Identification and Analysis of Landslide Characteristics Out of the Agriculture in Garut Regency

Based on the data of earthquake disaster events in Indonesia for the last 12 years then West Java Province was most often experienced landslide disaster. Land movement map of Garut Regency issued by Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (DVMG), indicated Garut included in the category of vulnerability zone of high ground movement, among others: District Banjarwangi, Singajaya and Peundeuy. This study aimed to identify and analyzed the characteristics of landslides in Garut regency, especially in three districts. The first phase of this study conducted a literature study on various factors causing landslides, followed by making a list of fields as a guide in the field. The identification of landslides was done descriptively. Various factors suspected to be the cause of the landslide were identified and analyzed. Based on the results of observation for 14 months at 32 landslide point that occurred in the research area, there were 2 landslide characteristic encountered, namely 1. Soil scrolling (30 cases or 94%) and 2. Decreased / subsidence (2 cases or 6%). The highest landslide was found on paddy fields as much as 25 dots, followed by mixed gardens (talun) as much as 4 points, in the settlement / infrastructure found 2 points and one season plantation garden

Bioremediasi Tanah Bertekstur Klei Terkontaminasi Minyak Bumi: Aplikasi Teknik Biopile Dengan Penambahan Pasir

Problem encountered in the application of biopile technique for bioremediation of clay textured soils contaminated with crude oil is limited rate of air flow through the soil. It is a challenge to solve the problem by adding the soil with sand. The addition of sand is also indispensable for the well growth and activity of bacteria in the bioremediation process. This study aims to evaluate the addition of sand on bioremediation of a clay textured soil contaminated with crude oil using biopile technique at pilot scale of 2 tons capacity. The results showed a decline of 76% soil TPH concentration, from 4.22% to 1.00%, within 63 days. Total population of bacteria during the bioremediation process ranged from 1.00 x106 to 1.43 x 1011 CFUs.g-1 soil. At the end of the experiment, a loss in the types and content of some easily degrading hydrocarbon substances was observed

Kelembagaan Kemitraan Hulu Hilir untuk Pasokan Air DAS Cidanau, Provinsi Banten

Kemitraan hulu hilir DAS Cidanau telah dibangun sejak tahun 2005 dengan pendekatan pembayaran jasa lingkungan (PJL). Stakeholder yang terlibat adalah PT Krakatau Tirta Industri (KTI) sebagai pemanfaat air baku dari sungai Cidanau untuk tujuan komersil membayar kepada penyedia jasa lingkungan (komunitas petani hutan) di hulu DAS terhadap perannya melakukan konservasi lahan. Komunitas hutan harus mempertahankan tegakan pohon sesuai dengan jumlah dan masa kontrak yang disepakati keduanya. Kemitraan ini difasilitasi oleh Forum Komunikasi DAS Cidanau (FKDC) yang anggotanya terdiri dari para pihak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan kelembagaan kemitraan untuk pasokan air DAS Cidanau. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan analisis data secara umum mengacu pada analisis pengembangan institusi (IAD) yang dikembangkan oleh Ostrom (2008). Informan/responden ditentukan secara sengaja (pur posive sampling) dan penentuan informan kunci dilakukan dengan teknik snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kepemilikan lahan masyarakat yang masuk dalam mekanisme PJL mayoritas adalah hak milik pribadi (private property), dengan mata pencaharian pada umumnya merupakan petani yang menjual hasil tanamannya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Pada periode pertama kontrak (2005-2009) ada dua kelompok yang terputus kontrak dari empat kelompok tani yang menjalin kemitraan, yakni Kelompok Tani Karya Bersama dan Agung Lestari, sedangkan pada periode kedua (2010-2014) ada lima kelompok tani yang menjadi anggota PJL termasuk kelompok tani yang memperpanjang kontrak pada periode pertama yakni Karya Muda II. Untuk mewujudkan kelembagaan kemitraan DAS Cidanau selain pembenahan aturan main, hal penting yang harus dilakukan adalah penguatan kelembagaan FKDC. Agar kinerja pemutusan kontrak pada desa Cibojong dan Kadu Agung tidak terjadi pada kelompok tani lainnya, diperlukan : a) pendekatan individual untuk kelompok tani yang heterogen, b) pembentukan lembaga keuangan alternatif desa, c) adanya peluang penjarangan dengan jumlah dan diameter pohon tertentu, dan d) pengkajian jumlah pembayaran yang diberikan pada petani penyedia jasa lingkungan

Management Allowable Depletion (MAD) Level for Water Use Efficiency of Chili on Typic Kanhapludults at Tamanbogo, Lampung

