Utilisation of Local Penicillium SPP. In Consortium with Bacillus SPP. As Bioremediators for Shrimp Culture

Shrimp aquaculture industry is suffering from severe disease outbreaks, environmental degradation and poor management practices. This project was undertaken to investigate the use of Penicillium isolates as bioremediation consortium with potential Bacillus spp. for economical and environmental-friendly clean-up of shrimp culture tank water, maintenance of good water quality, biocontrol against pathogenic vibrios and enhancement of shrimp production in shrimp hatchery with zero water exchange. Two potential Penicillium spp. S6 and S48 were originally isolated from sediment samples. S6 was collected from Sungai Dina while S48 was collected from Teluk Adang, Johor. The Penicillium isolates were identified up to genus level based on colony morphology and were coded as Penicillium sp. S6 and Penicillium sp. S48. The Penicillium species S6 and S48 showed no inhibitory effect towards B. pumilus, B. subtilis and B. licheniformis and no mycotoxins were detected when the isolates were run on thin-layer chromatography against vomitoxin, aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 standard. The S6 colony produced amylase enzymes while S48 produced four types of major extracellular enzymes viz., amylase, protease, lipase and gelatinase. In a preliminary biocontrol experiment using disc diffusion methods, S6 showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogenic vibrios tested. Both potential isolates passed the non-pathogenicity test against shrimp postlarvae (PL15). Preliminary ammonia reduction experiment showed that S6 in its mycelial form and S48 in the spore forms reduced the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration better in the flasks. A cocktail of microorganisms containing S6 and S48 could reduce ammonia significantly than other cocktails when combination of Penicillium spp. (S6 andS48) and Bacillus spp. was tested. Results revealed that a microorganism cocktail containing S6 reduced ammonia significantly higher (p<0.05) than other combination of isolates. Hatchery tanks containing PL 15 to 36 grown for 3 weeks and treated with combination of Penicillium spp. (S6 and S48) showed the highest survival rate (41.17%) compared to other treatments. The TAN concentration of the hatchery tank treated with a combination of Penicillium spp. (S6 and S48) with final concentration of 0.721 mgl-1 and tanks treated with Penicillium sp. S6 (final concentration 0.829 mgl-1) also showed significant reduction of TAN compared to control tanks (final concentration 2.153 mgl-1 ), at 21 days of growth. The PL grown in Penicillium sp. S6 tanks and microorganism cocktail tanks (Penicillium spp. and Bacillus spp.) showed better stress tolerance (90%) compared to other treatments and control tanks (67%). Vibrio counts were significantly lower in tanks treated with Bacillus spp. (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. In addition, the vibrio counts for tanks treated with Penicillium sp. S6 also shown significant reduction (p<0.05) and good specific growth rate (15.32%) compared to the control (11.41%). Results showed that selected Penicillium spp. satisfied the criteria to qualify as bioremediation agent in marine shrimp culture

Children educare center system

Educational website is website that provides education info either for student or others people. Most of educational websites in Malaysia just provide infonnation about institute itself as a platfonn to promote their institute. They do not provide other features such as online registration, profile infonnation, download and so on. Other than that, there are not many educational websites that implemented Islamic elements in them. Therefore, this chapter presents a new interactive educational website called Children Educare Center System, by implementing Islamic environment like the following existing websites; Genius Aulad, Tadika Atfal and Tadika Bijak. It is hoped that this chapter can assist readers in viewing educational website as a more useful platfonn rather than just giving infonnation, Insha Alla

Gut content, feeding behavior, and gut microbiome of Pangasius nasutus (Bleeker, 1863) in natural habitat and captivity environment: A review

