EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FLOW OF FERROFLUID IN A POROUS MEDIA UNDER A MAGNETIC FIELD

This research presents results from a laboratory-scale experimental setup that was designed to visualize the behavior of ferrofluid percolation through a porous media. Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions made of magnetic particles of a few nanometers and stabilized in carrier liquids like water or mineral oil. Ferrofluids get magnetized and align themselves in the direction of a magnetic field when a field gradient is applied. With the help of this experiment we investigate the viability of controlling fluid flow in porous medium by a magnetic field in vicinity. The experiments show that ferrofluids can be used as a transporting media to push the higher viscosity fluid out of the porous media when magnetic forces are acting on it. The magnetic force produces stronger attractive forces on the ferrofluid around the magnet which results in a predictable arrangement which is in- dependent of the heterogeneity of the medium. When capillary or viscous forces are predominant during the 2-dimensional drainage of immiscible fluids in a permeable medium, the injected fluid forms very thin finger like structure which then retains the fluid being displaced in them. No fingers due to varying viscosities are observed during displacement by ferrofluids in the medium. Displacement visualization experiments in an oil saturated porous medium shows that ferrofluids obtain a rectangular shaped final configuration around the magnet, irrespective of the initial arrangement and flow path. The aim of this research is to control the instabilities that occur during the displacement of a fluid with the help of ferrofluid and magnetic field in vicinity. While the applications of ferrofluids are promising in the field of engineering, the results obtained are particularly relevant to the laboratory scale experiments where the weakening of magnetic strength due to increasing distance is a smaller limitation. Ferrofluids may find an immediate application in areas like enhancing oil recovery, in environmental engineering that requires maneuvering subsurface liquids in the field, treatment. Their properties could also be utilized in a situation that requires controlling the emplacement of fluid motion, guiding to or positioning to target zones in the subsurface without coming in direct access with it

Discovering the Impact of Job Security on Organisational Commitment and Perceived Stress

Job security is one of the utmost important feature that attracts an employee towards a job. It is an essential component of a job profile and indirectly influences organizational behaviour. The present study aimed to discover the impact of job security on organizational commitment and perceived stress. The study also assessed the relationship between organizational commitment and perceived stress amongst government (n=50) and private employees (n=50) in India. Quota sampling was done to select the sample. The tools used include the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (Allen & Meyer, 1990) and the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al.,1988). The results revealed a significant negative correlation between organisational commitment and perceived stress. A significant difference was found between organisational commitment and perceived stress amongst the government sector and private sector employees.       &nbsp

Secretary, Ministry of Defence v. Babita Puniya; (2020) 7 SCC 469

The research article titled “Permanent Commission and Gender Equality- a Step Forward” is a case commentary on the case of Secretary, Ministry of Defence v. Babita Puniya; (2020) 7 SCC 469 which is a recent judgment granting Permanent Commission to the women officers in the Indian Armed Forces. The article provides a background of the case which basically involves the discussion about the main issue i.e., permanent commission and why it is important for the women officers and how the non-granting of the same led to gender inequality. Then, it moves onto the main facts, issues and judgment of the case in brief along with a detailed analysis of the opinions of the judges and how it is a landmark and a progressive judgment in terms of gender equality. The conclusion provides the suggestions and the author’s take on the issue

Art Collecting In India Through The Ages

This study examines the evolution of art collecting in India, from royal patronage to modern practices shaped by socio-political and economic changes. It highlights the ancient tradition of art– serving spiritual, cultural, and political purposes, evolving through colonial influences that introduced Western aesthetics and private collecting. Post-independence, collecting in India became a means of reclaiming cultural identity, marked by movements like that of the Progressive Artists\u27 Group. Three collections illustrate the diversity of contemporary Indian collecting- the personal collection of Kiran Nadar and the Kiran Nadar Museum of Art focusing on public engagement and modern Indian art; Vinay Sheth’s private, encyclopaedic collection preserving historical traditions; and Abhishek Bagri’s contemporary approach, emphasizing personal connection over trends. This essay explores how economic liberalisation, globalisation, and digital access have expanded the art market while raising tensions between financial motives and cultural preservation. It underscores the critical role of collectors and museums in bridging India\u27s artistic heritage and modern narrative

Nutri-Score, Warning Signs, and Facts Up Front – In Theory and In Practice A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Front-of-Package Labeling Systems

