4,167 research outputs found
Analysis of decentralized resource and service discovery mechanisms in wireless multi-hop networks
Chern-Simons theory of multi-component quantum Hall systems
The Chern-Simons approach has been widely used to explain fractional quantum
Hall states in the framework of trial wave functions. In the present paper, we
generalise the concept of Chern-Simons transformations to systems with any
number of components (spin or pseudospin degrees of freedom), extending earlier
results for systems with one or two components. We treat the density
fluctuations by adding auxiliary gauge fields and appropriate constraints. The
Hamiltonian is quadratic in these fields and hence can be treated as a harmonic
oscillator Hamiltonian, with a ground state that is connected to the Halperin
wave functions through the plasma analogy. We investigate several conditions on
the coefficients of the Chern-Simons transformation and on the filling factors
under which our model is valid. Furthermore, we discuss several singular cases,
associated with symmetric states.Comment: 11 pages, shortened version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Classical Dynamics of Anyons and the Quantum Spectrum
In this paper we show that (a) all the known exact solutions of the problem
of N-anyons in oscillator potential precisely arise from the collective degrees
of freedom, (b) the system is pseudo-integrable ala Richens and Berry. We
conclude that the exact solutions are trivial thermodynamically as well as
dynamically.Comment: 19 pages, ReVTeX, IMSc/93/0
Road traffic injuries to children during the school commute in Hyderabad, India: cross-sectional survey.
BACKGROUND: India is motorising rapidly. With increasing motorisation, road traffic injuries are predicted to increase. A third of a billion children travel to school every day in India, but little is known about children's safety during the school commute. We investigated road traffic injury to children during school journeys. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Hyderabad using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. We used school travel questionnaires to record any road injury in the past 12 months that resulted in at least 1 day of school missed or required treatment by a doctor or nurse. We estimated the prevalence of road injury by usual mode of travel and distance to school. RESULTS: The total sample was 5842 children, of whom 5789 (99.1%) children answered the question on road injury. The overall prevalence of self-reported road injury in the last 12 months during school journeys was 17% (95% CI 12.9% to 21.7%). A higher proportion of boys (25%) reported a road injury than girls (11%). There was a strong association between road injury, travel mode and distance to school. Children who cycled to school were more likely to be injured compared with children who walked (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0). Travel by school bus was safer than walking (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: A sixth of the children reported a road traffic injury in the past 12 months during school journeys in Hyderabad. Injury prevention interventions should focus on making walking and cycling safer for children
Diamagnetic persistent currents for electrons in ballistic billiards subject to a point flux
We study the persistent current of noninteracting electrons subject to a
pointlike magnetic flux in the simply connected chaotic Robnik-Berry quantum
billiard, and also in an annular analog thereof. For the simply connected
billiard we find a large diamagnetic contribution to the persistent current at
small flux, which is independent of the flux and is proportional to the number
of electrons (or equivalently the density since we keep the area fixed). The
size of this diamagnetic contribution is much larger than mesoscopic
fluctuations in the persistent current in the simply connected billiard, and
can ultimately be traced to the response of the angular momentum levels
(neglected in semiclassical expansions) on the unit disk to a pointlike flux at
its center. The same behavior is observed for the annular billiard when the
inner radius is much smaller than the outer one, while the usual fluctuating
persistent current and Anderson-like localization due to boundary scattering
are seen when the annulus tends to a one-dimensional ring. We explore the
conditions for the observability of this phenomenon.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures; added references for section
Exactly solvable toy models of unconventional magnetic alloys: Bethe Ansatz versus Renormalization Group method
We propose toy models of unconventional magnetic alloys, in which the density
of band states, , and hybridization, , are energy
dependent; it is assumed, however, that
, and hence an effective
electron-impurity coupling is
energy independent. In the renormalization group approach, the physics of the
system is assumed to be governed by only rather than by
separate forms of and . However, an exact Bethe
Ansatz solution of the toy Anderson model demonstrates a crucial role of a form
of inverse band dispersion .Comment: A final version. A previous one has been sent to Archive because of
my technical mistake. Sorr
One-Dimensional Theory of the Quantum Hall System
We consider the lowest Landau level on a torus as a function of its
circumference . When , the ground state at general rational
filling fraction is a crystal with a gap--a Tao-Thouless state. For filling
fractions , these states are the limits of Laughlin's or Jain's
wave functions describing the gapped quantum Hall states when .