Pangasius nasutus is a freshwater fish that has become one of the major economic sources for fish farmers in Pahang River, Malaysia. Effective aquaculture and conservation P. nasutus depends on the understanding of their gut composition, feeding habits, and gut microbiome. Pangasius nasutus in their natural habitat mostly consume a variety of food sources, including zooplankton, aquatic insects, and crustaceans. The advances in metagenomic sequencing technologies have made it possible to examine gut bacteria by examining hypervariable areas of 16S rDNA for prokaryotes and 18S for eukaryotes through cloning and transferring biologically produced DNA into a bacterial host.  In recent times, significant attention has been directed towards nutritional manipulation and the modification of gut microbiota to align with the requirements of aquaculture, all the while aiming to preserve the health and welfare of the host. This paper intends to review the gut content and feeding behavior of Pangasius sp. that will be contributed to the local fish farmer for their breeding and production of high-quality P. nasutus in a short period of time

Developments of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic for bacterial diseases control in aquaculture

In the recent decades, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in aquatic organism have been one of the major interesting research subjects due to their various existence strains in fish microbiota. Moreover, LABs are sometimes abundant in the intestine of several fish species. Many recent papers indicated that several LAB strains are harmless and have been reported for beneficial effects on fish health. There was also converging evidence that led us for more research and findings regarding LAB as a promising probiotics in aquaculture. This article provides an overview of the variability of LAB in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish and the development of this species as probiotics. LAB was known able to colonise the gut, and has antagonistic activity against some fish pathogens. This harmless bactreriocin-producing strain may confer benefits in increasing disease resistance, improving nutrient digestibility and growth of the host animals. In addition, these strains may reduce the need of antibiotics usage in future aquaculture industry

Implementasi Jadwal Retensi Arsip (JRA) pada Pusat Arsip Universitas Terbuka(Kajian Implementasi JRA pada Unit FKIP, FEKON, FMIPA, FISIP, LPBAUSI dan LPPM Universitas Terbuka)

Jadwal retensi arsip (JRA) merupakan langkah konkret bagi sebuah institusi untuk mengefisienkan volume arsip. Langkah JRA yang dilakukan oleh institusi merupakan strategi untuk mengelola arsip institusi secara efisien, melalui JRA volume arsip yang ada pada institusi dapat dikenali kategori arsip aktif, inaktif dan statis. Penelitian dengan judul lmplementasi Jadwal Retensi Arsip (JRA) pada Pusat Arsip-UT ( terdiri dari unit : Fakultas (FKIP,FMIPA,FISIP,FEKON), LPBAUSI , LPPM, Barjas). Merupakan langkah awal untuk menyusun draft jadwal retensi arsip yang dapat diberlakukan di UT pusat maupun UPBJJ. Dengan menggunakan langkah survey arsip, analisis fungsi organisasi teridentifikasi bahwa jadwal retensi arsip dikategorikan menjadi dua : jadwal retensi fasilitatif dan jadwal retensi substantive. Untuk jadwal retensi fasilitatif diukur berdasarkan analisa nilai guna arsip dari segi hukum, informasi produk, sejarah/penelitian serta acuan yang dikeluarkan oleh departemen keuangan dan Arsip Nasional (ANRI). Untuk jadwal retensi substantive didasarkan pada analisa fungsi organisasi dan nilai guna arsip. Dari 2500 arsip sebagai sampel teridentifikasi 750 arsip fasilitatif . 1250 arsip substantive. Dari sejumlah arsip arsip fasilitatif ieridentifikasi subjek : keuangan, kepegawaian, hukum, organisasi dan tata kerja,kehumasan, perlengkapan. Untuk arsip substantive teridentifikasi : akademik, kemahasiswaan,permintaan bahan ajar, pegiriman bahan ajar, DO bahan ajar pendas, DO bahan ajar non pend as master BMP, bah an ajar non cetak, laporan hasil riset, pekerti. Format jadwal retensi arsip selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai penataan arsip institusi UT secara menyeluruh

The application of garlic (Allium sativum) peel on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection

