Factors associated with fatal outcome in 48 MERS cases.

<p>Factors associated with fatal outcome in 48 MERS cases.</p

Contour enhanced funnel plot with regression adjustment model for weighted average of the effect -estimate (treatment cohort).

<p>Contour enhanced funnel plots with implementation of regression adjustment model (green line); The contour lines differentiate the significance and non-significance regions in the plot at 1%, 5% and 10% significance levels.</p

Factors associated with poor outcome (admission to ICU or death) among 48 MERS patients.

<p>Factors associated with poor outcome (admission to ICU or death) among 48 MERS patients.</p

Influence of a hypothetical confounder present in 20% (Left side, both panels) and 50% (Right side, both panels) of the study population, unaccounted for in the adjustments already performed in the individual studies (Prevention group – top panel; Treatment group – bottom panel).

<p>The graphs indicate what combinations of OREC and RRCD that would be necessary for the confounder to fully account for the observed association between, (1) Statin use and development of pneumonia (ARR = 0.85)in the prevention group and; (2) Statin use and mortality associated with pneumonia before (ARR = 0.70; Solid Line) and after (ARR = 0.86; Dashed Line) adjustment for publication bias) in the treatment group. <i>Abbreviations: OREC, odds ratio of exposure to the confounder in statin non-users vs. statin users; RRCD, relative risk of development of pneumonia in individuals exposed to the confounder vs. non-exposed.</i></p

Time from hospital admission to death.

<p>A: Comparing patients with MERS-CoV infection (red line) and those negative for MERS-CoV (black line) (p = 0.01). B: Comparing health care workers with MERS CoV (red dotted line; group1), non-HCW with MERS (red solid line; group 2) and patients without MERS-CoV infection (black solid line; group 3). Log rank test group 1 vs. group 2 p = 0.003; group 2 vs group 3 p = 0.45; group 1 vs group 3 p<0.001.</p

Demographics of MERS positive HCW, MERS positive non-HCW and MERS negative cases.

<p>Demographics of MERS positive HCW, MERS positive non-HCW and MERS negative cases.</p

Time from hospital admission to death stratified by comorbid disease status among MERS positive cases.

<p>Survival analysis was carried out to ascertain impact of co-morbidities on survival in patients with MERS-CoV infection. Black line (group 1): No comorbid disease; Red line (group 2): Diabetes with or without other comorbidities; Green line (group 3): Any other comorbid disease without diabetes. Log rank test: group 1 vs group 2 p = 0.01; Group 1 vs. group 3 p = 0.54; group 2 vs. group 3 p = 0.01.</p

Factors associated with fatal outcome in 48 MERS cases.

<p>Factors associated with fatal outcome in 48 MERS cases.</p

Comparison of clinical symptoms and co-morbidity status among the three patient groups.

<p>Comparison of clinical symptoms and co-morbidity status among the three patient groups.</p

Forest plot of prevention group (left panel) and treatment group (right panel) in the meta-analysis with random effects model.

<p>Estimated odds ratios (OR) for the association of (statin use vs. non-use) and development of Pneumonia; CI- indicates Confidence Interval.</p