Advertising the Thin Ideal-The Effect on Women

Debate on the thin ideal has been prevalent for many decades, however given the substantial increase in eating disorders and the omnipresent influence of the media the time is now ripe for decisive action in the area of women in advertising. Most research in this area has focused on the psychological impact of the thin ideal. The new research presented in this paper is important as it explores the marketing implications of the portrayal of women in the fashion and cosmetic industry. The success of this industry depends entirely on how receptive consumers are to the images portrayed. This paper explores the effect advertising in the form of television, magazine and billboard media has on the female consumer with regard to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. It is conclusive from the research that respondents believe that there is an association between the advertising of the thin ideal and body dissatisfaction and eating disorders

Motivating the Reluctant 9th Grade Reader in the English Classroom: An Educator\u27s Guide

Reluctant readers need support from all levels of government as well as from the community, parents and educators. Motivating reluctant readers and changing their attitude toward reading in order for students to be successful requires educators to discover the interests, dreams, and goals, of their students. Educators must invest the time and energy needed to view students as whole individuals in order to understand their reading needs, and to utilize best practices in an effort to improve student reading ability. ll

Evaluation and Treatment of Lower Extremity Wounds in a Vascular Surgery Patient Population

Purpose To determine in a population with lower extremity wounds associated with vasculopathy if: (1) previously proposed clinical signs of infection are valid indicators of wound infection; (2) low frequency (22.5 kHz) contact ultrasound debridement (LFCUD) is well tolerated and feasible to apply in a nurse-led vascular wound clinic; (3) healing outcomes are improved for patients receiving LFCUD in comparison to patients receiving usual care (UC). Methods A total of 80 patients were in the study. First, a pilot group of ten patients were followed to determine tolerability, feasibility and wound response of 4 weekly LFCUD treatments. Then 70 patients were randomly allocated into LFCUD plus UC (n= 33), or UC (n = 37). Clinical signs of wound infection were compared to tissue culture and physician evaluation. Outcomes included mean percentage decrease in wound surface area (%WSA), change in wound appearance (revised Photographic Wound Assessment Tool [revPWAT]), and change in pre- to post-treatment pain scores by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results No individual clinical sign was both highly sensitive and specific to indicate infection. The presence of three combined signs yielded the highest positive likelihood ratio (7.2), but absence of signs was uninformative. LFCUD is well tolerated and feasible for nurse-application. After 4 treatments the between-group change in %WSA was not statistically significant. The LFCUD group showed a significant linear trend in WSA reduction with each treatment visit (p = \u3c 0.01), and a significant improvement in wound appearance for the LFCUD group (4.36 revPWAT points, 2.07-6.66, 95% CI, p = 0.01) compared to UC. There was no significant decrease in wound infections between groups. There was a significant decline in VAS pain score of 16.56mm (± 32.5, t(31) = 2.89,p = 0.007, 95% CI) in the LFCUD group but this was not significant in the UC group. There were no treatment-related adverse effects. Conclusions Clinical signs of infection are specific, but inadequately present for screening the vascular population. LFCUD is well tolerated and resulted in superior wound appearance with consistent trending of WSA reduction. It was not determined that LFCUD reduces infection, improves healing times or supports wound closure

Early Onset Marijuana Use and Adult Mental Health

INTRODUCTION: The impact of marijuana use has become a national topic with the increase in state’s legalizing or decriminalizing the use of the drug. To understand the impact this new trend may have on the population, it is necessary to characterize the interaction between marijuana use and health outcomes. Previous research has focused on the acute effects of marijuana on mental health and longitudinal impacts of marijuana use in the adolescent population. However there are no previously published studies on the impact of early onset marijuana use on adult mental health. AIM: This study aims to determine the prevalence of early onset marijuana use and if there is a statically significant association between early onset marijuana use (\u3c14 years old) and increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in adult life. METHODS: This study was conducted using data from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The study population included 41, 285 participants 18 or older at the time of the cross-sectional survey. Adult mental health outcomes were modeled for both early onset marijuana users and non-early onset marijuana users using a multiple logistic regression model to calculate both adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios (AOR’s, OR’s) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the association between early onset marijuana use and negative adult mental health outcomes including serious mental illness, any mental illness and lifetime depressive episodes. RESULTS: This study found that in adults aged 18 and older the prevalence of early onset marijuana use was 8.3%. The prevalence of early onset marijuana use varies by gender, with a prevalence of 5.1(95% CI 4.7-5.2) for males and 3.3(95% CI 3.1-3.5) for females. Early onset marijuana use had a statistically significant association with all three indicators of poor adult mental health. The AOR for early onset marijuana use and serious mental illness was 2.3(95% CI 1.972-2.758). The association between early onset marijuana use and adult depressive episode had an AOR of 2.1(95% CI1.906-2.389). DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that early onset marijuana use is a risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood. Consistent with findings from other nationally representative surveys, the prevalence of early onset marijuana use is higher in males than females. Early onset marijuana use is associated with increased odds of past year serious mental illness and past year any mental illness. This suggests that legislature considering marijuana legalization must also consider policies addressing under age use of the drug. Further longitudinal research is needed to father assess the association between early onset marijuana use and adult mental health

Paterno v. Laser Spine Institute: Did the New York Court of Appeals\u27 Misapplication of Unjustified Policy Fears Lead to A Miscarriage of Justice and the Creation of Inadequate Precedent for the Proper Use of the Empire State’s Long-Arm Statute?

