The Effect of Fermented Oil Palm Fronds in Diet on Body Weight Gain and Meat Quality of Goat

The aims of study were to evaluate the use of fermented of oil palm fronds (FOPF) on body weightgain and meat quality of goat. This experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 3treatments i.e. R1 (grass 0%: FOPF 100%), R2 (grass 50%: FOPF 50%) and R3 (grass 100%: FOPF 0%)and 5 replications. The parameters of the study were feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), weight andpercentage of carcass and meat quality. The results indicated that feed intake and meat quality of goatwas not affected by treatment, but the average daily gain, carcass weight, and percentage of carcass, wasaffected by the differences of percentage of FOPF in the pellet complete feed. The best ration was in theR1 ration (grass 0%: FOPF 100%) that significantly different (P<0.05) from the other rations. The feedintake tended to be higher in goat fed R1 (895.87 g/d) compared to those in goat with the R2 (854.38g/d) and R3 (851.53 g/d). The average daily gain and carcass weight were higher in goat fed R1 rationcompared to those in goat fed R2 and R3. Consequently, the carcass percentage in R1 was higher thanthose in R2 and R3. The carcass percentage was ranged from 38.41-41.38%. The Ribeye area was higherin goat fed R1 (9.73 cm2) than R2 (8.34 cm2) and R3 (7.76 cm2). In this study, the protein content ofgoat meat was ranged from 19.06 to 20.71%, lipid content was ranged from 0.703 to 1.106% and watercontent was range from 72.45% to 74.12%, in which were not different among the treatments. It can beconcluded that the use of FOPF in a complete feed could improve performance and meat quality of goat

Pengaruh Musim Kawin Terhadap Produktifitas Induk Kambing PE Pada Kondisi Pedesaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari adanya perbedaan produktifitas induk berdasarkan musim kawin pada musim hujan dan musim kemarau dan diharapkan untuk perbaikan manajemen dan seleksi kearah mutu genetik yang lebih baik untuk dijadikan ternak bibit. Materi penelitian terdiri dari turunan 89 ekor anak dengan jumlah frekuensi melahirkan sebanyak 78 kali. Kemampuan produktifitas induk dianalisis dengan metode analisis ragam kuadrat terkecil dengan jumlah contoh yang tidak sama dalam setiap subklas. Analisis ragam faktor musim terhadap banyak anak lahir dan banyak anak sapih tidak berbeda nyata (P&gt;.05), kecuali pada awal musim hujan kemampuan hidup anak berbeda nyata (P&lt;.05) lebih rendah dibanding dengan pertengahan dan akhir musim hujan dan awal, pertengahan dan akhir musim kemarau. Service Periode dan Intreval Kelahiran nyata dipengaruhi oleh akhir musim hujan dan awal musim kemarau (P&lt;.05). Hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa service periode serta interval kelahiran pada akhir musim hujan dan awal musim kemarau menjadi lebih pendek, dengan produktifitas induk untuk banyak anak lahir sebesar 214 persen dan banyak anak sapih 198 persen

THE USE OF ALBIZIA FALCATARIA WITH CONDENSED TANNIN CONTENT ON IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND RUMINAL FERMENTATION

This study was aimed  to evaluate  Albizia falcataria with condensed tannin content in the diets on gas production and ruminal fermentation parameters. A completely randomized design (CRD) with fours treatment and five replications had applied in this study. The treatment in this study was fours combined of Brachiaria mutica and Albizia falcataria namely; R0: 60% Brachiaria mutica (BM) + 0% Albizia falcataria (AF) + 40% concentrate (CON), R1: 50% BM + 10% AF + 40% CON, R2: 40% BM + 20% AF + 40% CON and R3: 30% BM + 30% AF + 40% CON. The concentrate formulated using feed ingredients consists of 58% rice bran, 15% soybean cake meal, 30% corn, 1% salt, and 1% multi-vitamin minerals. The Diets samples were  incubated at 39oC. The volume of gas and CH4 were recorded manually at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h post-incubation. Dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), pH, N-ammonia (N-NH3), protozoa count, and microbial protein production (MP) were measured at 48 h post-incubation. The study showed that increased use of AF decreases (P<0.05) total gas, CH4, percentage of CH4, and increases the potency reduction of CH4. There is a negative correlation (R2= 0.81) between tannin condensed levels and CH4 production. Concentration N-NH3 and protozoa count was significantly (P<0.05) lower with the use of AF in treatment of R1, R2, R3 than R0 (without AF). As well as significantly (P<0.05) increased MP production. The study had concluded that the use of AF in the diet of R3 (30% BM : 30% AF) as a forage source reduced methane gas and N-NH3 by 62.31% and 25.73%, increasing MP, and without retarded the activity of rumen microbes

Preferensi Pakan, Tingkah Laku Makan dan Kebutuhan Nutrien Rusa Sambar (Cervus unicolor) dalam Usaha Penangkaran di Provinsi Jambi

