The Relation among retail price main of consumption center of fruit and vegetables and Region of Mediterranean (Turkey) : Test of Market Integration

Spatial price differentials for selected fresh fruits and vegetables, among six cities of Turkey, namely, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, important production centers, and İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, main consumption centers, were investigated. The relations among retail prices of different cities were analyzed using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) models for each product. The existence or not, and the level of integration -in the affirmative case- among city markets regarding each product were tried to be analyzed using Ravallion’s dynamic analysis method of the market integration. Monthly data used are the retailer price series from 1994 to 2004, obtained from DIE for each of the cities. Retail prices of lemons, lettuce and tomatoes are considered as representative of fresh fruits and vegetables market. Results of the VAR model for lemons market revealed that Adana was the leader market, and that the prices of the other cities were dependent on those of the leader. The highlighted leader position of Adana in this market permitted the dynamic analysis method of market integration suggested by Ravallion to be applied in the lemons market. As the result, long-run market integration with Adana for three out of five local markets was detected. In the lettuce market, on the other hand, the VAR model suggested the retail prices in each city to behave fairly independently from each other. Regarding tomato prices, even though virtual influence of Antalya on other cities was identified examining the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decomposition obtained from the VAR model, Adana and Mersin were also observed to have their respective regions of impact. The level of leadership assigned to Antalya in tomatoes market was not highlighted enough for dynamic analysis of integration.Var model, Market Integration, Fruit and vegetables, Retail Price, Region of Mediterranean

Tragopogon oligolepis’ın fitokimyasal içeriği, antioksidan ve antiquorum sensing özelliğinin belirlenmesi

Objective: In this study it was aimed to examine antiquorum sensing, antioxidant activities by using root and aerial parts extracts of Tragopogon oligolepis. Also phenolic content was detected using HPLC analysis. Material-Method: Antioxidant activity was detected by DPPH, FRAP methods and phenolic content HPLC. Antiquorum sensing activity was investigated by using pyocyanin and swarming motility assay on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Results: Phytochemical profile findings showed that 12 components were detected in the root and 10 components in the aerial parts. The main components were found chlorogenic acid and o-coumaric acid. According to the obtained of antioxidant levels the aerial parts extracts of T. oligolepis had the best antioxidant property in our results. The amount of DPPH (0.60 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and phenolic content (6.55±0.18 mg GAE/g sample) was determined to be high in the aerial parts. In the FRAP analysis, high reducing power was found in the roots (12.62±0.36 μmol FeSO4/g sample). According to these results, although T. oligolepis extracts do not reach very high amounts in terms of antioxidant results, it is thought to be a plant that can be evaluated in terms of removing oxidant effects. The results of antiquorum sensing activity showed that both root and aerial parts extract showed strong inhibitory effect on swarming motility 62%, %65 rate respectively. Conclusions: Tragopogon oligolepis, an endemic species, can be evaluated as an antiquorum sensing inhibitor candidate with its phytochemical contents.Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Tragopogon oligolepis'in kök ve toprak üstü kısım ekstraktları kullanılarak antiquorum sensing ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca HPLC analizi kullanılarak fenolik içerik tespit edilmiştir. Gereç Yöntem: Antioksidan aktivite DPPH, FRAP yöntemleri ve fenolik içerik HPLC ile tespit edildi. Çevreyi algılama aktivitesi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 üzerinde piyosiyanin ve kayma hareketi testi kullanılarak araştırıldı. Bulgular: Fitokimyasal profil bulguları, kökte 12 bileşen ve toprak üstü kısımlarda 10 bileşen tespit edildiğini göstermiştir. Ana bileşenler klorojenik asit ve o-kumarik asit olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen antioksidan seviyelerine göre, sonuçlarımızda en iyi antioksidan özelliği T. oligolepis'in toprak üstü kısımları ekstreleri göstermiştir. Toprak üstü kısımlarda DPPH (0.60 ± 0.01 mg/mL) ve fenolik içerik (6.55±0.18 mg GAE/g numune) miktarının yüksek olduğu belirlendi. FRAP analizinde köklerde yüksek indirgeme tespit edildi (12.62±0.36 μmol FeSO4/g numune). Antiquorum sensing sonuçlarına göre ise kök ve toprak üstü ektraktları kayma hareketi üzerine %62 ve %65 oranında güçlü inhibisyon etki göstermiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde endemik bir tür olan T. oligolepis, fitokimyasal içeriği ile antiquorum sensing inhibitör adayı olarak değerlendirilebilir

Akdeniz Bölgesi ve Başlıca Tüketim Merkezlerinde Yaş Meyve ve Sebze Perakende Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Pazar Entegrasyonunun Testi

