FACTORS AFFECTING GOOD GOVERNANCE IN SPORTS FEDERATIONS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF FOOTBALL KENYA FEDERATION

The study undertakes to investigate the factors affecting good governance in the Kenyan Sports Industry and has been necessitated by the fact that there has been a rapid growth of the sector yet very little has been done to take an in depth look into its governance principles and practices. The study was guided by the following objectives: To examine the extent to which policy implementation, ethics, hand internal conman capital and control systems on the good governance in sports industry in Kenya. The study was confined in Nairobi where all the sports federations are located. The list of these Federations was obtained from the Sports Registrars office at the Ministry of Sports, Culture and the Arts. The sample was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The validity and reliability was ensured on the questionnaire which was the instrument used for data correction. A total of 99 questionnaires were issued and 92 were returned. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study revealed that football Kenya federation has policies in relation to how they operate. However, monitoring of the implementation of policies has been overlooked. The study found that, the policy implementation improves governance in football Kenya federation. Through this study it revealed that good governance depended much on the presence of ethical considerations at the workplace, although there are a lot of compromising on good ethics at football Kenya federation. The study has shown that not all the employees have the adequate skills and knowledge to enable them make decisions on running an operation of the federation. The results indicated that most of the operations are done manually at Football Kenya federation offices. The internal control systems for football Kenya federation do not help to keep track of their operations. The study recommend that the football Kenya federation governance should make sure that the policies which govern their operations are implemented so that they achieve their performance; the governance should ensure that it is corruption free and they conduct their businesses and operations in most ethical manner; they should ensure that every of their department have adequate employees and their s clear roles and responsibilities. In addition the employees should be facilitated to obtained the minimum skills and knowledge required to do their operations in an effective and efficient manner. The study recommends that football Kenya federation governance should make sure their systems are up to date and are able to check each and every operation done. This would ensure transparency and accountability and thus better performance and motivation of the players

Optimization-based modeling of Kenya’s energy system for pathways towards access to secure, affordable, and sustainable energy services

Global climate change is one of the most significant challenges that need urgent action in this century. Energy production and consumption, particularly for heat and electricity generation, account for the highest GHG emissions from anthropogenic activities. The world energy demand is projected to increase as the population grows and efforts double to bridge the demand-supply gap in countries yet to achieve universal access to modern energy services. Currently, out of the 770 million people who lack access to electricity worldwide, 580 million live in Africa, predominantly in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Using advanced energy planning tools to guide national energy objectives and decisions will be critical in addressing energy poverty while shifting to low-carbon fuels in Sub-Saharan Africa. Advanced energy planning tools have a detailed technological representation, account for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cost, and assess low-carbon policies optimally. This work aims to develop a quantitative energy system planning model for Kenya to evaluate pathways towards access to secure, affordable, and sustainable energy services for the 2020 to 2050 period. This thesis is composed of three journal articles that describe the outcome of this work. The first article reviews the existing integrated energy modeling studies done for the Sub-Saharan Africa region at a country or regional level. The reviewed studies show that the models, based on different mathematical approaches and assumptions, inadequately addressed some fundamental energy themes, such as low-carbon policies and energy cost. It is recommended that the SSA countries develop national-scale energy planning models using advanced planning tools, which could be expanded into a regional model. The second article develops a national-scale energy model for Kenya using the advanced bottom-up energy optimization Integrated MARAKAL-EFOM (TIMES) framework. Using the developed Kenya-TIMES model, the study assesses the environmental and techno-economic assessment of power system expansion for three projected demand levels for Kenya for the 2020 to 2045 period. The results indicate that the government will not meet its nationally determined contribution (NDC) GHG reduction targets in the vision demand scenario without implementing low-carbon policies. The third article develops the Kenya-TIMES model further to assess the low-carbon development strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa, using the case of Kenya. This study evaluates the implication of the carbon tax, renewable energy subsidy, renewable portfolio standards, and a hybrid of renewable subsidy and carbon tax policy instruments on Kenya’s power generation expansion for 2020 to 2050 under vision demand level. The GHG emissions are evaluated against Kenya’s NDC emission reduction targets. The results indicate the evaluated low-carbon policy instruments could help achieve emission cuts below the government’s NDC targets. Overall, this work sets a benchmark for developing a national-scale energy planning model using advanced energy planning tools and using it to guide the national energy objectives and decisions that Sub-Saharan Africa countries could adopt.Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) GRO-Geothermal Training Programme Reykjavik UniversityThesi

Sub-surface petrochemistry, stratigraphy and hydrothermal alteration of the domes area, Olkaria geothermal field, Kenya

