Six new records of intertidal polychaetes from Pakistan

This paper describes six species of polychaete worms, which are new records from Pakistan. The species are: Arabella iricolor (Montagu), Capitella capitata (Fabricius), Mesochaetopterus sagittarius (Claparede), Phyllochaetopterus herdmani Willey, Lysidice natalensis Kinberg and Marphysa depressa (Schmarda)

Intraspecific variation of isozymes in Arenicola marina (Polychaeta: Annelida)

Six enzyme systems, namely acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, phosphoglucose isomerase, tetrazolium oxidase, esterases and malate dehydrogenase were studied electrophoretically in Arenicola marina from various localities in United Kingdom. Out of 13 presumed loci, ten were found monomorphic. The three loci which appeared to be polymorphic are LAP-1, EST-2 and TO-1. Due to small sample size allele frequencies and genetic identity were not calculated. However, results indicate genetic difference among the population of A. marina

Occurrence of Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus) (Crustacea: Cirripedia) in coastal waters of Pakistan

Five specimens of sessile barnacle, Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus) were collected, in February 1993, from the back of a green turtle, Chelonea mydas, which was going back to the sea after laying eggs on Sandspit beach (24 degree 49'N; 66 degree 56'E). Chelonibia testudinaria is widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate seas and has only been reported to be found attached to turtles (Newman and Ross, 1976). In spite of its wide distribution it has not been reported from Northern Arabian Sea bordering Pakistan. The only species of genus Chelonibia known to occur in coastal waters of Pakistan is C. patula (Ranzani) recently reported by Javed and Mustaquim (1992). A brief description of C. testudinaria based on the present material is given below. All the specimens are housed in the Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology

Polychaetous annelids (order Sabellida) from the Karachi coast, Pakistan

Fifteen species of polychaete worms, belonging to order Sabellida, are described from the Karachi coast. Of these 10 are new records for Pakistan: Hydroides albiceps (Grube, 1870), H. exaltatus (Marenzellar, 1885), Protula sp. Spirobranchus tetraceros (Schmarda, 1861), Vermiliopsis infundibulum glandigera group, Demonax sp. and Bispira cf tricyclia (Schmarda, 1861)

A study of the male reproductive organs of nine species of penaeid prawns (Crustacea: Penaeinae)

This paper deals with the male reproductive organs of nine species of penaeid prawns; Penaeus penicillatus Alcock, P. merguiensis De Man, P. semisulcatus De Haan, Metapenaeus affinis (H.Milne Edwards), M. monoceros (Fabricius), M. stebbingi Nobili, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (Miers), P. sculptilis (Heller) and P. stylifera (H. Milne Edwards). The male reproductive organs exhibited structural variations, which were more pronounced at generic level. These variations are mainly due to the type of spermatophore they possess. One species of each genus, that is, P. merguiensis, M. affinis and P. sculptilis were also studied histologically to examine the internal structure of the male reproductive organs. Spermatophores of the six species belonging to the genera Penaeus and Parapenaeopsis are also described and illustrated

Making Rules to Dispose of Manifestly Unfounded Assertions: An Exorcism of the Bogy of Non-Trans-Substantive Rules of Civil Procedure

Since the concept of universal design is already extending the boundary of disabilities, it is significant to include different aspects of information technology where universal design enabled efforts can contribute towards better designed systems, products and services. Sustainability is an important and growing public concern in today’s world. Nevertheless, attempts of designing IT system that can be called sustainable in nature are not so evident at present. In this paper we propose a framework originating from sustainable IT system design principles (also described in the paper). The universal design principles are used as a foundation upon which the resultant sustainable IT system design principles were derived. The concept of ‘sustainable IT system’ addressed in this research paper is beyond the common phenomenon of sustainability like green IT, CO2 emission etc. Rather, the framework proposed in this paper incorporates more user inclusion and increased user satisfaction together towards higher usability. And an IT system designed in this manner is a sustainable IT system according to the argument of this paper which can therefore be designed by following the proposed design principles and framework

About the Authors

The interdisciplinary nature of human-computer interaction (HCI) makes it possible to contribute towards an improved thinking in design and the process of information system designs. It is, however, a challenging aim, because the transformation of different gathered knowledge from HCI to information system designers is not easy, there being multiple design solutions available. In this paper a design space for designing an information system aimed at sustainability is introduced and discussed. The design space could be seen as part of a new design process, or correlating with an existing design setting and consisting of nine different components that are explored elaborately through a design space analysis. Differently selected dimensions of the proposed design space imitate knowledge from HCI and the result thus reflects a support for successfully transferring knowledge from HCI to the information system (IS) designers for improving a design process

Exploring Sustainable HCI Research Dimensions Through the Inclusive Innovation Framework

When frameworks and design principles for open innovation and open sustainability innovation (OSI) were established in earlier research, their foundations were originated from the expanded concepts of universal design (UD) from human-computer interaction (HCI) in a prescriptive form. This also was the basis of an inclusive innovation framework (IIF) aiming for a sustainable information system design. In this paper the IIF originating from the concept of combining UD and open innovation (OI) in promoting information technology enabling sustainability goals was analyzed together with OI and OSI frameworks. The role of OI in formulating the IIF was thereby strengthened, which in parallel helped recognizing the extended conceptions of sustainable HCI (SHCI) and its future research path through the use of IIF

Video Game Control Dimensionality Analysis

In this paper we have studied the video games control dimensionality and its effects on the traditional way of interpreting difficulty and familiarity in games. This paper presents the findings in which we have studied the Xbox 360 console’s games control dimensionality. Multivariate statistical operations were performed on the collected data from 83 different games of Xbox 360. It was found that the player’s perceived level of familiarity and difficulty can be influenced by the game control dimensionality. We also found that the perceived difficulty varies with control dimensionality and that the familiarity tends to show no relation to the user’s perceived difficulty. A way to measure and better understand familiarity and difficulty for games using the control dimensionality can thus give a better interpretation of different genres of games to its players and also to the game designers for further improvements in games’ design. Positive transfer of this could bring forward new knowledge for game designers to augment learning of different genres of games