University-wide Internationalization of Curriculum: An Organizational Improvement Plan

In the past few decades, higher education institutions have witnessed a greater interest in the way international perspectives including political, social, cultural, economic and technological perspectives impact graduates’ global competency. The rationale behind this view is to develop a more relevant understanding in graduates of global cultures, global knowledges, and global problems so that they are better prepared for the world of work that awaits them outside the university campus, regionally or internationally. This OIP problematizes the lack of international perspectives in curriculum and proposes a university-wide solution to incorporate internationalization of curriculum. It draws from the theoretical concepts of culturally responsive pedagogy and international mindedness as foundational drivers of change and incorporates research and evidence-based models of internationalization of curriculum to the improvement plan. Both these foundations are significant as the former demands cross-cultural understanding and the latter demands the fulfillments of compelling pressures of globalization. An internationally minded strategic plan executed through strategic and transformational leadership approach using internationalization framework for curriculum forms the foundations of this OIP. The planning and development stage employ Cawsey et al. Change Path Model to plan and propel change forward and uses a PSDA model to monitor and evaluate change. The outcome is an internationally minded approach to curriculum flexible enough for different disciplines to adopt and execute, yet strategic enough to promote institution-wide change

Role of Marketing Intelligence by Strategic Function on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

The purpose of this study is multifaceted; firstly, it aims to explore the extent to which marketing intelligence is utilized within corporate sector in Pakistan. Secondly, this paper measures the role of marketing intelligence by strategic function on organizational performance. The study uses exploratory approach, sample of the study consisted of 145 professionals from 30 companies related to different sectors operating in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Structural Equation Model (SEM) Technique was used to test the hypotheses. The study found a strong positive relationship between marketing intelligence by strategic function and organizational performance. The study also found that majority of corporate sector of Pakistan have incorporated and utilized marketing intelligence system. The study throws light on the importance of marketing intelligence to heading on this fast-paced competition.&nbsp

The Provision and Implication of Insanity Defense in Pakistani Laws

The current study sought to explore the provision and implications of the insanity defense in Pakistani laws. This research aims to find the lacunae in the law that aids mentally ill offenders. It also proposes to identify the role of lawyers and forensic psychologists and government institutions in the insanity defense. The study includes understanding and implementing the insanity defense in Pakistani laws and the law system. The study sample involved nine lawyers and four forensic psychologists whose interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were contacted through the snowball sampling technique. The current study concluded that more than one key factor hindered the law system's understanding of insanity defense and mental health. The absence of psychiatric or psychological assessments in the court system suggests a common knowledge of insanity defense and mental health. The case studies overall present the different sides of mental health in Pakistan. The results also inferred that the key factors that had played the role of hindering the development of insanity defense could also enhance the development of insanity defense. The psychosocial factors that influence the hindering of insanity defense are highlighted. The results of the present study indicate a completely different point of view regarding insanity defense for lawyers and forensic psychologists, who can use this knowledge in their professional endeavors

Role of Higher Education in Creation of Knowledge Economy in Punjab, Pakistan

Knowledge is working as an engine in achieving sustainable economic development goals for societies who are shifting from labor intensive economy to knowledge based economy like Pakistan. Education works like a backbone in knowledge based economies. Hence, the current research is planned to find out that is the educational institutions of Pakistan are contribution in production of new knowledge or not. Survey was the technique used by researcher for collection of information. Tool for gathering data was questionnaire and sample was selected from six public and private universities of Punjab Pakistan by applying simple random technique while the sample size was comprised of 606 respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were considered to analyze the data. Association found between the efforts made by higher educational institutions by providing access to knowledge, rich infrastructure, funds, incentives, research and development, human capital development, collaboration with industry and creation of knowledge economy

Leadership Characteristics and Quality Prevalence in Higher Education

The QUAL PRVLANC of advanced learning grounded on the policies made by the organization and leadership is considered significant for implementing these policies. The investigation was led to understand the association among governance features as well as QUAL PRVLANC in advanced learning. The characteristics includes the adoption of innovation, continuous observing of the surrounding, honesty to new thoughts, communiqué of the significance of applying new thoughts, the endowment of monetary capitals, and teaching and suitably satisfying the execution of new plans. The assessment technique was utilizing toward gather the information and questionnaire was the tool of research. Further, together descriptive plus inferential statistic techniques were utilized aimed at examining the information collected by the business schools. Moreover, study described that there is an optimistic association among the features of the governance of the professional colleges and receptiveness to QUAL PRVLANC