Wells OW-905A, OW-910 and OW-917 have been drilled in the Domes area of the Olkaria geothermal field. Wells OW-905A and OW-910 have been drilled inside the caldera while OW-917 has been drilled on the eastern margins of the caldera rim. The caldera rim is characterised by a ring of rhyolitic domes to the east, south and southwest margins. Plans are underway to expand production drilling to the east of the Domes field. This study presents an in-depth look at the variation in reservoir characteristics across the Domes field and to the east of the ring structure. The study also delineates magma differentiation processes involved in the evolution of the GOVC. Wells OW-905A and OW-910 cut across seven stratigraphic units namely basalt, trachybasalt, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, trachyte, rhyolite and tuff. Well OW-917 only cuts across trachyte and rhyolite. Intrusives cut by the wells include micro-granite, syenitic, trachytic and basaltic dykes. Well OW-910 has a high abundance of high-temperature alteration minerals, OW-905A has moderate abundance while OW-917 has low abundance of these minerals. Higher temperatures are observed at shallower depth in OW-910, at relatively greater depth in OW-905 and at greater depth in OW-917. High permeability is observed in wells OW-905A and OW-910. Well OW-917 shows poor permeability. Well OW-905A is located in a recharge zone, OW-910 in the up-flow zone close to the heat source and OW-917 in a down-flow zone. The main magma differentiation processes involved in generation of the basalt-trachyte suite are fractional crystallisation and magma mixing. Rhyolites have been generated through fractionation of trachytes and anatexis of syenites. The GOVC has had different episodes of eruptions. Its plumbing system consists of independent discrete magma chambers and conduits in which magma underwent modification before eruption.Jarðhitaholur OW-905A, OW-910 og OW-917 voru boraðar á Domes-svæði Olkaria-jarðhitasvæðisins. OW-905A og OW-910 eru staðsettar innan ætlaðrar öskju, en OW-917 á austurjaðri hringbrotsins. Áætlanir eru um að bora fleiri vinnsluholur austan Domes-svæðisins. Í þessari rannsókn eru breytingar í eiginleikum jarðhitakerfisins þvert yfir Domes-svæðið allt austur fyrir hringmyndunina skoðaðar nákvæmlega. Í rannsókninni er líka fjallað um kvikuþróun sem átti sér stað við upphleðslu Olkaria-megineldstöðvarinnar. Holur OW-905A og OW-910 liggja gegnum sjö mismunandi gerðir jarðlaga, þ.e. basalt, trakýbasalt, basaltískt trakýandesít, trakýandesít, trakýt, rhýólít og túff. Í OW-917 er einungis trakýt og rhýólít. Þær gerðir innskota sem holurnar voru boraðar gegnum eru míkrógranít, sýenít-, trakýt- og basaltgangar. Hola OW-910 er mjög rík af háhitasíðsteindum, OW-905A hefur minna magn, en OW-917 er snauð af slíkum steindum. Hátt hitastig kemur fram á tiltölulega litlu dýpi í OW-910, á meira dýpt í OW-905 og á mestu dýpi í OW-917. Mjög góð lekt er í borholum OW-905A og OW-910, en OW-917 hefur lága lekt. Hola OW-905A er staðsett í aðfærslustreymi, OW-910 í uppstreymissvæði nærri varmagjafa og OW-917 í niðurstreymissvæði. Helstu kvikuferli sem áttu sér stað við þróun basalt-trachýtsyrpunnar voru hlutkristöllun og kvikublöndun. Rhýólítkvika hefur myndast við hlutkristöllun á trakýtkviku og uppbræðslu á sýeníti. Olkaria-eldstöðin hefur gengið gegnum eldgosahrinur. Kvikufærslukerfi hennar samanstendur af sjálfstæðum kvikuhólfum og kvikuæðum þar sem kvika þróaðist áður en gos urðu

Extending pension and savings scheme coverage to the informal sector: Kenya's Mbao Pension Plan

Abstract The Mbao Pension Plan is a voluntary individual account savings plan to which all workers in Kenya may contribute without regard to income or age. It is designed to provide a programme that is suitable for the unique nature of the informal sector and to encourage a savings culture for those workers. The key innovation is that low-income workers can easily make small contributions at relatively low cost, considering the small contributions and small account balances. Participants can conveniently make contributions anytime and anywhere using their cell phones. This savings innovation is made possible by technological innovations that have reduced the costs of cell phones and airtime, and by the entrepreneurial innovation of mobile money. The plan is provided through private-sector businesses

From the Snows of Kilimanjaro to Nairobi Half Life: Over 50 years of film in Kenya

This paper, traces the birth, growth and development of Kenyan voice in film since the dawn of film in the country to present. It further interrogates one Kenyan film with a view to establish the extent to which the Kenyan voice imbues Kenyan films with a unique vantage point when presented to the rest of the world. Thus the question guiding the paper is ‘how has Kenyan film incorporated conventions of filmmaking and language that Cinema employ, while at the same time discerning and maintaining the indigenous, Kenyan voice and how has this been achieved over years. Finally the conclusion reveals that after a period of over 50 years Kenyan films made by Kenyans redefine Kenya; telling Kenyan stories, reflecting the Kenyan life, culture, values and making statements about the Kenyan society without ‘aping’ westernized storylines  which could  demean the Kenyan culture