Spatial price differentials for selected fresh fruits and vegetables, among six cities of Turkey, namely, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, important production centers, and İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, main consumption centers, were investigated. The relations among retail prices of different cities were analyzed using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) models for each product. The existence or not, and the level of integration -in the affirmative case- among city markets regarding each product were tried to be analyzed using Ravallion’s dynamic analysis method of the market integration. Monthly data used are the retailer price series from 1994 to 2004, obtained from DIE for each of the cities. Retail prices of lemons, lettuce and tomatoes are considered as representative of fresh fruits and vegetables market. Results of the VAR model for lemons market revealed that Adana was the leader market, and that the prices of the other cities were dependent on those of the leader. The highlighted leader position of Adana in this market permitted the dynamic analysis method of market integration suggested by Ravallion to be applied in the lemons market. As the result, long-run market integration with Adana for three out of five local markets was detected. In the lettuce market, on the other hand, the VAR model suggested the retail prices in each city to behave fairly independently from each other. Regarding tomato prices, even though virtual influence of Antalya on other cities was identified examining the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decomposition obtained from the VAR model, Adana and Mersin were also observed to have their respective regions of impact. The level of leadership assigned to Antalya in tomatoes market was not highlighted enough for dynamic analysis of integration

Akdeniz Bölgesi ve Başlıca Tüketim Merkezlerinde Yaş Meyve ve Sebze Perakende Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Pazar Entegrasyonunun Testi

Spatial price differentials for selected fresh fruits and vegetables, among six cities of Turkey, namely, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, important production centers, and İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, main consumption centers, were investigated. The relations among retail prices of different cities were analyzed using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) models for each product. The existence or not, and the level of integration -in the affirmative case- among city markets regarding each product were tried to be analyzed using Ravallion’s dynamic analysis method of the market integration. Monthly data used are the retailer price series from 1994 to 2004, obtained from DIE for each of the cities. Retail prices of lemons, lettuce and tomatoes are considered as representative of fresh fruits and vegetables market. Results of the VAR model for lemons market revealed that Adana was the leader market, and that the prices of the other cities were dependent on those of the leader. The highlighted leader position of Adana in this market permitted the dynamic analysis method of market integration suggested by Ravallion to be applied in the lemons market. As the result, long-run market integration with Adana for three out of five local markets was detected. In the lettuce market, on the other hand, the VAR model suggested the retail prices in each city to behave fairly independently from each other. Regarding tomato prices, even though virtual influence of Antalya on other cities was identified examining the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decomposition obtained from the VAR model, Adana and Mersin were also observed to have their respective regions of impact. The level of leadership assigned to Antalya in tomatoes market was not highlighted enough for dynamic analysis of integration

Yatırım ve Finansman Kararlarının Piyasa Değerine Etkisi The Impact of Investment and Financing Decisions on Market Value in Turkey

Yatırım ve finansman kararlarının etkinliği, sermaye maliyetinin düşürülmesi ve bunun sonucunda piyasa değerinin maksimize edilmesinde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, firmaların finansal performanslarını arttırarak, sürdürebilir rekabet avantajlarını koruma istekleri yatırım ile finansman kararlarının ve ilgili göstergelerin piyasa değeri üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasını önemli ve gerekli kılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yatırım ve finansman kararlarının piyasa değerine etkisini analiz ederek, ilgili kararların piyasa değerini hangi yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, çalışmada 2010-2014 yılları arasında verilerine düzenli olarak ulaşılabilen halka açık 274 reel sektör firması alınmış ve panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, yatırım kararlarını verimlilik düzeyinde açıklayan değişkenlerden maddi duran varlık devir hızı ve yeniden yatırım oranı ile karlılık düzeyinde açıklayan aktif karlılık oranı değişkenlerinin firmaların piyasa değeri üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Yatırım kararlarını, verimlilik düzeyinde açıklayan borç ve aktif devir hızı oranlarının piyasa değerini negatif etkilediği, alacak ve stok devir hızının ise piyasa değerine etki etmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, finansman kararlarını temsil eden sermaye yapısı ve likidite düzeyinin ise ilgili dönemde firmaların piyasa değeri üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. The effectiveness of investment and financing decisions has a decisive role in lowering the cost of capital and, ultimately in maximizing market value. It is significant and necessary to explore the impact of investing, financing decisions and relevant indicators on market value with considering firms' financial performance and protecting their sustainable competitive advantage. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of investing and financing decisions on the market value and to determine in which direction these relevant decisions affect the market value. For this purpose, 274 real public sector firms, which are regularly accessible during 2010-2014 have been selected and panel data analysis have been utilized. Findings state that asset turnover rate, the rate of reinvestment variable which explain the investment decisions at the level of productivity, and the return on assets have a positive effect on the market value of the firms. Furthermore, debt turnover rate and the asset turnover rate which explain the investment decisions at the level of productivity negatively affect the market value, while the receivables turnover and stock turnover ratios have no effect. Additionally, capital structure and liquidity level representing financing decisions have been found no significant effect on the market value

