Neutrino Emission from Superfluid Neutron-Star Cores: Various Types of Neutron Pairing

We calculate and provide analytic fits of the factors which describe the reduction of the neutrino emissivity of modified Urca and nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung processes by superfluidity of neutrons and protons in neutron-star cores. We consider $^1$S$_0$ pairing of protons and either $^1$S$_0$ or $^3$P$_2$ pairing of neutrons. We analyze two types of $^3$P$_2$ pairing: the familiar pairing with zero projection of the total angular momentum of neutron pairs onto quantization axis, $m_J=0$; and the pairing with $|m_J|=2$ which leads to the gap with nodes at the neutron Fermi surface. Combining the new data with those available in the literature we fully describe neutrino emission by nucleons from neutron star cores to be used in simulations of cooling of superfluid neutron stars.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, A&A, accepte

Continuity and Change: Asylum Policy and Detainee Treatment During the Obama and Trump Administrations

This presentation investigates the similarities and differences between the asylum policies and the treatment of detainees who crossed the U.S.-Mexico border during the Obama administration versus during the Trump administration. This presentation asserts that while both Obama’s and Trump’s policies toward asylum seekers were very similar in being strict and harsh, Trump’s abrasive rhetoric and more extreme stances established distinct differences between the two administrations. In particular, this presentation explores conditions inside the detention facilities under each president, Trump’s Zero Tolerance Policy in relation to Obama’s policies, Trump’s use of Title 42, and each president externalizing the U.S. border. Although Obama detained families and many unaccompanied minors upon crossing the border in temporary facilities, Trump took this a step further by separating children from their parents under his Zero-Tolerance policy for deterrence. In addition, using the justification of the COVID-19 pandemic health concerns, Trump nearly dismantled any semblance of due process for asylum seekers by evoking Title 42. Title 42 provides border authorities with unilateral authority to expel migrants who do not have prior permission to enter the country without offering asylum. Both presidents had the policy of the externalized U.S. border, the practice of making it harder for asylum seekers to reach U.S. soil in the first place. Reporters touring the detention facilities, news articles demonstrating public opinion, White House website archives, government documents, political speeches, first-hand accounts of the asylum system, and analytical scholarly articles provide important insight in piecing together the asylum records of the Obama and the Trump administrations. It is critical to understand the continuities and changes between the Obama and Trump administrations’ asylum policies and treatment of detainees to make better, more humane, and more informed policy decisions in the future regarding those seeking asylum.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1094/thumbnail.jp

Interpretation of Ultrasonic Scattering Measurements by Various Flaws from Theoretical Studies

Let me begin by saying that this is part of a program which is very much complementary to and is helped by the experimental program; so I\u27ll repeat, in part, some of the overview comments that Bruce Thompson made this morning. We\u27ve regarded our role as one of trying to plug into the overall program those aspects of the theory of elastic wave scattering which can be developed in a utilitarian way in terms of modern analytical and computational techniques, in a form which I hope can be useful in signal processing, interpretation, design of experiment, etc. To outline our point of view, I\u27m going to first give a survey of what we have been doing and then give some of the results. It\u27s rather shocking to think of the amount of money that goes into an experimental program and its interpretation, if the interpretation is done in terms of acoustic or scalar wave scattering theories, when the differences from proper elastic theory can be as great as those which Bruce Thompson pointed to this morning

E-participation for sustainable development : participatory development of a regional development strategy

