Las percepciones del clima escolar por directivos, docentes y alumnado mediante el empleo de «redes semánticas naturales». Su importancia en la gestión de los centros educativos

Given the high indicators of various reported investigations with regard to stress and teacher illness, and acknowledging the official indicators that position the teaching profession as a profession of risk to the mental health, the present investigation assumes the objectives to investigate into the perceptions of the current state of the educational climate, and into the elements constituting obstacles of the same in changes times. Methodologically the investigation, at the phase which is described in this article, possesses a qualitative-quantitative design, with the use of 'natural semantic networks' in 189 subjects of establishments of several educational institutions from Temuco (Chile). Among the results we found that teachers and directors preponderantly relate the educational climate with interpersonal relations in the center, while students relate it exclusively to the learning contexts. Subsequently we found revealing findings between those obstacles of the educational climate, where an institutional level of the actors showed an evidence of greater semantic weight of the communication problems and the leadership style. Also, they recognized elements such as envy, intolerance, selfishness, rumors, irresponsibility, as obstacles of the person itself, elements related as much to the person of the teacher as well as the professional role. This evidences that when the educational climate is intervened these two dimensions must be addressed, without forgetting other aspects linked to the tension areas, especially the characteristics of the dynamic relationship among colleagues.Dados los altos índices que diversas investigaciones reflejan respecto al estrés y malestar docente, y reconociendo los indicadores oficiales que posicionan a la profesión docente como una profesión de riesgo para la salud mental, la presente investigación asume el objetivo de indagar en las percepciones del estado actual del clima escolar, y en los elementos obstaculizadores de éste, en tiempos de cambios complejos como los que estamos viviendo. Metodológicamente la investigación, en la fase que se describe en este artículo, posee un diseño cualitativo-cuantitativo, con empleo de «redes semánticas naturales» en 189 sujetos pertenecientes a instituciones educativas, tanto públicas (municipales), como concertadas (subvencionadas) y privadas (particulares), de la ciudad de Temuco (Chile). Entre los resultados más destacados, hemos constatado que docentes y directivos vinculan el clima escolar, mayoritariamente, a las relaciones interpersonales que tienen lugar en el centro, mientras que los alumnos y alumnas lo vinculan exclusivamente a los contextos de aprendizaje. También hemos encontrado hallazgos reveladores entre los obstaculizadores del clima escolar. En este sentido, en el ámbito institucional, los actores evidencian con mayor peso semántico los problemas de comunicación y el estilo de liderazgo ejercido. Igualmente, reconocen como obstaculizadores propios de la persona, aspectos como la envidia, la intolerancia, el egoísmo, los rumores y la irresponsabilidad, elementos que se vinculan tanto a la persona del docente, como a su rol profesional. Esto nos hace considerar que para mejorar el clima escolar debemos atender a estas dos dimensiones, sin olvidar los demás aspectos vinculados a los focos de tensión, especialmente las características de la dinámica relacional entre colegas

Joining Time-Resolved Thermometry and Magnetic-Induced Heating in a Single Nanoparticle Unveils Intriguing Thermal Properties

Whereas efficient and sensitive nanoheaters and nanothermometers are demanding tools, in modern bio- and nanomedicine, joining both features in a single nanoparticle still remains a real challenge, despite the recent progress achieved, Most Of it Within the last year. Here we demonstrate a successful realization of this challenge. The heating is magnetically induced, the temperature readout is optical, and the ratiometric thermometric probes are dual-emissive Eu3+/Tb3+ lanthanide complexes. The low thermometer heat capacitance (0.021 center dot K-1) and heater/thermometer resistance (1 K center dot W-1), the high temperature sensitivity (5.8%center dot K-1 at 296 K) and uncertainty (0.5 K), the physiological working temperature range (295-315 K), the readout reproducibility (>99.5%), and the fast time response (0.250 s) make the heater/thermometer nanoplatform proposed here unique. Cells were incubated with the nanoparticles, and fluorescence microscopy permits the mapping of the intracellular local temperature using the pixel-by-pixel ratio of the Eu3+/Tb3+ intensities. Time-resolved thermometry under an ac magnetic field evidences the failure of using Macroscopic thermal parameters to describe heat diffusion at the nanoscale