KONSERVASI GENETIK IKAN BETOK (Anabas testudineus Bloch 1792) DI PERAIRAN RAWA, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan sample ikan betok (Anabas testudineus Bloch 1972) yang berasal dari perairan rawa Kalimantan Selatan, dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keragaman  genetik dan aspek konservasinya dengan metode amplifikasi mtDNA. Proses amplifikasi mtDNA ikan betok terjadi di daerah D Loop.  Hasil analisis mt-DNA D Loop ikan betok menunjukkan bahwa, analisis keseimbangan populasi Hardy-Weinberg  berkisar antara 0,02 - 0,09, sedangkan haplotipe tertinggi terdapat pada rawa monoton (0,9384), kemudian tadah hujan (0,7111) dan pasang surut (0,6).  Heterozigositas ditemukan unik pada populasi rawa monoton (BAAAA) dan rawa pasang surut (BAACA) dan umum di temukan di ketiga ekosistem rawa (AAABA).  Ikan betok di bagi menjadi dua stok populasi yaitu populasi rawa monoton dan pasang surut serta stok tadah hujan.  Konsep utama dalam konservasi genetik adalah fitness population dimana populasi dipertahankan minimal 500 ekor/kawasan. Untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik ikan betok, dilakukan dengan cara introduksi individu-individu baru yang memiliki keragaman genetik yang lebih tinggi kedalam populasi lokal, restocking dan membuat kawasan suaka yang dilindungi oleh Dinas Perikanan setempat bersama-sama dengan masyarakat di sekitar perairan rawa tersebut. The research was conducted using climbing perch samples originated from the swampy waters of the southern Borneo, and the objektive of this study to investigate the genetic diversity and the conservation aspect using mtDNA amplification method.  mtDNA amplification process occurs in the D Loop region.  The results of the analysis of D-Loop mtDNA of climbing perch showed that, the analysis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population ranged from 0.02 to 0.09, while the highest haplotypes found in swamp bogs (monotonic) (0.9384) then rainfed (0.7111) and tides (0.6). Heterozygosity was found uniquely in the swamp monotonic population (BAAAA) and marsh tides (BAACA) and common in all three ecosystems found in the swampy area (AAABA) . Climbing perch stock divided into two populations monotone and tidal swamp population and rainfed stock.  The main concept of genetic conservation is the fitness population where the population is maintained at least 500 tail/region.  To increase the genetic diversity of climbing perch, can be done by the introduction of new individuals wich has a higher genetic diversity into the local population, restocking and create reserves of protected areas by the Local Fisheries Authority together with the community around the swampy waters

Root-induced Changes in the Rhizosphere of Extreme High Yield Tropical Rice: 1. Soil Chemical Properties

Root-induced Changes in the Rhizosphere of Extreme High Yield Tropical Rice: 1. Soil Chemical Properties     (E Purnomo,  M Turjaman, A Hairani, A Mursyid, D Choiron, R Yulia and M Osaki): Padi Panjang cultivar is one of many local rice cultivars found in South Kalimantan that yields 8 Mg ha-1 without fertilizer after last transplanting. The mechanisms involved in sustaining nutrient supply to sustain the extreme high yield are of interest. The following work aims to investigate the changes of soil chemical properties in rizhosphere of Padi Panjang cultivar. The Padi Panjang cultivar was grown in a rhizobox filled with soils from 3 different villages in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province, namely, Kuin, Bunipah and Guntung Papuyu. The rice plant was grown for 5 weeks. At the end of the growing period, soil chemical properties such as pH, aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3-) were measured. The results showed that Padi Panjang cultivar had the capability to change the soil chemical properties in the rhizophere. The impact was more extent compared with IR64 cultivar. The changes were depended on soil character, especially, soil texture. The soil from Guntung Papuyu was the least affected by root. It was observed that Padi Panjang cultivar acidified more than IR64. A depletion zone of K+ and NH4+ was found in the rhizosphere of both Padi Panjang and IR64 cultivars. The depletion zone of these ions could reach as far as 3 cm from the rhizosphere. For P, the depletion zone only occurred in the rhizosphere soil of IR64 cultivar. However, for Padi Panjang cultivar, the depletion zone of P did not exist. The Padi Panjang cultivar was able to maintain P concentration the same as or higher than control soil without plant. This is the first report showing that Padi Panjang cultivar can be considered as efficient lowland rice cultivar in absorbing not only P but also K in a P- and K-deficient-soil