Water scarcity is the main factor causing crop production decrease and harvest failure in the upland areas. To improve water use efficiency by plants, Management Allowable Depletion (MAD) concept can be applied. MAD is the degree of soil dryness that still lead to optimum crop yied. This research was aimed to: 1) determine a correct MAD-level in order to achieve the optimum water use efficiency and 2) evaluate the effect of irrigation water sources on water use efficiency. The research was carried out on a Typic Kanhapludults at Tamanbogo Experimental station, East Lampung in dry season of 2005. Chili (Capsicum annum) was use as an indicator crop. The size of experimental plot was 5 x 10 m, that was arranged in split-plot design with 3 replications. The treatments were irrigation water sources designed as main plot which consisted of: A1 = ground water A2 = surface water, while MAD-level was designed as sub-plot, which consisted of : I1 = 20% of available water, I2 = 40% of available water, I3 = 60% of available water, I4 = 80% of available water, and I5 = 100% of available water. Irrigation was provided to reach 80, 60, 40, and 20% available water respectively. For the I5 treatment, irrigation was applied every day. The results showed that MAD-level of 60% of available water (I3) with the average of 9.6 mm of irrigation water, applied every three days, gave themost optimum crop yield and water use, thus achieving the highest water use efficiency. The surface irrigation water had a better quality than ground water,leading to a better plant growth, a higher crop yield and a higher water use efficiency than ground wate

Use of AGNPS Model to Estimate Watershed Scaled Erosion

Method of watershed scaled erosion prediction is different from plot scale erosion prediction. The objective of this study was to predict watershed scaled erosion by measuring sediment yield and using Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model. The plot scale experiment was set in randomized block design with 7 treatments i.e combination of ridges and raised beds. In the experiment, surface erosion was measured with soil pan method, watershed scale erosion (sediment yield) by sampling at the outlet. The method of watershed scale prediction were using AGNPS model. The result shows that AGNPS model was applicable to predict Tugu Utara sub watershed erosion (sediment yield) and simulate its land use management. The simulation of AGNPS model, with crop factor of 0.18 and slope length 5 m significantly reduced watershed erosion. This implies that AGNPS model is reliable to predict Tugu Utara sub watershed erosion and the model proves that watershed erosion is different from plot scale erosion

Analisis Curah Hujan dan Debit Model Swat dengan Metode Moving Average di DAS Ciliwung Hulu

Watershed can be regarded as a hydrological system that has a function in transforming rainwater as an input into outputs such as flow and sediment. The transformation of inputs into outputs has specific forms and properties. The transformation involves many processes, including processes occurred on the surface of the land, river basins, in soil and aquifer. This study aimed to apply the SWAT model in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed, asses the effect of average rainfall on 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 10 days of the hydrological characteristics in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed. The correlation coefficient (r) between rainfall and discharge was positive, it indicated that there was an unidirectional relationship between rainfall and discharge in the upstream, midstream and downstream of the watershed. The upper limit ratio of discharge had a downward trend from upstream to downstream, while the lower limit ratio of discharge had an upward trend from upstream to downstream. It showed that the discharge peak in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed from upstream to downstream had a downward trend while the baseflow from upstream to downstream had an upward trend. It showed that the upstream of Ciliwung Hulu Watershed had the highest ratio of discharge peak and baseflow so it needs the soil and water conservations and technical civil measures. The discussion concluded that the SWAT model could be well applied in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed, the most affecting average rainfall on the hydrological characteristics was the average rainfall of 10 days. On average rainfall of 10 days, all components had contributed maximally for river discharge

The Impact of Land Use on Hydrological Characteristics in Kaligarang Watershed

The increasing number of population in Kaligarang watershed will cause population pressure that will have a direct impact on land-use change and in turn will have an impact on watershed hydrological characteristics. Watershed management planning as an integral part of land-use and conservation based development is very important and need to be applied. The aims of this research were to analyze land-use changes in Kaligarang watershed, and the impact of land-use changes on watershed hydrological characteristics in Kaligarang. The results of this research showed that in Kaligarang watershed, there was a decrease in forest area of 2.28% and rice field of 13.96%, an increase in resident area of 2.14%, dry land farming of 5.82% and mixed dry land farming of 10.03%. The decreasing forest area caused an increase in runoff coefficien (CRO= 147.5 – 7.06F), an increase in average daily maximum discharge (Qmax(cms) = 79.33 – 4.23 F) and a decrease in baseflow (BF (cms) = -1.65 + 0.36 F

Land Use Planning of Way Betung Watershed for Sustainable Water Resources Development of Bandar Lampung City

Way Betung watershed is one of the important water resources in Lampung Province and it provides a clean water for Bandar Lampung City through a regional water supply company (PDAM). By the increase of population and economical activities of Bandar Lampung City, the need of clean water also increase, however by the time, the conditions of Way Betung watershed as water resources are declining. Therefore, to improve or to restore WayBetung watershed, a high cost is needed. The research was aimed: (a) to study the effects of Way Betung watershed land use change on the water resources of Bandar Lampung City, (b) to arrange the sustainable development of Way Betung watershed in order to maintain the availability of water resources. The sustainable developments of water resources of Way Betung watershed were arranged in five alternatives/scenarios and each alternative was related toits erosion (USLE method) and its run off volume (SCS method). The results showed that land use changes of Way Betung watershed (1991-2006) were likely to increase daily maximum discharge (Q max), to decrease daily minimum discharge (Q min), to increase fluctuation of river discharge, and to increase yearly run off coeffcient. The best sustainable development of water resources of Way Betung watershed, Lampung Province, was alternative/scenario-4 (forest as 30% of watershed areas + alley cropping in the mix garden). This alternative will decrease erosion to the level lower than tolerable soil loss and also decrease fluctuation of monthly run off