564 research outputs found
Unbalanced chemical equations conversion to Mark-up format and representation to vision impaired students
This paper describes a method to represent unbalanced chemical equations to vision impaired students which allows them to navigate through classified data, such as species, elements, quantity numbers at the left and right hand sides of equations, reactants, and products. Then they can find appropriate coefficients and balance chemical equations without involving to mathematical aspects of balancing and remembering a lot of information. The goal of this research was the development of an application which assists vision impaired students enrolled in chemistry course to be able to read chemistry literature containing formulae, chemistry representations of elements, and other aspects of chemistry that has been difficult in the past to present in a way for vision impaired people to understand. Developed application by this research is an open source command line Bash Script application under Linux which accepts an unbalanced chemical equation as an input, processes, classifies information, and represents it as Mark-up format or Alternative Audio Descriptive using Text to Speech
A method to provide high volume transaction outputs accessibility to vision Impaired using layout analysis
The Documents in the financial services, insurance, utilities, and government sectors
typically require a high volume of PDF documents to be generated which are stored for
presentment or archived for legal purposes. As high volume transactional output (HVTO)
demands put increasing pressure on online presentment capabilities, accessibility has become a
growing concern. In particular, access to these files proposes significant challenges when these
documents are presented to visually impaired people using assistive technologies (i.e. screen
readers). Since it is rare that all recipients are prepared to accept electronic delivery of their
documents, a large portion of the documents is still printed as PDFs. In an online billing system,
bills are sent to customers’ email accounts as attached PDF files or HTML links. These bills in the
most cases are neither accessible through assistive technologies nor useable by vision-impaired
customers. This paper provides a method for HVTO documents automatic transformation to an
accessible and navigable Mark-up format such as XML or Digital Accessible Information System
(DAISY)
Practical segmentation methods for logical and geometric layout analysis to Improve scanned PDF accessibility to vision impaired
The use of electronic documents has rapidly increased in recent decades and the PDF is one the
most commonly used electronic document formats. A scanned PDF is an image and does not actually
contain any text. For the vision–impaired user who is dependent upon a screen reader to access this
information, this format is not useful. Thus addressing PDF accessibility through assistive technology
has now become an important concern. PDF layout analysis provides precious formatting information
that supports PDF component classification. This classification facilitates the tag generation. Accurate
tagging produces a searchable and navigable scanned PDF document. This paper describes several
practical segmentation methods which are easy to implement and efficient for PDF layout analysis so
that the scanned PDF document can be navigated or searched using assistive technologies
Density Deconvolution with Normalizing Flows
Density deconvolution is the task of estimating a probability density
function given only noise-corrupted samples. We can fit a Gaussian mixture
model to the underlying density by maximum likelihood if the noise is normally
distributed, but would like to exploit the superior density estimation
performance of normalizing flows and allow for arbitrary noise distributions.
Since both adjustments lead to an intractable likelihood, we resort to
amortized variational inference. We demonstrate some problems involved in this
approach, however, experiments on real data demonstrate that flows can already
out-perform Gaussian mixtures for density deconvolution.Comment: Appearing at the second workshop on Invertible Neural Networks,
Normalizing Flows, and Explicit Likelihood Models (ICML 2020), Virtual
Conference. 8 pages, 6 figures, 5 table
Elite Youth Soccer Players’ Sources and Types of Soccer Confidence
Sport confidence is a psychological characteristic considered vital for youth soccer players to possess. However, only limited research has explored the types and sources of sport confidence important to elite youth performers in professional soccer academies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 academy footballers (aged 10 or 11). Abductive hierarchical content analysis identified types of confidence to include achievement, skill execution, psychological factors, superiority to opposition and tactical awareness. Key sources of confidence identified by players were performance accomplishments, coaching, social support, and preparation. Even though the dimensions reported were similar to previous research, a number of unique sub-themes of confidence sources emerged, including pre-training/competition emotions, coach and team-mate feedback. The results demonstrate the importance of considering maturation levels and context when seeking to understand and develop confidence in youth performers
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