JENIS PAKAN ALAMI LARVA IKAN BETOK (Anabas testudineus Bloch) DI PERAIRAN RAWA MONOTON DANAU BANGKAU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Usaha pembenihan ikan merupakan alternatif pemecahan masalah untuk mengatasi kesenjangan antara ketersediaan dan kebutuhan benih dalam budidaya ikan. Keberhasilan usaha pembesaran ikan betok dibatasi oleh tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva bagi pertumbuhan dan jenis pakan alami larva ikan di habitatnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan kelimpahan pakan alami yang dikonsumsi larva ikan betok di perairan rawa monoton Danau Bangkau Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2011-Januari 2012. Pengambilan sampel pakan dan larva dilakukan pada dua tempat yang berbeda pada kedalaman 30 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis plankton yang dikonsumsi oleh larva ikan betok berubah sesuai dengan ukuran bukaan mulut ikan dan kelimpahan plankton di perairan. Jenis plakton dominan yang dimakan oleh larva betok yaitu Mougeotia sp. 265 sel/L diikuti oleh Coconeis sp. 246 sel/L, Keratella sp. 174 sel/L, Chlorococcum sp. 110 sel/L, Brachionus sp. 98 sel/L, dan Navicula sp. 47 sel/L. Jenis plakton dominan yang dimakan berubah sesuai dengan umur larva.   Business seeding fish an alternative problem-solving to overcome the gap between availability and needs seeds. The success of the business of enlargement climbing fish bounded by the degree of continuity larvæ live for growth and a kind of natural fish larvae feed on their habitat. The purpose of this research was to know the type of plankton that were consumed by climbing perch fish larvae in the waters of the monotonous swamp of Danau Bangkau. The research was conducted from December, 2011- January, 2012. The sample feed and larvæ carried on two different places at the depth of 30 cm. The result showed plankton species consumed by climbing fish larvae change according to size openings mouth fish and abundance plankton in waters. A kind of plankton dominant which are eaten by the climbing larvæ  namely Mougeotia sp. 265 cells/L followed by Coconeis sp. 246 cells/L, Keratella sp. 174 cells/L, Chlorococcum sp. 110 cells/L, Brachionus sp. 98 cells/L, and Navicula sp. 47 cells/L. A kind of plankton dominant eaten changed in accordance with the age of larvæ

Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Agroekowisata untuk Pelestarian Fungsi Waduk Jaro

       In order that Waduk Jaro remain stable, but economically produce, including through tourism approach agroecototurism.  Cultivation are including the vast landscape of green as the most attractive mountains, and waterfalls spewing water and the most attractive. This research is kind or survey research using multistage sampling, where is society of sub district Jaro, district Tabalong, South Borneo Province selected with purposive sampling, from nine vilage chossing three village with reservoir location on three village (Nalui, Jaro and Garagata) taking sample at those three village using simple random sampling, where is respondence who will be chosen is head of family and visitor or tourist taking with accidental sampling, that is technique taking sample accidentally with  interviewing visitor or tourist who come to location Waduk Jaro. The result shows that the perception of society which living around Waduk Jaro shows 93,6% respondence says agree that Waduk Jaro becoming tourist destination, 4,3% disagreed and 11,1%claimed not to know and 1,0% did not comment. From 94 respondence who interview, 89,4% says agree if forms of tourism which developing is agroecotourism, 5,3% says do not agree, 2% says do not know and 3,2% do not comment. Respondence from visitor or tourist society who visiting to Waduk Jaro, 98,3% agree becoming object tourism and 1,7% do not agree. And than 95,0% agree about forms of tourism which developing is agroecotourism, 3,3% did not agree and 1,7% not commen

Root-induced Changes in the Rhizosphere of Extreme High Yield Tropical Rice: 1. Soil Chemical Properties

Padi Panjang cultivar isone of many local rice cultivars found in South Kalimantan that yields 8 Mg ha-1 without fertilizer after last transplanting.The mechanisms involved in sustaining nutrient supply to sustain the extreme high yield are of interest. The followingwork aims to investigate the changes of soil chemical properties in rizhosphere of Padi Panjang cultivar. The PadiPanjang cultivar was grown in a rhizobox filled with soils from 3 different villages in Banjar Regency, South KalimantanProvince, namely, Kuin, Bunipah and Guntung Papuyu. The rice plant was grown for 5 weeks. At the end of thegrowing period, soil chemical properties such as pH, aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), ammonium(NH4+), and nitrate (NO3-) were measured. The results showed that Padi Panjang cultivar had the capability to changethe soil chemical properties in the rhizophere. The impact was more extent compared with IR64 cultivar. The changeswere depended on soil character, especially, soil texture. The soil from Guntung Papuyu was the least affected byroot. It was observed that Padi Panjang cultivar acidified more than IR64. A depletion zone of K+ and NH4+ was foundin the rhizosphere of both Padi Panjang and IR64 cultivars. The depletion zone of these ions could reach as far as 3cm from the rhizosphere. For P, the depletion zone only occurred in the rhizosphere soil of IR64 cultivar. However,for Padi Panjang cultivar, the depletion zone of P did not exist. The Padi Panjang cultivar was able to maintain P concentrationthe same as or higher than control soil without plant. This is the first report showing that Padi Panjang cultivar can beconsidered as efficient lowland rice cultivar in absorbing not only P but also K in a P- and K-deficient-soi