For the half-filled Landau level, there is a transition to a Fermi sea of
non-interacting neutral dipoles, or rather to a Luttinger liquid modification
thereof, at magnetic lengths. This state is a version of the
Rezayi-Read state, and develops continuously into the state that is believed to
describe the observed metallic phase as . Furthermore, the
effective Landau level structure that emerges within the lowest Landau level
follows from the magnetic symmetries.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Finite Temperature Magnetism in Fractional Quantum Hall Systems: Composite Fermion Hartree-Fock and Beyond
Using the Hamiltonian formulation of Composite Fermions developed recently,
the temperature dependence of the spin polarization is computed for the
translationally invariant fractional quantum Hall states at and
in two steps. In the first step, the effect of particle-hole
excitations on the spin polarization is computed in a Composite Fermion
Hartree-Fock approximation. The computed magnetization for lies above
the experimental results for intermediate temperatures indicating the
importance of long wavelength spin fluctuations which are not correctly treated
in Hartree-Fock. In the second step, spin fluctuations beyond Hartree-Fock are
included for by mapping the problem on to the coarse-grained
continuum quantum ferromagnet. The parameters of the effective continuum
quantum ferromagnet description are extracted from the preceding Hartree-Fock
analysis. After the inclusion of spin fluctuations in a large-N approach, the
results for the finite-temperature spin polarization are in quite good
agreement with the experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 8 eps figures. Two references adde
On supersymmetry breaking in string theory from gauge theory in a throat
We embed the supersymmetry breaking mechanism in N=1 SQCD of hep-th/0602239
in a smooth superstring theory using D-branes in the background R^4 \times
SL(2)_{k=1}/U(1) which smoothly captures the throat region of an intersecting
NS5-brane configuration. A controllable deformation of the supersymmetric
branes gives rise to the mass deformation of the magnetic SQCD theory on the
branes. The consequent instability on the open string worldsheet can be
followed onto a stable non-supersymmetric configuration of D-branes which
realize the metastable vacuum configuration in the field theory. The new brane
configuration is shown to backreact onto the background such as to produce
different boundary conditions for the string fields in the radial direction
compared to the supersymmetric configuration. In the string theory, this is
interpreted to mean that the supersymmetry breaking is explicit rather than
spontaneous.Comment: 29 pages, harvmac, 8 figures; v2 typos corrected, reference adde
Tree-Level Stability Without Spacetime Fermions: Novel Examples in String Theory
Is perturbative stability intimately tied with the existence of spacetime
fermions in string theory in more than two dimensions? Type 0'B string theory
in ten-dimensional flat space is a rare example of a non-tachyonic,
non-supersymmetric string theory with a purely bosonic closed string spectrum.
However, all known type 0' constructions exhibit massless NSNS tadpoles
signaling the fact that we are not expanding around a true vacuum of the
theory. In this note, we are searching for perturbatively stable examples of
type 0' string theory without massless tadpoles in backgrounds with a spatially
varying dilaton. We present two examples with this property in non-critical
string theories that exhibit four- and six-dimensional Poincare invariance. We
discuss the D-branes that can be embedded in this context and the type of gauge
theories that can be constructed in this manner. We also comment on the
embedding of these non-critical models in critical string theories and their
holographic (Little String Theory) interpretation and propose a general
conjecture for the role of asymptotic supersymmetry in perturbative string
theory.Comment: harvmac, 29 pages; v2 minor changes, version to appear in JHE
- …