This experiment was conducted to study feed preference, eating behaviour, feed intake, feed digestibility as well as determination of protein and energy requirement for maintenance. This experiment was conducted at Wisata Angsana Garden and Animal Nutrition Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Faculty, Jambi University. One male and two female of Sambar deers with body weight ± 140 kg were used in this experiment. The animals were kept in free stall of 30x15 m. The experiment was divided into three steps: feed preference, eating behaviour and determination of maintenance requirement. The results indicated that Sambar deers preferred Asystasia spp leaf, Hyampeacne amplexicaulis, Axonopus compresus and Cynodon dactylon grasses. Over 12 hours, Sambar deers had eating activity of 319.45±19.35 minutes, rumination activity of 266.85±13.67 minutes, with a total rumination period of 8.16±0.43 and rumination cycles of 30.63±0.79 times per periode. Sambar deers had intake and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, organic matter, crude fiber, and energy 2.43 kg, 0.66 kg, 2.15 kg, 0.37 kg, 9703.08 kkal GE per day and 74.38±5.22; 77.35±4.61; 87.87±2.47; 51.36±9.91; 67.89±6.54%, respectively. Sambar deers required protein and energy for maintenance as much as 0.44 kg per day or 3.17 g per kg BW and energy 5062.85 kkal DE per day or 36.16 kkal DE per kg BW. Key words: feed preference, eating behaviour, nutrient requirement, Sambar dee

CHEMICAL QUALITY OF CONCENTRATE BISCUIT CONTAINED FORAGE WITH DIFFERENT STORAGE PERIOD

Storage period is one of the factors which affect the physical and chemical quality of the stored material. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage period on the chemical quality of livestock concentrate biscuits con- taining Indigofera and sengon. Four periods of storage period were arranged in a completely randomized design which was repeated 5 times. The storage period consisted of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. The chemical qualities observed in- cluded moisture and ash content, crude protein and crude fiber. The results showed that storage period significantly reduced the moisture content of concentrate biscuit, while the ash content, crude protein and crude fiber were not affected by storage period. It was concluded that the concentrate biscuits containing Indigofera and sengon could be stored for up to 21 days with good chemical quality

Performance of Fat-tailed Rams Fed Complete Feed Based Oil Palm Fronds

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of fat-tailed rams fed complete feedbased oil palm fronds (OPF). This experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD)with 5 treatments and 4 replications i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of OPF substituting fields grass incomplete feed for A, B, C, D and E treatments, respectively. Twenty fat-tailed rams were fed twice at08.00 and 14.00 with pellet of complete feed for 4 months. The result of this experiment showed thatOPF significantly influenced nutrient consumption, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency ratio(FER). Oil palm fronds significantly affected (P<0.05) fat-tailed rams's dry matter intake (DMI), organicmatter intake (OMI), crude protein intake (CPI), ADG and FER. The highest DMI, OMI, CPI, ADG, andFER of fat-tailed rams was in C treatment and significantly different from the others. It was concludedthat C treatment was the best treatment which can give the best fat-tailed rams performance. The OPFcan be used to replace the field grass as feed up to 75% proportion in complete feed and could increasethe performance and productivity of fat-tailed rams

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan RANHAM 2004-2009 dan Rencana Ratifikasi Optional Protocol To The Convention Against Torture (CAT) dalam RANHAM 2004-2009 dan Perencanaan RANHAM 2010-2014

Dalam rangka mengevaluasi kepatuhan (comply) Pemerintah Indonesia dalam menjalankan United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) yang telah dirati kasi dengan UU No 5 1998, Kemitraan merasa perlu mengadakan kajian ini karena alasan-alasan berikut: (i) Secara hukum Indonesia wajib menjalankan UNCAT karena telah mengikatkan diri pada Konvensi tersebut sejak tahun 1998, sehingga semua pasal-pasal UNCAT (kecuali pasal 20 karena Indonesia mengecualikan diri) bersifat wajib atau legally binding untuk melaksanakannya. (ii) Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan UNCAT dalam sejumlah peraturan Perundang-undangan nasional sehingga perlu dicermati secara khusus. (iii) Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (RANHAM) 1998-2003 dan RANHAM 2004-2009 dirasa masih memiliki kekosongan substansi dan pelaksanaannya belum konsisten dengan apa yang dituangkan dalam ke dua RANHAM tersebut. Berdasarkan alan-alasan di atas dan makin maraknya pelanggaran HAM yang terjadi di Indonesia, Kemitraan dengan bantuan dana dari Uni Eropa mencoba mengevaluasi secara komprehensive pelaksanaan RANHAM 2004-2009 dan melihat kemungkinan rencana rati kasi Optional Protocol UNCAT yang telah disepakati oleh Majelis Umum PBB pada tanggal 18 Desember 2002 dan telah enter into force pada tanggal 22 Juni 2006. Disamping itu, kajian ini juga memberikan masukan bagi Perencanaan RANHAM 2010-2014

Synthesis of graphene oxide via electrochemical process: A short review towards flexible synthesis method

Graphene-based material for instance graphene oxide (GO) and reduce graphene oxide (rGO) emerge as unique frontier material that have been widely applied in various application such as energy conversion, nanotechnology as well as oil and gas industry. It properties such as high mechanical properties and enhance electrical conductor have made this material outperforms existing frontier material thus features large-scale commercialization opportunity. At present, electrochemical method has attracted much attention in synthesizing graphene-based material (GO/rGO) due to its green technology (environmentally friendly process), low cost and enhanced efficiency. Nevertheless, based on contemporary studies, different demand in GO/rGO quality requires different parametric setup and characterization analyses subsequently provides significant challenge to identify a standard design of electrochemical that can produce various quality of GO/rGO. This inflexibility affects the progress of commercial scale-up thus entails a systematic review related to various aspects of electrochemical studies for instance parametric analysis, product/material characterization and applications. A parametric analysis includes electrolyte concentration, type of electrolyte, temperature, synthesis time, cathode and anode materials and voltage demand. While, for product characterization, several methods are evaluated for instance Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN). This review paper is beneficial to the researcher and industries as a rapid guideline towards the flexible mass-production of GO/rGO via electrochemical method. Finally, future research should be conducted on the flexible design of unit operation (i.e. reactor) to ensure process feasibility