Impact of gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus on the foetal heart

Foetal cardiac structural and functional features have been examined in pregnancies diabetic and non-diabetic and healthy pregnancies. During 15.1.17-15.7.17, cardiac structure and function assessment was scheduled of 50 healthy pregnant women, 25 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 25 with pre-gestational diabetes. The thickness of foetal interventricular septum (IVS) was significantly more in diabetic group as compared to non-diabetics (p < 0.05) but no one was having an IVS > 2 SD from normal. The top velocity of tricuspid E and the ratio of E/A was considerably low in diabetic group (p < 0.05). Values of tricuspid valve Ea and the ratio of Ea/Aa were less in the diabetic group as compared to control group (p<0.05)but there was no considerable difference in between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (p > 0.05). In diabetic pregnancies the most common structural abnormality is the interventricular septal hypertrophy. No risk is linked to foetal with these changes unless it results in the functional impairment. Therefore, it is believed that it is necessary to monitor the diabetic pregnant women for foetal cardiac diastolic dysfunction

Comparison of the Effect of Administration Time of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Post-Operative Wound Infection after Caesarean Section

Objective: To compare the post-operative wound infection rate after cesarean section in women receiving prophylactic antibiotics before skin incision with women receiving antibiotic after cord clamping of baby. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holy Family hospital, Rawalpindi from October 2017 to April 2018. Materials & Methods: 356 patients pregnant female of age 20-45 years who were at term undergoing elective cesarean section for any indication were enrolled. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (study group) was comprised of patients who received prophylactic antibiotic dose 15-60 min before the start of surgery. Group B (control group) was comprised of patients who received the antibiotic after the cord clamping of the baby.  The wound infection was noted for both the groups. All the patients were followed up for 8 days to assess infection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.  Results: Mean maternal age of the total study population found to be 28.6±5.3 years. Mean gestational age in all the enrolled patients found to be 37.7±1.2 weeks. Wound infection was noted in 28.4% (n=101) of total study population. Out of 101 total patients who presented with wound infection, 63 patients (62.4%) were of control group while only 38 (37.6%) patients belonged to study group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Prophylactic antibiotic are useful for controlling post cesarean wound infection. KEY WORDS: Cesarean delivery, Ceftriaxone, Wound infectio

Reliability Of Transvaginal Ultrasound Measured Endometrial Thickness In Diagnosis Of Endometrial Cancer In Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Objective: Dilatation and curettage have been replaced by ultrasound measurement of uterine endometrial thickness (ET) especially by Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) as a first step in the workup of women with postmenopausal bleeding for many years. Still, there is no unanimity for endometrial thickness cut-off value to define abnormality. We used an endometrial thickness of 4mm as a cut-off value in this study. Methods: This cross-sectional validation study included 120 patients who presented with postmenopausal bleeding in OPD of POF hospital from 01-12-2017 to 1-06-2018.TVS measured endometrial thickness ≥4mm was assumed positive for malignancy and ˂ 4 mm was taken negative for malignancy. The TVS findings of patients were compared with the histopathology report of endometrial sampling, which was performed in OPD by manual vacuum aspirator (MVA). Histopathology report was taken as a reference standard to confirm or refute the diagnosis of transvaginal ultrasound. Results: On TVS, 54 patients had ≥ 4mm endometrial thickness (taken positive for malignancy) while 66 patients had <4 mm endometrial thickness (taken negative for malignancy). Histopathology of the endometrium (reference standard) revealed that 47 (39.17%) patients had malignancy and 73(60.83%) patients did not have malignancy. The reliability of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) using 4mm cut-off point ET in detecting endometrial malignancy in patients presenting with uterine bleeding after menopause, keeping histopathological findings as a reference standard showed 89.36% sensitivity, 83.56%, specificity, 92.42% negative predictive value and 77.78% positive predictive value & 85.83% accuracy rate. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a low probability of endometrial malignancy in women with ˂ 4 mm transvaginal ultrasound (TVS)measured endometrial thickness (ET).TVS  may replace invasive endometrial sampling in cases of postmenopausal bleeding with ˂ 4mm ET