30 research outputs found
Brief of Amici Curiae Erika R. George and Kali N. Murray in Support of the Association for Molecular Pathology, et al
Amicus ("friend of the court") brief written by Erika George and Kali Murray in support of plaintiffs-appellees, Association for Molecular Pathology, et al (No. 2010-1406)
Constitutional Patent Law: Principles and Institutions
I. Introduction
II. Historical Method and Constitutional Development in Patent Law ... A. Historical Method in Patent Law ... B. Innovative and Social Disruption in Patent Law: A Multivariate Analysis ... 1. Innovative Disruption in the Progressive Era ... 2. Social Disruption in the Progressive Era
III. The Social-Obligation Principle and the Constitutional Regulation of Patents ... A. The Social-Obligation Principle and the Common Law Regulation of Patents ... B. The Language of Obligation in the Constitutional Regulation of Patents ... 1. The Language of Obligation in Contract Law ... 2. The Language of Obligation in Property Law ... a. Its Theoretical Origins ... b. The Social-Obligation Principle and State Regulation ... c. The Social-Obligation Principle as Constitutional Social-Obligation Norm ... C. The Modern Patent Bargain: Synthesizing the Social-Obligation Principle
IV. Constitutional Complexity in the Formation of Modern Patent Law ... A. Constitutional Complexity and Practical Effect in Modern Patent Law ... B. Constitutional Complexity and Theoretical Consequence in Modern Patent Law
V. Conclusio
Brief of Kali N. Murray and Erika R. George as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners
Brief of Amici Curiae ("friend of the court") submitted by Kali N. Murray and Erika R. George in support of petitioners, on petition for a Writ of Certiorari (No. 11-725
The adult galactosemic phenotype
Abstract Background Classic galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder due to galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency. Newborn screening and early treatment do not completely prevent tremor, speech deficits, and diminished IQ in both sexes and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women. Data on how individuals with galactosemia fare as adults will improve our ability to predict disease progression. Methods Thirty-three adults (mean age=32.6±11.7 years; range=18-59) with classic galactosemia, confirmed by genotype and undetectable GALT enzyme activity, were evaluated. Analyses assessed associations among age, genotype, clinical features and laboratory measures. Results The sample included 17 men and 16 women. Subjects exhibited cataracts (21%), low bone density (24%), tremor (46%), ataxia (15%), dysarthria (24%), and apraxia of speech (9%). Subjects reported depression (39%) and anxiety (67%). Mean full scale IQ was 88±20, (range=55-122). All subjects followed a dairy-free diet and 75-80% reported low intake of calcium and vitamin D. Mean height, weight and body mass were within established norms. All female subjects had bee
The adult galactosemic phenotype
BackgroundClassic galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder due to galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency. Newborn screening and early treatment do not completely prevent tremor, speech deficits, and diminished IQ in both sexes and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women. Data on how individuals with galactosemia fare as adults will improve our ability to predict disease progression.MethodsThirty‐three adults (mean age = 32.6 ± 11.7 years; range = 18–59) with classic galactosemia, confirmed by genotype and undetectable GALT enzyme activity, were evaluated. Analyses assessed associations among age, genotype, clinical features and laboratory measures.ResultsThe sample included 17 men and 16 women. Subjects exhibited cataracts (21%), low bone density (24%), tremor (46%), ataxia (15%), dysarthria (24%), and apraxia of speech (9%). Subjects reported depression (39%) and anxiety (67%). Mean full scale IQ was 88 ± 20, (range = 55–122). All subjects followed a dairy‐free diet and 75–80% reported low intake of calcium and vitamin D. Mean height, weight and body mass were within established norms. All female subjects had been diagnosed with POI. One woman and two men had had children. Logistic regression analyses revealed no associations between age, genotype or gender with IQ, tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, apraxia of speech or anxiety. Each 10‐ year increment of age was associated with a twofold increase in odds of depression.ConclusionsTaken together, these data do not support the hypothesis that galactosemia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. However, greater attention to depression, anxiety, and social relationships may relieve the impact of this disorder in adults