Factors influencing the choice of commercial banks among university students in Zambia: the case of university of Zambia (UNZA) first year students.

ThesisThe Purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of choice of the commercial banks among first year students at the University of Zambia. The Objectives of this study were to establish the criteria students use in selecting a commercial bank; to determine the rank of significance of choice of the determinants criteria and their influence on bank selection by university students; and to develop a marketing model and provide recommendations that commercial banks can use to attract the patronage of first year students. The Methodology used for this study was convenience sampling and data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A sample of 150 respondents was selected and 128 questionnaires were received back, but only 120 were suitable for analysis. The sample area was University of Zambia. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was conducted. The Findings, out of thirty determinants of bank selection criteria, the top five bank selection criteria in ascending order included the following: Bank status in industry; Reputation of the bank; Convenience of Location; Family member opinions or Friend recommendations; and Ease of obtaining borrowed funds. Additionally, the study findings pointed out that automated teller machine, branch internet banking, debit or credit cards, mobile banking, personal loan, agency banking (banking agents) as the major influence in bank selection in exception of investment products and e-cheque which are considered to be of least important in bank selection by students. The finding of the first and second hypothesis have indicated that the variances of financial benefits and industry status and size was equal and the variances of treatment of customers and bank product and services was also equal with type II error being committed in both hypotheses. Furthermore, the finding of the third hypothesis reviewed that mean treatment of customers and bank Product and Services were significantly the same resulting into type II error being committed. The Practical Implications of this study provides insight on the determinants criteria that influence the selection of a bank by first year students at the University of Zambia (UNZA), which has obvious management and theory implications. The report brings value and originality on bank selection determinants criteria from apparently under-researched and under-reported undergrad segment in Zambia and a typical Central-Southern African context. Key Words: University Student, Determinants, Commercial Bank, Selection Criteria, University of Zambi

HIV disclosure in the workplace amongst public service workers in Zambia

Masters of Public Health - see Magister Public HealthWith a prevalence of 14.3% among the 15-49 years age group, HIV/AIDS still constitutes a significant challenge in Zambia. In order to respond to the impact of HIV/AIDS within the workplace, government ministries have developed HIV-focused workplace policies and programmes that provide HIV/AIDS services. However, despite their availability, the number of employees accessing the services, especially those targetting HIV positive workers remains low. The fear (either perceived or real) of disclosing an HIV positive status is one likely reason for the low uptake of services. HIV-positive status disclosure is an important public health goal as it can create opportunities for an individual to access information and social and medical support, and this will affect career and workload related decisions. This exploratory, qualitative study aims to identify and describe the HIV-disclosure experiences of 12 openly HIV-positive Zambian public sector workers living in Lusaka and working in four Zambian Ministries. Both male and female public sector workers were interviewed. The participants’ experiences of disclosing their HIV positive status in the workplace were explored in depth in this study. With the aim of providing those responsible for overseeing and managing the Zambian public sector HIV workplace initiatives with some practical recommendations regarding the disclosure support needed by HIV-positive public sector workers. The study found that whilst participants had an initial fear of disclosing their HIVpositive status in the workplace, their HIV disclosure actually proved to be very beneficial. Not only did it allow their health-related needs (such as accessing medication and visiting a doctor) to be met, but their disclosure also encouraged others to also disclose their status. The recommendations are are aimed at creating a supportive working environment for people living with HIV within the Zambian public service, and offering suggestions to their managers on how best to support the process of disclosure amongst their staff

Co-infection and co-localization of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: a case report

Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a multifocal vascular neoplasm frequently observed in HIVpositive individuals, primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, visceral organs, and lymph nodes. KS is associated primarily with Kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. In this case report, we present a rare occurrence of co-infection and co-localization of KSHV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in KS arising from the conjunctiva, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) were utilized to demonstrate the presence of KSHV and EBV infection in the ocular KS lesion. Nearly all KSHV-positive cells displayed co-infection with EBV. In addition, the KS lesion revealed co-localization of KSHV Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen (LANA) and EBV Epstein Barr virus Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA1) by multicolored immunofluorescence staining with different anti-EBNA1 antibodies, indicating the possibility of interactions between these two gamma herpesviruses within the same lesion. Additional study is needed to determine whether EBV co-infection in KS is a common or an opportunistic event that might contribute to KS development and progression

First record of epizootic ulcerative syndrome from the Upper Congo catchment: an outbreak in the Bangweulu swamps, Zambia