This study aim to investigate the efficacy of dietary doses of garlic (Allium sativum) peel on disease resistance and the duration of protection of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. African catfish juveniles were fed twice daily for 4 weeks with 20 gkg-1 of garlic peels incorporated into fish formulated diet. Meanwhile 0 g of peels was served as control. After 4 weeks of post feeding, 15 fish were randomly selected for challenge with 108 cell/mL of A. hydrophila. During the challenge the fish were not fed with dietary of garlic. The duration of protection was observed at 7, 14 and 21 days following infection. The results demonstrated that dietary garlic peels provided protection toward African catfish against A. hydrophila after 14 days post feeding and slightly reduced protection after 21 days of post feeding. Significantly higher survival rate were recorded in dietary garlic peels (66%, 86% and 42%) when compared with the control. The result indicated that garlic peels able to enhance disease resistant of African catfish towards A. hydrophila infection

Antibacterial activity of garlic extracts on fish pathogenic bacteria

Aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium sativum (clove and peel) were investigated for its in vitro antibacterial properties against four marine pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi. Antibacterial activity of different concentrations of aqueous and methanol garlic extracts were evaluated based on the inhibition zone using disc-diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The aqueous extract of A. sativum (clove and peel) had no antibacterial effect against the pathogenic bacteria tested whereas the clove extract of methanol had inhibitory effects on the growth of all pathogenic bacteria tested. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in A. hydrophila and the minimum was observed in V. anguillarum and V. harveyi. The MIC and MBC values revealed that A. hydrophila was able to be inhibited by supernatant extract of clove at lower concentration (0.6 mg/ml) while other pathogens are inhibited at slightly higher concentration. This study suggests that clove extract of A. sativum has the potential to be used as phytobiotics in controlling the growth of marine pathogens

Evaluation of potential bacteria isolated from marine shellfish as probiotic for Penaeus monodon larviculture against pathogenic Vibrio harveyi

Probiotics have been widely used as an alternative treatment in aquaculture. This study was carried out to determine the ability of two potential probionts; Bacillus strain I24 and Exiguobacterium strain S66 in producing biofilm and reducing hemolysin production in two Vibriosp;Vibrio alginolyticusand Vibrio harveyi.Biofilm assay was carried out to determine the ability of the potential probionts in producing biofilm; a slimy compound that facilitates bacterial attachment. Results showed that all potential probionts able to produce biofilm. Potential probionts started to produce high biofilm formation at 40 hr. For probiont S66, the highest production was recorded at 60 hr, and started to decrease at 70 hr. Meanwhile for potential probiont I24, increased of biofilm formation started at 30 hr until 70 hr. Furthermore, V. harveyi and V. alginolyticushad lower biofilm formation compared with the potential probionts. Thus, results indicated that potential probionts S66 and I24 possibly able to compete with pathogen for adhesion sites hence colonize the host. Hemolysin assay was carried out to determine the ability of potential probionts in reducing hemolysin production that caused hemolysis, which was one of the virulence factor in Vibriosp.. Incubation of potential probionts and pathogen showed no reduction in hemolysin production

Extracellular enzyme production of Probiotic Bacillus JAQ04 and Micrococcus JAQ07 isolated from tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

Tiger grouper has been identified as a good market price and most desired in the live fish trade market species especially in Southeast Asia region. However, intensive grouper aquaculture often triggering diseases by bacteria pathogen that leads to infectious diseases. Thus, to hinder this infectious disease, promising probiotic bacteria successfully isolated from intestine Tiger grouper juvenile. Previous studies showed that this bacterium has been shown to produce antibacterial activity against pathogenic marine bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus. Thus, this study aims to further identify the characteristic of Probiotic Bacillus JAQ04 and Micrococcus JAQ07 in-vitro. In this study the bacteria were screened for their extracellular enzyme production of protease, amylase and lipase. These bacteria may play a role in inhibiting the pathogen by production of extracellular enzyme and improve the feed digestion. The enzymes were shown positive for protease, amylase and lipase which exhibit the clear zone on skim milk agar, starch agar and spirit blue agar. However, in vivo study needs to be done to further confirm the enzymatic activity of the isolates in inhibiting of pathogen and improve feed digestion