, boy olarak ise 500-1000 µm (%33) arasında dağılım gösterdiği saptandı. Bu sonuçlar, Karadeniz’deki MP kontaminasyonunun boyutunu değerlendirmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedi

Distribution and sources of particulate organic matter from the anthropogenically disturbed Iyidere River to the Black Sea coast

Understanding the biogeochemical processes of particulate organic matter occurring in the river under anthropogenic disturbances and its transport to the coastal system is important for environmental resource management. In this study, we investigated the sources and distribution of particulate organic matter (POM) from the upper reaches of the Iyidere River, Türkiye, to the coastal water of the Black Sea during the fall and spring seasons using the elemental (POC and PON (%), C/N), isotopic (δ13C and δ15N), and Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) analysis. The POC (%), PON (%), and C/N of POM varied seasonally, indicating that the composition of POM varied with river hydrology, which varies depending on the climate of the region. Both the mixing model and the isotopic and elemental ratios of POM have revealed that the organic matter sources contributing to the riverine of POM, during the fall season, when the precipitation is severe, exhibited a uniform distribution. Heavy rain increased soil erosion along the high-slope land, and as a result, soil and bacteria were identified as the main contributor of POM along the Iyidere River. The results showed that the organic matter sources contributing to POM in the spring season showed significant spatial variation. Terrestrial vegetation, soil OM, and bacteria were the main contributors of POM depending on sites, and these contributions did not show a regular trend along the river. δ15N of POM had significant spatial variation in both seasons that was likely caused by nitrogen inputs derived from anthropogenic activities along the river. The anthropogenic activities and cascade dams causing variations in the contribution of organic matter to the POM are the likely important driving factors in this river-coastal system

Determination of the trace elements levels of some streams and terrestrial input into Black Sea with stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the Eastern Black Sea catchment

Bu araştırmada Doğu Karadeniz Havzası akarsularının fiziko-kimyasal su kalitesi, suda, askıda katı maddede ve sedimentte eser element düzeyleri ile Fırtına Deresi'nin Karadeniz'e taşımış olduğu karasal girdilerinin duraylı karbon ve azot izotop yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İncelenen 8 akarsuyun yıllık ortalama su sıcaklığı 14,22±0,53 °C, pH'sı 7,62±0,06, elektriksel iletkenlik değeri 158,63±8,84 µS/cm, çözünmüş oksijeni 10,38±0,13 mg/L ve askıda katı madde miktarı 68,36 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca NO2-N 0,016±0,005 mg/L, NO3-N 0,340±0,026 mg/L, o-PO4-P 0,388±0,06 mg/L ve SO4 10,46±0,95 mg/L olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunların yanında Doğu Karadeniz Havzasında örneklemesi yapılan akarsuların suyunda, sedimentinde ve askıda katı maddesinde incelenen eser elementlerde mevsimsel değişimler olmasına rağmen önemli bir ağır metal kirliliğiyle karşılaşılmamıştır. Fırtına Deresinin denizel ortama karasal girdilerinin hangi oranlarda olduğuna yönelik yapılan çalışmada, duraylı karbon ve azot izotopik işaretleri Nisan ayında karasal sedimentin denizel sedimente katkısı ortalama % 47 iken denizel POM'a karasal POM'un katkısı % 53 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ekim ayında ise denizel sedimente; karasal sediment % 32, karasal POM % 32 ve denizel POM ise % 36 oranında katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. In this study, physico-chemical water quality parameters of the streams and trace element concentration in water, suspended solid matter and sediment of some streams in Eastern Black Sea Catchment were determined. Also, terrestrial input carried into Black Sea by Fırtına Stream was identified using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. The annual means of parameters for all streams featured in this study were 14.22 °C, 7.62, 158.63 µS/cm, 10.38 mg/L for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen, respectively. On the other hand, the amount of suspended solid matter (SSM) was 68.36 mg/L, NO2- N was 0.016 mg/L, NO3-N was 0.340 mg/L, o-PO4-P levels were 0.388 mg/L, and the level of SO4 concentration was 10.46 mg/L. In addition, there was no significant heavy metal pollution measured in the sampled streams of Black Sea Catchment despite the seasonal changes in water, sediment and SSM. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopical signiture showed that terrestrial contribution to the marine sediment was % 53 in April, 32 % in October

