Comparative Study of Easement and Compensation Values Case Study on the Construction of Trans Adriatic Pipeline-TAP

A comparative study of the easements and compensation values of fruit trees in the cases of pipeline crossing has been undertaken for Albania, Greece, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. The purpose of the study was to compare assessment methodologies for important land use elements during construction and operation phases of pipelines. Investors in the case of pipeline construction demand land for purchase, rent, right of way or easement for tree planting restriction in the range of 8 m. In this study, only two types of compensation are compared: (i) easement and (ii) fruit tree compensation values. Discussion of the methods and their calculation formulas show that there are differences in easement quotes. They were equal to 50% of the land value in Albania, Greece and Turkey and 60% of the land value in the other countries. In fruit tree compensation, the value differences were even greater due to the application of different methods. They were the lowest in Albania and Turkey compared to other countries. However, in all cases, the compensation and easement rates were in accordance with national legislation and met the basic principle of the property right use and the fair compensation of easements and fruit trees sacrificed by the works

Contracts - Their Role in the Marketing Chain

Basic goal of this benchmark is to provide a theoretical background not only for analysis of specific contracts in agriculture that should operate between producers (agents) and processors (Principal). Normally, for an explanation of this issue, must rely on principal agent theory, theory which provides important explanations for the necessity of the system of contracting between producers and processors, and why not, to proceed with the need for integration (horizontal, vertical perhaps conglomerate) in agribusiness industries. This theory deals with situations in which an economic entity, in case the total processing industry, but not limited to, (the principal) of "delegate" responsibilities (tasks) an agricultural producer of raw materials (the agent). Delegation of tasks that the agent makes decisions that affect not only their activity but also on its own principal. Normally, in a principal-agent relationship, the latter is threatened by formal or informal contracts that represent the interests of the principal in exchange for a fee.Keywords: contracts, farmers, costs, price, producer

Characteristics of farming systems in Albania

This report is based on information collected from a face-to-face survey of more than 1 000 farmers from three regions of Albania (namely Berat, Elbasan and Lezhë To identify a representative sample of Albanian farming systems, a three-step sample design was used. A group of 11 variables dealing with the socio-economic characteristics of farms was selected to build up the farming system typology. Two typologies are used: one for the whole sample (three regions) and a second one for each region. The differences between the two typologies are considered to be a proxy indicator of different characteristics of farming systems in each region. The farm types identified are (1) poly-culture, mainly for the market; (2) leisure farms; (3) arable crops; (4) fruit trees; (5) self-sufficient; and (6) livestock. The farm typology is slightly different for the regions of Berat and Lezhë. The farm types’ strategies are constructed according to the land, infrastructure facilities and the investment availability of farms. Non-agricultural incomes (remittances, income from the construction, trade, pensions, etc.) appear to provide an important economic support for the farm household. Farming structures in rural areas are characterised by the use of more labour and lower inputs. The farm types that tend to specialise in one activity are not always those that make the best use of labour and land. Farming does not provide enough income to repay the work put in at the official minimum wage level. Non-agricultural work is better paid. Albanian farms provide at least a minimal income that is enough to keep the household members above the threshold of extreme poverty. The farm types that base their incomes on agricultural activities are poorer than those that base their income on non-agricultural activities. Income structures and the low incomes generated by work in agriculture suggests that rural migration towards urban areas and abroad is a phenomenon that will persist into the future.JRC.J.4-Agriculture and Life Sciences in the Econom

Comparative Study of Easement and Compensation Values Case Study on the Construction of Trans Adriatic Pipeline-TAP

A comparative study of the easements and compensation values of fruit trees in the cases of pipeline crossing has been undertaken for Albania, Greece, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. The purpose of the study was to compare assessment methodologies for important land use elements during construction and operation phases of pipelines. Investors in the case of pipeline construction demand land for purchase, rent, right of way or easement for tree planting restriction in the range of 8 m. In this study, only two types of compensation are compared: (i) easement and (ii) fruit tree compensation values. Discussion of the methods and their calculation formulas show that there are differences in easement quotes. They were equal to 50% of the land value in Albania, Greece and Turkey and 60% of the land value in the other countries. In fruit tree compensation, the value differences were even greater due to the application of different methods. They were the lowest in Albania and Turkey compared to other countries. However, in all cases, the compensation and easement rates were in accordance with national legislation and met the basic principle of the property right use and the fair compensation of easements and fruit trees sacrificed by the works

Characteristics of farming systems in Albania

International audienceIt aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission.Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication