Morphology and luminescence of nanocrystalline Nb₂O₅ doped with Eu³⁺

The synthesis of nanocrystalline Nb2O5:Eu3+ has been achieved by using a Pechini procedure. The obtained materials are single-phase niobia with the orthorhombic structure, average crystallite size around 25nm and average lattice strain of about 0.002. TEM images show that the particles are rectangular and reasonably isolated. The luminescence of the Eu3+ ions in the niobia lattice is efficient and affected by a strong inhomogeneous broadening, due to an important disorder around the lanthanide ions

Core-shell nano-architectures: the incorporation mechanism of hydrophobic nanoparticles into the aqueous core of a microemulsion

This work presents an in-depth investigation of the molecular interactions in the incorporation mechanism of colloidal hydrophobic-capped nanoparticles into the hydrophilic core of reverse microemulsions. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was employed to obtain molecular level details of the interaction between the nanoparticles capping amphiphiles and the microemulsion surfactants. The model system of choice involved oleic acid (OAC) and oleylamine (OAM) as capping molecules, while igepal-CO520 was the surfactant. The former were studied both in their ‘‘free’’ state and ‘‘ligated’’ one, i.e., bound to nanoparticles. The latter was investigated either in cyclohexane (micellar solution) or in water/cyclohexane microemulsions. The approach was extremely useful to gain a deeper understanding of the equilibria involved in this complex system (oleic acid capped-Bi2S3 in igepal/water/cyclohexane microemulsions). In difference to previously proposed mechanisms, the experimental data showed that the high affinity of the capping ligands for the reverse micelle interior was the driving force for the incorporation of the nanoparticles. A simple ligand-exchange mechanism could be ruled out. The collected information about the nanoparticle incorporation mechanism is extremely useful to develop new synthetic routes with an improved/tuned coating efficiency, in order to tailor the core–shell structure preparation

Colloidal synthesis and characterization of Bi2S3 nanoparticles for photovoltaic applications

Bismuth sulfide is a promising n-type semiconductor for solar energy conversion. We have explored the colloidal synthesis of Bi2S3 nanocrystals, with the aim of employing them in the fabrication of solution-processable solar cells and to replace toxic heavy metals chalcogenides like PbS or CdS, that are currently employed in such devices. We compare different methods to obtain Bi2S3 colloidal quantum dots, including the use of environmentally benign reactants, through organometallic synthesis. Different sizes and shapes were obtained according to the synthesis parameters and the growth process has been rationalized by comparing the predicted morphology with systematic physical-chemistry characterization of nanocrystals by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Structural Evolution In Mechanical Alloying Of Co And B Powders

X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to monitor the mechanical alloying of four different mixtures of cobalt and boron with atomic compositions Co50B50, Co67B33, Co75B25 and Co80B20, respectively. The process induces amorphization reactions depending on the boron content; an almost complete amorphization was reached for the Co67B33 and Co80B20 samples, where only minor traces of unreacted cobalt are present. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure data collected on the most amorphous sample confirmed the diffraction results. In all the samples, the formation of t-Co2B was detected