Suboptimal diets contribute significantly to poor health and chronic diseases, with excessive sodium intake and low consumption of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables being major risk factors. To address this global nutrition burden, various countries have implemented front-of-package labeling (FOPL) systems such as the Nutri-Score, Warning Signs, and Facts Up Front. This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of these systems – which vary in development, design, content, and implementation – in both theory and practice. The methodology involves a comparative analysis of three FOPL systems, assessing their theoretical effectiveness with international guidelines and practical effectiveness through expert interviews and secondary data. Findings show that while both the Nutri-Score and Warning Signs generally adhere to international guidelines, the Nutri-Score faces more divisive consensus, while the Facts Up Front label lacks in several crucial areas. The three systems have varying degrees of academic, industry, and government support, with the voluntary, non-interpretive Facts Up Front label being most preferred by the industry and less supported by research, whereas the vice versa applies for the government-mandated, interpretive Warning Signs label, and the voluntary, interpretive Nutri-Score garners both support and dissent from all stakeholders

The effect of the ketogenic diet in increasing and/or restoring fertility in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients

The effect of the ketogenic diet will be assessed using three factors: the efficacy of the diet as inferred from clinical trials, the advantage of the treatment when compared with other therapies and and the caloric and metabolic sustainability of the diet over a period long enough to restore fertility to childbearing patients. The hypothesised mechanism of action of PCOS and the ketogenic diet will be discussed and evaluated with the aid of existing scientific literature and articles. Currently, there exists ambiguity surrounding the cause of PCOS. This makes it difficult to determine the true effect of various interventions on infertility within the disorder. Overall, the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in short intervals demonstrates promising elevation in fertility amongst overweight PCOS patients. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence exploring the effect of the ketogenic diet on lean PCOS patients who make up a significant portion of the target population. Moreover, the nutritional sustainability of the diet makes it unlikely for patients to maintain success due to the difficulty in maintaining ketosis. Instead, this report suggests that a less restrictive version of the ketogenic diet could be implemented for these patients, but further research and trials would be required to affirm this. As an alternative, this report also suggests that a personalised dietary plan for patients may prove to be quite beneficial as it would be more likely in ensuring long-term success.   Key Words: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Ketogenic Diet, Insulin Sensitivity, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Lutenising Hormone, Ovaries, Fertility, Low-Carbohydrate, Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperandrogenism, Ovarian Function, Reproductive Health, Nutrition, Menstrual Cycl

A Literature Review on Machine Learning Applications in Financial Forecasting

Analyzing the past trend and predicting the future movement is an important aspect for every business. Knowing the future value makes an organization more efficient in planning specially if it is related to financial factors. This can be achieved by analyzing the historical data of the company. This is called time series analysis. The increased application of computer and information technologies, has made this more effective and accurate which is called machine learning. Methods of Machine Learning (ML) have been proposed as alternative approach to statistical metthods by many researchers in their academic literature. This paper presents a review of the works where the authors have used machine learning techniques in financial forecasting

Unveiling the silent threat-understanding hypertension knowledge and perception among adults: review article

Hypertension is major risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension, characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure, has emerged as a modern- day epidemic, particularly alarming in developing countries. The classification outlined by the Joint National Committee report offers a framework for understanding its severity, ranging from normal to stage 2 hypertension. Notably, studies in regions like Punjab and Haryana highlight the need for tailored interventions and education of patients about the disease knowledge, its severity, and complications. The increasing global prevalence is which inherently increasing the global disease burden whereas knowledge of this disease and its determinants are poor. To evaluate the level of knowledge and perception about hypertension in population. Moreover, the variations in knowledge and perceptions of hypertension between rural and urban populations have yet to be examined. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the current study understanding perceptions and knowledge of hypertension

Live second trimester intrauterine pregnancy with invasive mole: a rare case report

Gestational trophoblastic disease or gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is a collective term used to describe hydatiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumours. Since any molar pregnancy has the potential to develop into invasive mole these patients should be carefully monitored for development of malignant disease. Here we are reporting a case of invasive molar pregnancy with a single live fetus of 17 weeks gestational age. A 24 years old woman, G3P2L2 with a history of amenorrhea since approximately 5 months presented with profuse per vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound showed presence of live fetus of approximate gestational age of 17 weeks. Along with the fetus there was also presence of cystic areas with no vascularity s/o Hydatiform mole. In view of continued bleeding and severe anemia pregnancy was terminated and fetus along with vesicular tissue was expelled. On follow up Beta hcg titers showed increasing trend over the next week. Repeat USG showed extension of molar tissue into the myometrium. In view of this she was given 3 cycles of chemotherapy and eventually was discharged. She was followed up regularly with no e/o recurrence. Presence of viable fetus along with hydatiform mole is a rare occurrence in obstetric practice. After termination of pregnancy these patients should undergo follow up ultrasound and serial beta HCG titers to detect the malignant transformation. Rising beta HCG titers and invasion of myometrium on ultrasound are the ominous features suggesting malignant transformation and should be treated accordingly