Seasonal variation of trace elements and stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) values of commercial marine fish from the black sea and human health risk assessment

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, to determine the levels of metals (aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc), and to assess the health risks associated with consumption of the most consumed pelagic and demersal fish species in Turkey. Trachurus mediterraneus, Mullus barbatus, and Merlangius merlangus were seasonally caught from the Eastern Black Sea in 2020. Concentrations of heavy metals in fish muscle tissues were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy whereas stable isotope analysis was performed using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. The detected levels of metals studied in all fish species except lead were below the determined limits of national and international standards. In addition, the carcinogenic risk index was considered significant in all fish species. Considering the principal components analysis results, Cu and Pb may have originated from similar sources. No significant difference in metal content and stable isotope rates was observed between different species of fish. Also, target hazard quotient values were found below 1 in all species, which means that the consumption of the studied fish species does not pose a health risk

Heavy metal concentrations in the edible tissues of some commercial fishes caught along the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey and the health risk assessment

Concentrations of some metals were determined in muscle tissue of five marine fish species (Engraulis encrasicolus, Sarda sarda, Mullus barbatus, Trachurus mediterraneus, and Merlangius merlangus) caught from the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey in 2017. Heavy metals were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry after the muscle tissues of fish were digested by acids. The metal accumulation differences between species were investigated statistically. The levels of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc in the muscles of fish were 3.27, 0.12, 0.27, 2.04, 9.97, 1.00, 0.95, and 10.65 mu g/g, respectively. The highest levels of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, and manganese were detected in E. encrasicolus; the highest levels of lead and zinc were accumulated in T. mediterraneus and the highest concentration of iron and copper was found in S. sarda. The average lead concentration values were found to be above the limit values determined by national and international standards due to anthropogenic inputs such as mining activities and agricultural wastes. In addition, potential risks associated with human consumption were evaluated using quality indices such as estimated daily intake and target hazard ratio. According to these indexes, a potential risk in terms of human health has not been identified due to consuming fish tissues

THE WATER QUALITY OF STREAMS FLOWING INTO SOUTH EASTERN BLACK SEA COASTS IN TERMS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

WOS: 000436522400067The purpose of this study is to determine the physico-chemical properties (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, suspended solid, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate and sulphate) within the water quality of 8 different streams flowing into the South eastern Black Sea coast. the water samples were collected monthly from April 2016 to March 2017 at a specified point at which the Melet, Aksu, Degirmendere, iyidere, Salarha, Buyiikdere, Firtma and Hopa streams flow into the sea. the physical parameters of the water samples were measured using a portable multi water quality meter (HQ40D), and analysed the chemical parameters using a spectrophotometer (HACH-LANGE-DR3900). the Gravimetric method was used to obtain suspended solids matter (SPM). the analysis results were compared with national and international quality standards and regulations for drinking as well as non-drinkable water. the annual means of parameters for all streams featured in this study were 14.22 +/- 0.525 (4-26.1) degrees C in terms of temperature, 7.62 +/- 0.059(6.1-9.1) in terms of pH, 158.63 +/- 8.837 (40-420) S/cm in terms of electrical conductivity, and 10.38 +/- 0.132 (7.29-14.63) mg/L in terms of dissolved oxygen. on the other hand, the amount of suspended solid matter (SPM) was 68.36 +/- 8.791 (0.3-604.1) mg/L, nitrite nitrogen was 0.016 +/- 0.005 (0.001-0.53) mg NO2N/L, nitrate nitrogen was 0.340 +/- 0.026 (0-1.5) mg NO3-N/L, orthophosphate phosphorus levels were 0.388 +/- 0.064 (0.02-4.29) mg o-PO4-P/L, and the level of sulphate concentration was 10.458 +/- 0.949 (0-48) mg SO4/L. When the findings are evaluated according to national and international standards, all of the streams have a Class I water quality standard according to other parameters with the exception of orthophosphate phosphorus. For orthophosphate phosphorus levels, the Degirmendere and iyidere streams were determined to be Class IV, whilst the remaining streams were determined to be Class II in terms of water quality.Research Fund of Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityRecep Tayyip Erdogan University [FDK-2016-623]This work supported by Research Fund of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University (Project No: FDK-2016-623). on the other hand, this study was carried out using a part of the first author's PhD thesis