Propagation of an Optical Vortex in Fiber Arrays with Triangular Lattices

The propagation of optical vortices (OVs) in linear and nonlinear media is an important field of research in science and engineering. The most important goal is to explore the properties of guiding dynamics for potential applications such as sensing, all-optical switching, frequency mixing and modulation. In this dissertation, we present analytical methods and numerical techniques to investigate the propagation of an optical vortex in fiber array waveguides. Analytically, we model wave propagation in a waveguide by coupled mode Equations as a simplified approximation. The beam propagation method (BPM) is also employed to numerically solve the paraxial wave Equation by finite difference (FD) techniques. We will investigate the propagation of fields in a 2D triangular lattice with different core arrangements in the optical waveguide. In order to eliminate wave reflections at the boundaries of the computational area, the transparent boundary condition (TBC) is applied. In our explorations for the propagation properties of an optical vortex in a linear and a non-linear triangular lattice medium, images are numerically generated for the field phase and intensity in addition to the interferogram of the vortex field with a reference plane or Gaussian field. The finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) with transparent boundary condition (TBC) is a robust approach to numerically deal with optical field propagations in waveguides. In a fiber array arranged in triangular lattices, new vortices vary with respect to the propagation distance and the number of cores in the fiber array for both linear and nonlinear regimes. With more cores and longer propagation distances, more vortices are created. However, they do not always survive and may disappear while other new vortices are formed at other points. In a linear triangular lattice, the results demonstrated that the number of vortices may increase or decrease with respect to the number of cores in the array lattice. In a nonlinear triangular lattice, however, the number of vortices tends to increase as the core radius increases and decrease as the distance between cores increases. Investigations revealed that new vortices are generated due to the effects of the phase spiral around the new points of zero intensity. These points are formed due to the mode coupling of the optical field between the cores inside the array. In order to understand the dynamics of vortex generation, we examine vortex density, defined as the total number of vortices per unit area of the fiber array. This parameter is to be explored versus the propagation distance, the core radius size and the distance between cores. The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor can be employed to find the vortex density and the locations of vortices. Simulation results revealed that the vortex density increases with respect to propagation distance until saturation. It also increases with an increasing radius size but decreases with increasing distance between the array cores for linear and nonlinear regimes

The quality of disclosure of accounting information and its impact on financial performance and its determinants based on accounting information systems: A study on a sample of companies listed on the Iraqi stock exchange

The study aimed to understand and clarify the quality of disclosure of accounting information and its impact on financial performance in many companies including technological and engineering companies and its determinants by relying on accounting information systems, where the independent variable represents the quality of disclosure of accounting information in its dimensions: (disclosure of social and environmental responsibility, disclosure of internal control items and audit operations, disclosure of information future, and disclosure of financial information), and the dependent variable is financial performance and its determinants. The research community consisted of Iraq Stock Exchange companies, and the companies with the highest market value were selected and were represented by five companies: (Zain Iraq, Asia Cell, Bank of Baghdad, Baghdad Soft Drinks Company Pepsi Baghdad, National Bank of Iraq), where 350 questionnaires were distributed to A group of employees, experts, and investors collected data on the variables of the study. A random sampling equation was used to determine the sample size necessary to obtain accurate and reliable results. 345 questionnaires were retrieved, suitable for analysis. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted to achieve the objectives of the study. The most important of which is: a positive evaluation of the quality of accounting disclosure, with room for improvement. The positive evaluation indicates awareness among companies of the importance of transparency and accountability in enhancing trust between them and investors and shareholders. The positive evaluation also shows companies\u27 efforts to apply international accounting standards and provide accurate and reliable financial information. The reason for this assessment is the adoption of international accounting standards and effective supervision by regulatory authorities

Utilizing Digital Mapping Technologies to Analyze the Characteristics of the Population of Ramadi City: Patterns and Trends

This study aims to employ digital mapping technologies to analyze the characteristics of the population of Ramadi city. Demographic data were collected from official sources and analyzed using digital mapping tools to provide a comprehensive overview of population distribution, population density, and growth rates in the city. The population of Ramadi city in 2022 was approximately 25,770, with the Othman bin Affan district being the most populous, with 31,703 residents. Population distribution was represented using dot maps to illustrate the numerical distribution of the population across different neighborhoods. The population density in the city was 55.3 persons per hectare, with Al-Khansaa district having the highest population density at 210.1 persons per hectare. Population density was represented using choropleth maps to highlight differences between neighborhoods. The population growth rate was 3.1% for the city of Ramadi. The western neighborhoods of the city, which experienced the highest growth rates of 8% and 7.5%, were the main destination for internal migration from other neighborhoods, significantly affecting population distribution and density. The study concluded that the use of digital mapping technologies provides effective tools for analyzing and interpreting demographic patterns, contributing to improved urban planning and equitable distribution of services across neighborhoods

