The effect of lactose source on the stickiness of dairy powders : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Bioprocess Engineering

The particle gun provides a valuable method to investigate powder stickiness properties. This method gives reproducible results when used under constant testing conditions and allows the isolation of factors influencing stickiness behaviour such as velocity and angle of impact. The (T-Tg)critical and rate of stickiness development obtained from the particle gun method were functions of the air velocity, angle of impact, powder aw and ambient air conditions. Under constant testing conditions (feed rate of 0.3 g.s -1, air velocity of 20 m.s-1, ambient air at < 50%RH, room temperature and constant powder aw (T-Tg)critical was reproducible within ± 0.8°C while the rate of stickiness development was reproducible within ± 0.45 %deposition/°C. The results obtained from the particle gun were consistently higher than the fluid bed results and can be explained by the different impact time and force experienced by the particles. Particle gun results can successfully be used to predict blockages in cyclones provided the appropriate correction is made for particle impact force and time. Blockage data from Te Rapa D5 indicates that the critical T-Tg where blockages occur in the cyclones is 27°C for SMP. Currently D5 is running satisfactorily for SMP at a T-Tg value of 28°C. Under these operation conditions the cyclone wall temperature results in a T-Tg value of 33°C. the same (T-Tg)critical value predicted by the particle gun for standardised SMP. This implies that the cyclone is operating correctly at the maximum T-Tg value before particles become sticky enough to cause blockage problems. Protein standardisation of milk powder via the addition of milk permeate or lactose solution had no detectable effect on the stickiness characteristics of SMP or WMP as measured by the particle gun or the fluid bed rig. No difference was seen in either the bulk or surface composition of the milk powder. This provides evidence to dispel speculation by operators that permeate standardisation produces a more difficult to handle powder

A Sum-of-Squares Approach to the Analysis of Zeno Stability in Polynomial Hybrid Systems

Hybrid dynamical systems can exhibit many unique phenomena, such as Zeno behavior. Zeno behavior is the occurrence of infinite discrete transitions in finite time. Zeno behavior has been likened to a form of finite-time asymptotic stability, and corresponding Lyapunov theorems have been developed. In this paper, we propose a method to construct Lyapunov functions to prove Zeno stability of compact sets in cyclic hybrid systems with parametric uncertainties in the vector fields, domains and guard sets, and reset maps utilizing sum-of-squares programming. This technique can easily be applied to cyclic hybrid systems without parametric uncertainties as well. Examples illustrating the use of the proposed technique are also provided

EFFECT OF FIELD WORK PRACTICES PERSONAL INFORMATION AND READINESS TO WORK STUDENTS PROGRAM SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ENGINEERING SKILLS CLASS XII ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013 IN SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 BANTUL

This research aimed to determine the effect of job training and job information both individually and collectively toward job readiness skills program students Engineering Software Engineering class XII at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. This research is a kind of ex post facto research using a quantitative approach. The subjects were students of class XII RPL skills program of the school year 2012/2013. Collecting data using questionnaires. Evidence of the validity of instruments tend to be done by expert judgment and empirically using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Evidence of reliability was calculated using statistical software Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Analysis using descriptive statistical techniques and statistical parametric regression testing technique with multiple and simple regression using a 5% significance level. Research results indicate that (1) There is a significant effect of the job training students with job readiness regression line equation Y = 17 460 + 0.545X1, with a correlation coefficient (rX1Y) of 0238 and the effective contribution given 5.9%. (2) There is a significant influence on job readiness job information with the regression line equation Y = 49 487 + 0.291X2, with a correlation coefficient (rx2y) of 0374 and the effective contribution given 14.3%. (3) There is a significant effect of job training and job information for job readiness together with the regression line equation Y = 0.296 + 0.569X1 0298 + X2, with a correlation coefficient (RX1X2Y) by 0449 and double the effective contribution given together -at 20.2%, while the remaining 79.8% is explained by other variables not examined. Keywords: Field Work Practices, Information Work, work readines

Performance evaluation for ML sequence detection in ISI channels with Gauss Markov Noise

Inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels with data dependent Gauss Markov noise have been used to model read channels in magnetic recording and other data storage systems. The Viterbi algorithm can be adapted for performing maximum likelihood sequence detection in such channels. However, the problem of finding an analytical upper bound on the bit error rate of the Viterbi detector in this case has not been fully investigated. Current techniques rely on an exhaustive enumeration of short error events and determine the BER using a union bound. In this work, we consider a subset of the class of ISI channels with data dependent Gauss-Markov noise. We derive an upper bound on the pairwise error probability (PEP) between the transmitted bit sequence and the decoded bit sequence that can be expressed as a product of functions depending on current and previous states in the (incorrect) decoded sequence and the (correct) transmitted sequence. In general, the PEP is asymmetric. The average BER over all possible bit sequences is then determined using a pairwise state diagram. Simulations results which corroborate the analysis of upper bound, demonstrate that analytic bound on BER is tight in high SNR regime. In the high SNR regime, our proposed upper bound obviates the need for computationally expensive simulation.Comment: This paper will appear in GlobeCom 201

After Four Years

In this creative work, I would like to highlight marriage problems in Indonesia that is faced by people from two different generation through a theatre play. In my script, there is a mother and a daughter as representatives of two different generation. The marriage problem is faced by the daughter, and the mother tries to give solutions based on her own knowledge and values. This creative work focuses on the difference of how the mother and the daughter respond to the marriage problem. I would also point out about how generational gap problem affects the way the mother and the daughter respond to the marriage problems. To put this issue into a form of entertainment, I decided to make a drama play which type of genre is almost similar to our real life