Die Masterarbeit behandelt die Forschungsfrage unter welchen Bedingungen neue Information- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) Bürgerbeteiligung eines regionalen Entwicklungsprozess im Rahmen von Agenda 21 und LEADER unterstützen können. Partizipation ist der Schlüssel um nachhaltige Entwicklung voranzutreiben. Nicht nur Industrien und Gesellschaft, sondern auch das Design eines Beteiligungsprozesses wurden durch neue IKT geprägt. Die Thesis beschreibt die Besonderheiten eines Beteiligungsprozess um eine nachhaltige regionale Strategie zu formulieren und die Vorrausetzungen eines E-Partizipationsprozesses.Einerseits wurden die in der Literatur erwähnten Voraussetzungen für eine Online-Beteiligung in einem Fallbeispiel in Oberösterreich von einer Organisationsperspektive (mittels Interviews mit Stakeholder, Mitwirken bei Meetings und einer Diskussion zu E-Partizipation Tools) und von einer Bürgerperspektive (mittels einer Umfrage) evaluiert. Anderseits diente ein Beteiligungsprozess in der Oststeiermark als „best practice“ Beispiel um diese Prämissen zu überprüfen. Durch Experteninterviews wurden Empfehlungen für Beteiligungsprozesse erörtert und Ansprüche an E-Partizipation weiterentwickelt. Zusammenfassend hat jeder Beteiligungsprozess seine Eigenheiten und Besonderheiten und verlangt daher seine eigenen Methoden. Der Prozess sollte an den Eigenschaften der Region, dem Beteiligungsziel, Beteiligungsthema und auch dem Lebensstil der Bürger angepasst werden. Es gibt daher kein ultimatives Tool. Durch E-Partizipation kann der Prozess transparenter und kommunikativer gestaltet werden. Jedoch das Zurverfügungstellen von Online-Tools wird die Bürger nicht zur Beteiligung bewegen. Das Beteiligungsthema muss die Interessen und Bedürfnisse der Bürger ansprechen. Es sind daher aufsuchende Methoden notwendig. Die Kombination von Offline- und Online Methoden kann mehr Einbindung schaffen und verteilt Risiken auf verschiedene Methoden.This thesis raises the question under which conditions new information and communication tools (ICTs) can be used for supporting citizen participation in the regional development process of Agenda 21 and LEADER. Participation is a key factor to strengthen sustainable development in a region. Not only industries and society were influenced by new ICTs, but also the design of participation processes. The master thesis demonstrates the peculiarities of participation processes in the light of sustainable regional strategy formulation and prerequisites for designing e-Participation processes.Prerequisites mentioned by scientific papers were examined from an organizer’s perspective by carrying out interviews with project stakeholders, observing and participating in meetings as well as in a discussion on e-Participation tools and from a participant’s perspective including a questionnaire filled out by citizens in a case study in Upper Austria. On the other hand another online participation process in Styria served as best practice example to prove these prerequisites. Expert interviews were carried out to identify the dos and don’ts to improve next participation processes. Thus a set of important claims for e-participation processes was developed out of the information gained in these expert interviews.The results show that each participation process has its own characteristics and methods. It should be adapted to a region’s properties, the intended aim as well as the participation issue and people’s lifestyles - there is no ultimate tool. E-Participation can make the process more transparent and guarantees a flow of information. However, the mediation of online tools by itself will not encourage citizens to participate, as further outreach methods are required. The participation issue should address people’s needs and concerns. The combination of online and offline methods will help to create a more inclusive process and will enable risk dispersion.by Verena MusikarZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Masterarb., 2014 1.42

E-participation for sustainable development : participatory development of a regional development strategy