A proposed educational vision to activate the dimensions of the learning organization in Jordanian universities from the students' point of view

The study aimed to present a proposed educational vision to activate the dimensions of the learning organization in Jordanian universities from the students' point of view. The study population consisted of all Jordanian university students, and the study sample was (583) male and female students, and the developmental survey method was used. The results of the study showed that the degree of availability of the dimensions of the learning organization in Jordanian universities from the viewpoint of its students in general was moderate. The results also indicated that there are no differences attributed to the scientific qualification variable, and the presence of statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable and in favor of females in each of the following dimensions (after strategic leadership in support of learning, after sharing knowledge, and after linking the organization to the external environment). And based on the results of the study, the two researchers developed an educational vision to activate the dimensions of the learning organization in Jordanian universities. Key words: the learning organization, an educational vision, Jordanian universities. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-1-08 Publication date: January 31st 2021

The Reality of the role of Jordanian Universities In Promoting Moderate Ideologies among Students Based on Amman Message

The present study aimed to explore the reality of the role of Jordanian universities in promoting moderate ideologies among students based on Amman Message from the students’ perspective. It aimed to explore whether there is any significant difference between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to gender, faculty, university, academic year, program and GPA. The sample consists from 400 students. Those students were selected from the University of Jordan, Yarmouk University, and Mu’tah University. A questionnaire was developed. It consists from 40 items. It sheds a light on 4 areas. These areas are: (faculty members, students, student union, and university activities). It was found that Jordanian universities play a moderate role in promoting moderate ideologies among students based on Amman Message from the. That’s because the overall mean is 3.41 which is moderate. The mean of the (faculty member) area is 3.48. It’s moderate and ranked first. The mean of the (student) area is 3.45. It’s moderate and ranked second. The mean of the (student union) is 3.39. It’s moderate and ranked third. The mean of the (university activity) area is 3.32. It’s moderate and ranked last. It was found that there is a significant difference between the respondents’ attitude which can be attributed to faculty. The latter difference is for the favour of the ones enrolled in human sciences faculties. It was found that there is a significant difference between the respondents’ attitude which can be attributed to university. The latter difference is for the favour of the ones enrolled in the University of Jordan. It was found that there is a significant difference between the respondents’ attitude which can be attributed to academic year. The latter difference is for the favour of the freshmen. It was found that there is a significant difference between the respondents’ attitude which can be attributed to GPA. The latter difference is for the favour of the ones whose rating is (very good). It was found that there isn’t any significant difference between the respondents’ attitude which can be attributed to gender or program. The researchers recommend promoting moderate ideologies among students. They recommend promoting awareness among students about awareness among students about the significance of moderate ideologies. They recommend fighting against extremist ideologies. They recommend carrying out activities to promote moderate ideologies among students. They recommend moderate ideologies among students through the student union. That shall contribute to the development of balanced personalities DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-20-09 Publication date:July 31st 202

Analysis of the relationship between temperature and other climate elements in Haditha for the period 1980 to 2017

The study examined the study of the relationship between temperature and different climate elements in Haditha, western Iraq, and the study of climate elements is extremely important because of its direct impact on human life and health. The study concluded that there is a significant correlation between the temperature and the rest of the climate elements for the monthly averages, and the highest correlation between temperature and relative humidity is -0.98, and the annual averages reach the highest correlation with wind speed -0.47, and therefore the temperature values can be predicted by knowing the values of The different elements of the brain for any regio

Purposive Analysis: Inculcation and Application

This paper examines a new type of analysis that has come to attract considerable attention lately, namely Purposive Analysis. It explains what is meant by the newly coined and still unfamiliar idiom with specific reference to the agreed purposes of Sharia law as its ultimate objective. The paper further examines the uses and major disciplines of Purposive Analysis, focusing on the multiple ethical and rhetorical applications of its interpreters. The study comprises an introduction, summarizing the relationship between interpretation and Sharia purposes, followed by three consecutive parts. The first tackles the different aspects of the idiomatic usage then suggests an alternative nominalization it finds more apt for the discipline. The second traces the multiplicity of the semantic significations pertaining to the Sharia purposes involved in the interpretations. Finally, the third concluding part examines Purposive Analysts’ handling of some rhetorical values and methods the Holy Quran had introduced to elucidate the purposes of the venerable Sharia and to persuade others of its validity