Vitimbi as a Commentary of Kenya’s Socio-Political Experiences

The essay analyses Vitimbi (1975-2014), a theatre text aired on Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. Using the family as its setting, the text wittingly accounts for the socio-political realities of everyday life in post-colonial Kenya. In the main, the essay interrogates how the producer of Vitimbi uses the family to image socio-political issues in post-independence Kenya. The focus is on how the producer uses the family conflicts and interactions as an allegory of the post-colonial nation-state. The artistic use of the family allows me to examine Mzee Ojwang’s family as a microcosm of the large society. The producer realizes this task by inextricably knitting familial and patriarchal structures on one hand with social, economic and political experiences on the other against a backdrop of Kenya’s history. The essay, therefore, problematizes characterisation within the domestic setting to establish how characters are used to address political nuances

A dataset of the mental health and wellbeing of Kenyan adolescents

This article presents data on the mental health and wellbeing of 2,192 Kenyan adolescents collected using self-reported questionnaires administered at four secondary schools in Nairobi and Kiambu counties. The data was collected using a range of validated scales to access for depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), gratitude (GQ-6), social support (MSPSS), perceived control (PCS), happiness and optimism (EPOCH). Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and R, and results are reported in terms of frequencies and percentages of responses. Linear mixed models were used to determine factors significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. The study provides a platform for future research into factors associated with depression and anxiety in Kenyan adolescents, and policymakers and mental health actors can use the results to design interventions that promote mental health in this population

Molecular identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from urine samples of African buffalo, eland and cattle

Presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural environment is an escalating risk of serious implication on human and animal health. Livestock and wildlife have been long recognized as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the potential of livestock and wildlife urine to act as transmission corridor for the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The present study aimed at evaluating antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular identification of bacteria isolated from livestock and wildlife urine samples. A total of 19 different bacteria isolated from urine samples of African buffalo, eland and cattle were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. The isolates showed diverse susceptibility patterns against co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Of the tested isolates, 73.7 % were exhibited resistance while 31.6 % were intermediate to the range of antibiotics tested. High resistance prevalence to amoxicillin (58%), tetracycline (26 %) and co-trimoxazole (11%) by the tested bacteria was observed. This study reveals the bacteria associated with African buffalo, eland and cattle urine as potential candidates for antibiotic resistance. This information demonstrates the need for measures to be adopted to limit the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in wildlife and livestock reservoirs

Antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from chicken droppings in Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract Objective Increase in antimicrobial resistance is a threat to health sector globally. Surveillance on the spread and emergence of antimicrobial resistance is therefore invertible. This study investigated prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli, molecularly characterized their antimicrobial resistance patterns and spread among resistant isolates from chicken droppings. Results A total of 150 chicken households were selected randomly within Nairobi and fresh chicken droppings collected. Salmonella and Escherichia coli were isolated and antimicrobial susceptibility test carried out. Beta-lactamase genes and class 1 integrons were determined among amoxicillin resistant isolates. Isolates carrying TEM gene were further subjected to (GTG)5 PCR genotyping. Of the analysed samples, 57% and 12% contained Escherichia coli and Salmonella respectively. Most of the isolates were susceptible to the tested antibiotics with exemption of 53% of the isolates that were resistant to amoxicillin. The isolates were detected with TEM (46%), CTX-M (18%) resistance genes and class 1 integrons (25%). The study reveals presence of beta-lactamase genes and class 1 integrons across Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from droppings of reared chicken. Therefore, the wide distribution of chicken and their fecal waste is likely to increase development of antibiotic resistance

African endemic stingless bees as an efficient alternative pollinator to honey bees in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)

The current honey bee decline necessitates the use of alternative native pollinators to ensure global food security. Here, we compared the pollination behaviour and efficiency of the African honey bee (Apis mellifera) and six African endemic Meliponini (Meliponula bocandei, Dactylurina schmidti, Meliponula lendliana, Hypotrigona gribodoi, Meliponula ferruginea and Meliponula togoensis) in a greenhouse with the non-parthenocarpic cucumber variety Super Marketer. Honey bees and D. schmidti started foraging on introduction in the greenhouse, while M. lendliana and M. togoensis showed the longest delay. In most species, foragers collected nectar and pollen, excepting M. bocandei that specialized in nectar collection, and H. gribodoi and M. togoensis, specialized in pollen collection. African honey bees visited flowers the shortest, while H. gribodoi and D. schmidti had a 2-fold probing time, on average. Most stingless bees species had a lower hive activity with fewer foragers encountered per hour than for honey bees, except D. schmidti. M. bocandei, M. ferruginea, A. mellifera scutellata and H. gribodoi, yielded a seed germination percentage of around 90%. M. lendliana, M. togoensis and D. schmidti yielded a much lower seed germination percentage around 30%, which indicates that the quality of pollination was remarkably lower by using these three species. The highest sugar content was recorded in fruits from flowers pollinated by M. bocandei, African honey bees, D. schimdti or M. togoensis with the same solid content as the gold standard method, i.e., hand cross-pollination. We found that M. bocandei was the most efficient cucumber pollinator of all species tested: because pollination by this species yielded the largest and heaviest fruits and the highest seed numbers