This article discusses CPLR section 302(a)(1) as applied by the New York State Court of Appeals in Paterno v. Laser Spine Institute. The Paterno Court failed to properly apply a statutory jurisdictional analysis by conflating it with a due process inquiry. Also, the Court unnecessarily balanced the interests of the Empire State\u27s citizens in having a forum for access to justice with unjustified policy fears of potential costs to the state from assertions of in personam jurisdiction. Furthermore, the Court\u27s policy focus4 on the protection of medical doctors from lawsuits and the prevention of “floodgate” litigation which would adversely affect the medical profession was not justified by the record and created poor precedent for subsequent judicial application of the state\u27s long-arm statute. This article will examine CPLR section 302(a)(1), under Paterno v. Laser Spine Institute and some of its predecessors, to demonstrate that sometimes overarching policy concerns get in the way of a strict statutory analysis under CPLR section 302(a)(1). We analyze how the Court of Appeals in Paterno conflated the jurisdictional basis and due process analyses and determine that the Court, based on a faulty statutory analysis, erroneously decided that there was no statutory jurisdiction. Our article is divided into six parts. Part II briefly discusses the history of the CPLR and the manner of obtaining jurisdiction through Sections 301 and 302, focusing mainly on long-arm jurisdiction. Part III discusses and analyzes leading cases, which involve the application of CPLR 302 in obtaining personal jurisdiction. Part IV discusses a recent case, Paterno v. Laser Spine Institute, in great detail, and Part V engages in a critical analysis of Paterno with reference to a similar case, Grimaldi v. Guinn. Part VI addresses policy considerations and Part VII concludes with a discussion of how the Paterno Court entangled its jurisdictional analysis and where the Court may be headed with its future application of CPLR section 302(a)(1)

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Ethnic Target Marketing: A Communitarian Ethical Framework in Action

This research project will be designed such that the philosophical metaphors of community, culture and responsibility will be analyzed as they pertain to integrated marketing research. These metaphors will then be placed on top of a theoretical foundation based in communitarian ethics in order to provide a more culturally relevant framework for marketing to United States Hispanics. Lastly, a pedagogy for teaching this framework will be included as an application of the theory. Specifically, in the introduction, the topic, research questions, arguments and thesis will be introduced. Introductory observations will be made on the size and importance of the Hispanic market to marketers, the historical evolution of the Hispanic market in the United States, today\u27s Hispanic consumer, the Hispanic marketplace, the importance of Hispanic culture and la familia, the departure from marketing driven target marketing practices to a more IMC driven approach that privileges responsibility, relationship, community, and trust and then a proposal of the research to follow

The Varieties of Christmas Magic: An ethnography of festivity, identity, and worldview in British life

In the context of contemporary Britain, ‘Christmas’ has become synonymous with a distinctively hope-saturated world of utopian enchantment and vitality. It is the contention of this thesis that the set of ritual practices and corresponding moods wrapped up in the annual performance of this festive occasion have come to hold an ‘active mirror’ (Turner 1982) up to the very root of our hopes, fears, values, desires, disappointments, ideals, and beliefs. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the North East of England from 2016-2019, this study seeks to delve into the complexity of this emotional matrix to explore what the world of Christmas might reveal about the nature of religion, culture, value, and belief in Britain today. Observing the ways in which Christmas comes to be performed across a range of public settings and lives, I seek to crosscut the go-to debates which have tended to dominate both colloquial and scholarly discourse around the more classically conceived ‘religious’ vs. ‘secular’ associations of Christmas to cast a broader anthropological lens upon the varieties of transcendence which become so clearly manifest in experiences of the festival, and which find especial resonance in references to the ‘Christmas spirit’ and/or ‘magic’. To this end, I suggest that Christmas not only provides an apt empirical window through which to study a range of diverse contemporary worldviews, beliefs, and attitudes, but constitutes in and of itself an especially prime site of meaning-making in the contemporary world. Considering in particular the manner in which Christmas comes to mark and mirror the key changes and transitions of people’s lives, this study represents to my knowledge one of the very first ethnographic attempts to examine the important role Christmas continues to play as a prime ritual-symbolic platform for the ‘sacralisation’ of contemporary British identities and worldviews (Mol 1976)