We report on the first outbreak of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) amongst wild fish populations in the Bangweulu swamps, an inland delta, in the north of Zambia during 2014. The area supports a large and diverse fish fauna related to, but distinct from, that of the Zambezi River system where EUS outbreaks have occurred since 2006. A sizeable artisanal fishery, based on extensive fish weirs, is sustained by the annual flooding of the swamps, and observations of the disease outbreak by fishermen were recorded. Signs typical of infection with Aphanomyces invadans were observed in a number of species. Clinical observations, histology and molecular diagnostic methods were used to confirm infection with A. invadans in two of the most commonly and severely affected species. Several features of the wetland may have contributed to the outbreak and the annual recurrence of the disease. Modes by which the disease may have been introduced into the swamps are discussed. The outbreak is of great significance as the Bangweulu swamps drain into the Congo River in neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa's largest drainage system with an extensive and diverse fish fauna previously unaffected by EUS

Sleeping sickness and its relationship with development and biodiversity conservation in the Luangwa valley, Zambia

The Luangwa Valley has a long historical association with Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and is a recognised geographical focus of this disease. It is also internationally acclaimed for its high biodiversity and contains many valuable habitats. Local inhabitants of the valley have developed sustainable land use systems in co-existence with wildlife over centuries, based on non-livestock keeping practices largely due to the threat from African Animal Trypanosomiasis. Historical epidemics of human sleeping sickness have influenced how and where communities have settled and have had a profound impact on development in the Valley. Historical attempts to control trypanosomiasis have also had a negative impact on conservation of biodiversity. Centralised control over wildlife utilisation has marginalised local communities from managing the wildlife resource. To some extent this has been reversed by the implementation of community based natural resource management programmes in the latter half of the 20th century and the Luangwa Valley provides some of the earliest examples of such programmes. More recently, there has been significant uncontrolled migration of people into the mid-Luangwa Valley driven by pressure on resources in the eastern plateau region, encouragement from local chiefs and economic development in the tourist centre of Mfuwe. This has brought changing land-use patterns, most notably agricultural development through livestock keeping and cotton production. These changes threaten to alter the endemically stable patterns of HAT transmission and could have significant impacts on ecosystem health and ecosystem services. In this paper we review the history of HAT in the context of conservation and development and consider the impacts current changes may have on this complex social-ecological system. We conclude that improved understanding is required to identify specific circumstances where win-win trade-offs can be achieved between the conservation of biodiversity and the reduction of disease in the human population.Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA

Moegliche Beitraege von Kreditgenossenschaften zur Verringerung kleinbaeuerlicher Armut in schwarzafrikanischen Laendern: am Beispiel Sambias

Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel A 202289 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Soziale Kleinkreditinstitutionen in Laendern der Dritten Welt: Funktionen -Institutionen - Zielgruppen

Includes 3 articlesAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel W 707 (90) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Adaptable Lessons Learnt on Procurement from Deployment to a Deadly Emergency Outbreak: The Case of Sierra Leone during Ebola Outbreak 2015

Background: The WHO has standard operating procedures for procurement, travel and logistics for use at country level. Some of the guidance is waived during public health emergencies of international concern. Practical acumen on using the standards for emergency settings is limited at country level. WHO Zambia was one of the countries that responded to the call by WHO HQ to support the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. This paper aims to document lessons learnt by procurement staffs that were deployed to emergency settings.Methods: Desk review of documents on procurement during emergency settings, terms of reference of the mission, materials on prevention of getting infected by Ebola and general rules governing international deployment were analysed. The staff member was deployed for the duration of eight weeks in 2015 from where experiences gained were reviewed and systematically recorded.Results: Deployment and exposure to an emergency setting was the first such experience to WCO Zambia staff. During the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone there was the “no touch person” practice from inherent profound fear of contracting the deadly disease. While the job description was similar with what was prevailing in nonemergency setting in Zambia, the quantities and implementation speed on assignments on average were more than ten times on emergencies. In that environment the procedure for procurement involved Invitation to Bid and Request for Proposal to interested parties occurring at the same time which is done differently from normal situations where there is first a request for quotations and procurement committee deliberate before making selection. In the Ebola set-up, there is a waiver of the competitive bidding requirements.Discussion: The exposure of WCO staff to emergency setting allowed WCO staff to be more knowledgeable about preparation and award contract using additional procurement methods in compliance with WHO policies as adopted for emergencies.Conclusion: Secondment of staff to a setting of emergencies is beneficial to WCO staff in terms of capacity building and handling similar situations in future. Country Offices are encouraged in future to share human resources when situations dictate

Bwasemera obugenyi bwamunywami wange

Indigenous musi

Iyaze mwangu cata. Chipoya waya musali

Indigenous musi