Die Masterarbeit behandelt die Forschungsfrage unter welchen Bedingungen neue Information- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) B\ufcrgerbeteiligung eines regionalen Entwicklungsprozess im Rahmen von Agenda 21 und LEADER unterst\ufctzen k\uf6nnen. Partizipation ist der Schl\ufcssel um nachhaltige Entwicklung voranzutreiben. Nicht nur Industrien und Gesellschaft, sondern auch das Design eines Beteiligungsprozesses wurden durch neue IKT gepr\ue4gt. Die Thesis beschreibt die Besonderheiten eines Beteiligungsprozess um eine nachhaltige regionale Strategie zu formulieren und die Vorrausetzungen eines E-Partizipationsprozesses.Einerseits wurden die in der Literatur erw\ue4hnten Voraussetzungen f\ufcr eine Online-Beteiligung in einem Fallbeispiel in Ober\uf6sterreich von einer Organisationsperspektive (mittels Interviews mit Stakeholder, Mitwirken bei Meetings und einer Diskussion zu E-Partizipation Tools) und von einer B\ufcrgerperspektive (mittels einer Umfrage) evaluiert. Anderseits diente ein Beteiligungsprozess in der Oststeiermark als \u201ebest practice\u201c Beispiel um diese Pr\ue4missen zu \ufcberpr\ufcfen. Durch Experteninterviews wurden Empfehlungen f\ufcr Beteiligungsprozesse er\uf6rtert und Anspr\ufcche an E-Partizipation weiterentwickelt. Zusammenfassend hat jeder Beteiligungsprozess seine Eigenheiten und Besonderheiten und verlangt daher seine eigenen Methoden. Der Prozess sollte an den Eigenschaften der Region, dem Beteiligungsziel, Beteiligungsthema und auch dem Lebensstil der B\ufcrger angepasst werden. Es gibt daher kein ultimatives Tool. Durch E-Partizipation kann der Prozess transparenter und kommunikativer gestaltet werden. Jedoch das Zurverf\ufcgungstellen von Online-Tools wird die B\ufcrger nicht zur Beteiligung bewegen. Das Beteiligungsthema muss die Interessen und Bed\ufcrfnisse der B\ufcrger ansprechen. Es sind daher aufsuchende Methoden notwendig. Die Kombination von Offline- und Online Methoden kann mehr Einbindung schaffen und verteilt Risiken auf verschiedene Methoden.This thesis raises the question under which conditions new information and communication tools (ICTs) can be used for supporting citizen participation in the regional development process of Agenda 21 and LEADER. Participation is a key factor to strengthen sustainable development in a region. Not only industries and society were influenced by new ICTs, but also the design of participation processes. The master thesis demonstrates the peculiarities of participation processes in the light of sustainable regional strategy formulation and prerequisites for designing e-Participation processes.Prerequisites mentioned by scientific papers were examined from an organizer\u2019s perspective by carrying out interviews with project stakeholders, observing and participating in meetings as well as in a discussion on e-Participation tools and from a participant\u2019s perspective including a questionnaire filled out by citizens in a case study in Upper Austria. On the other hand another online participation process in Styria served as best practice example to prove these prerequisites. Expert interviews were carried out to identify the dos and don\u2019ts to improve next participation processes. Thus a set of important claims for e-participation processes was developed out of the information gained in these expert interviews.The results show that each participation process has its own characteristics and methods. It should be adapted to a region\u2019s properties, the intended aim as well as the participation issue and people\u2019s lifestyles - there is no ultimate tool. E-Participation can make the process more transparent and guarantees a flow of information. However, the mediation of online tools by itself will not encourage citizens to participate, as further outreach methods are required. The participation issue should address people\u2019s needs and concerns. The combination of online and offline methods will help to create a more inclusive process and will enable risk dispersion.by Verena MusikarZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Masterarb., 2014 1.42

Interpretation of Ultrasonic Scattering Measurements by Various Flaws from Theoretical Studies

Let me begin by saying that this is part of a program which is very much complementary to and is helped by the experimental program; so I'll repeat, in part, some of the overview comments that Bruce Thompson made this morning. We've regarded our role as one of trying to plug into the overall program those aspects of the theory of elastic wave scattering which can be developed in a utilitarian way in terms of modern analytical and computational techniques, in a form which I hope can be useful in signal processing, interpretation, design of experiment, etc. To outline our point of view, I'm going to first give a survey of what we have been doing and then give some of the results. It's rather shocking to think of the amount of money that goes into an experimental program and its interpretation, if the interpretation is done in terms of acoustic or scalar wave scattering theories, when the differences from proper elastic theory can be as great as those which Bruce Thompson pointed to this morning.</p

Interpretation of Ultrasonic Scattering Measurements by Various Flaws from Theoretical Studies

Let me begin by saying that this is part of a program which is very much complementary to and is helped by the experimental program; so I'll repeat, in part, some of the overview comments that Bruce Thompson made this morning. We've regarded our role as one of trying to plug into the overall program those aspects of the theory of elastic wave scattering which can be developed in a utilitarian way in terms of modern analytical and computational techniques, in a form which I hope can be useful in signal processing, interpretation, design of experiment, etc. To outline our point of view, I'm going to first give a survey of what we have been doing and then give some of the results. It's rather shocking to think of the amount of money that goes into an experimental program and its interpretation, if the interpretation is done in terms of acoustic or scalar wave scattering theories, when the differences from proper elastic theory can be as great as those which Bruce Thompson pointed to this morning.</p