Water Resources Management Strategies in Anbar Governorate

      There is no issue more important and more dangerous in human life than the issue of water supply and food security for the people of society. Therefore, this issue is addressed by the current and future global attention. Water resources are the basic components of development in various concepts (human development, sustainable development and economic development). Water and its scarcity and the question of the ability to manage and regulate the available water resources and use them with scientific and economic efficiency is the main concern of economists and those interested in this matter. Therefore, the sustainable and comprehensive development of water resources and management is of utmost importance in order to avoid future crises that result from the lack of water. In this regard, this research aims to survey and analyze the water resources in Al-Anbar province and its management as the current challenge under the global system of water resources management. Anbar province is located in the arid and semi-arid region characterized by low rainfall in the winter season and its absence in the summer, in addition to the large increase in the evaporation rate, which led to its insufficiency due to its interruption in this chapter. Guaranteed water This is the importance of this study in order to shed light on the importance of these projects in the investment of the Euphrates River. The title of this research is (resource management In the province of Anbar under the challenges of the future)

Reviewing the effects of deploying Building Information Modelling (BIM) on the adoption of sustainable design in Gulf countries: a case study in Saudi Arabia

Sustainable construction is a challenging prospect in Gulf countries such as Saudi Arabia and the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is often suggested as a solution. However, achieving improvement is associated with considerable challenges, particularly regarding energy efficiency improvements. Furthermore, the extreme environmental conditions in Saudi Arabia increase the demand for energy. As energy consumption in buildings is one of the main problems related to the built environment in both dry and hot climates, although in hot climates especially the issue is exacerbated by the particularly great need for cooling systems in buildings. On the other hand, one of the most important factors that affect Saudi Arabia’s building design is gender and function, demonstrating how the culture of Saudi Arabia, significantly influenced by the Islamic religion, affects design. This paper aims to present a literature review of the area of sustainable building design and the impact of cultural issues, focusing on the case of Saudi Arabia. This paper has analysed related literature in the area of sustainable building design and the influence of cultural issues, focusing on the case of Saudi Arabia. This review has identified the lack of using technology to support designs in Saudi Arabia, lack of achieving sustainability in Saudi Arabia, culture issues effect on designing in Saudi Arabia, and lack of using Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Saudi Arabia for both public and private project. These issues have led to a series of recommendations that have the potential to improve the adoption of sustainable design in Saudi Arabia by using (BIM). Some of these recommendations are developing and understanding the influence of cultural issues on achieving sustainable design. Secondly, analysing the different viewpoints on sustainability between the experts and members of the public. Furthermore, developing a framework of measures of sustainable design for buildings with consideration of specific factors. Additionally, showing the current level of using BIM technologies. Finally, developing a methodology, supported by BIM, for both government and private projects

Excitability and synaptic transmission in the enteric nervous system: Does diet play a role?

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Changes in diet are a challenge to the gastrointestinal tract which needs to alter its processing mechanisms to continue to process nutrients and maintain health. In particular, the enteric nervous system (ENS) needs to adapt its motor and secretory programs to deal with changes in nutrient type and load in order to optimise nutrient absorption. The nerve circuits in the gut are complex, and the numbers and types of neurons make recordings of specific cell types difficult, time-consuming, and prone to sampling errors. Nonetheless, traditional research methods like intracellular electrophysiological approaches have provided the basis for our understanding of the ENS circuitry. In particular, animal models of intestinal inflammation have shown us that we can document changes to neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Recent studies examining diet-induced changes to ENS programming have opted to use fast imaging techniques to reveal changes in neuron function. Advances in imaging techniques using voltage- or calcium-sensitive dyes to record neuronal activity promise to overcome many limitations inherent to electrophysiological approaches. Imaging techniques allow access to a wide range of ENS phenotypes and to the changes they undergo during dietary challenges. These sorts of studies have shown that dietary variation or obesity can change how the ENS processes information-in effect reprogramming the ENS. In this review, the data gathered from intracellular recordings will be compared with measurements made using imaging techniques in an effort to determine if the lessons learnt from inflammatory changes are relevant to the understanding of diet-induced reprogramming