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: Risk factors, laboratory and bronchoalveolar lavage findings, radiological and histopathological examination, clinical features, treatment and prognosis

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia is a type of smoking-associated major idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterized by accumulation of alveolar macrophages in alveolar lumens and septa and develops secondary to mainly active or passive exposure to cigarette smoke. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia mostly occurs in male smokers in association with non-specific symptoms responsive to steroid therapy and has a better prognosis than usual interstitial pneumonia. To date, no large-scale clinical studies have been performed on desquamative interstitial pneumonia patients. Factors responsible for the scarcity of data on the clinical course of this condition include the retrospective nature of the available information as well as its rare occurrence. Despite this, a general consensus exists as to the nature of its symptoms, association with smoking, age and gender distribution, findings of respiratory function tests, steroid responsivity and mortality. The objective of the present review article was to report on desquamative interstitial pneumonia and to describe its etiology, risk factors and clinical features, as well as the laboratory, bronchoalveolar lavage, radiological and histopathological findings, and the treatment and prognosis of affected patients

Carotid intima‐media thickness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and survival: a multicenter prospective study

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated withincreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) is a noninvasive method assessing atherosclerosis.Objective: It was aimed to determine relationship and survival between COPD andCIMT.Methods: CIMT was measured using Doppler ultrasound (USG) in 668 stable COPDpatients at 24 centers. Patients were followed-up for 2 years.Results: There were 610 patients who completed the study. There were 200 patientsCIMT with 0.05).Conclusion: This study is the first regarding CIMT with combined GOLD assessmentgroups. It has revealed important findings supporting the increase in atherosclerosisrisk in COPD patients. We recommend Doppler USG of the carotid artery inCOPD patients at severe stages

Chemogenetic inhibition of MCH neurons does not alter memory performance in mice

Memory storage in the brain is one of the most extensively studied subjects in neuroscience. However, due to the highly complex structure of the memory-related systems in the brain, the mystery remains unsolved. Consolidation is one of the most important parts of the memory process, and one that can be affected by numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neuronal activity has been of particular interest to researchers in terms of the association between sleep, neurodegenerative diseases, and memory consolidation. We used Pmch-Cre animals to investigate the role of MCH neuronal activity in memory consolidation. In order to observe the differences in memory consolidation, we chemogenetically inhibited MCH neurons using the DREADD method and measured hippocampus-dependent memory performance with a novel object recognition test applicable to early memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Our results revealed no significant improvement or worsening with MCH inhibition, suggesting that the role of MCH should now be evaluated in a wider setting

Two Infant Cases Admitted with Atypical Presentation and Diagnosed as Type IV Hiatal Hernia

Type IV paraesophageal hiatal hernias are diaphragmatic hernias that are extremely rare in the pediatric age group in which the stomach and other intra-abdominal organs herniate from the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the mediastinum. Since the defect in the hiatus is large, serious complications such as gastric volvulus may develop in these giant hernias as a result of the passage of a large part of the stomach into the thoracic cavity. Patients may present with atypical clinical manifestations such as growth retardation, not gaining weight, and recurrent pulmonary infections. In this report, two cases in the pediatric age group who were admitted with different clinical course and were diagnosed as type IV paraesophageal hiatal hernia who were successfully treated with surgical intervention are presented

Başkent Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi işletme öğrencileri için açılan İngiizce-Türkçe çeviri dersine yönelik bir ihtiyaç analizi çalışması.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the needs of the third year Management students of the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences at Baskent University with regard to the English-Turkish Translation Course through the perceptions of the students; course instructors including the course designer; graduates who took the course; subject-area instructors of the Department of Management; and the professionals practicing in different fields of management and business administration. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were extended to the course designer and the instructors who teach the course for the improvement of the course. The data collection instruments used for the study were a Needs Analysis Questionnaire administered to fifty-three students and structured interviews conducted with the six course instructors, sixteen departmental instructors, ten graduates and ten professionals. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by using Cronbach Alpha test and all the instruments were pilot-tested. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered which were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies). The study brought into light the fact that translation particularly from English into Turkish was perceived to be a very important skill primarily in students̕ departmental studies most of which they do in Turkish and for which they do most of their field-specific readings in English, which renders transfer from the foreign language into the native language indispensable. Perceptions of the participants also revealed that the translation course, in addition to improving the translation skill, raised competence in the foreign language, primarily in terms of enhancing knowledge of vocabulary, reading comprehension skill and writing skill. One of the major strengths of the translation course was foundM.S. - Master of Scienc