Media composition affects seed dormancy, apical dominance and phenolic profile of Knautia sarajevensis (Dipsacaceae), Bosnian endemic

Knautia sarajevensis is an endemic plant of the Dinaric Alps and is mainly distributed on Bosnian Mountains. Due to the quite large flower heads and easy maintenance, this plant has a potential use as a substitute ornamental plant for K. arvensis in perennial beds. The current study evaluated the germination process in different treatments in an attempt to suppress dormancy and increase germination rate, and to develop a successful protocol for micropropagation. An over 60% germination rate was achieved through cultivation of seeds on MS basal medium with reduced mineral nutrient composition and the absence of sucrose. On the other hand, a below 10% germination rate was achieved with untreated seeds. Suppression of apical dominance was achieved through application of high concentrations of kinetin, apical shoot decapitation or cultivation of shoots in liquid media. Overall, liquid cultures were more successful as a micropropagation system for this plant. Shoots spontaneously developed roots on multiplication treatments and were successfully acclimatized. Moreover, phenolic compound profile was analysed in the light of the possible medicinal potential of this plant. Variable amounts of total phenolic compounds as well as individual phenolics were recorded, according to treatment and solidification of media. An increase in rosmarinic acid content was reported for kinetin treatments and acclimatized plants comparing to mother plants in natural habitat. The present study shows that choice of cytokinin concentration, explant type as well as culture type influences not only shoot proliferation and apical dominance suppression but also in vitro production of phenolics

Administrative contracts

Hrvatski zakonodavac je pravni institut upravnih ugovora uveo u hrvatskih pravni sustav Zakonom o općem upravnom postupku iz 2009. Iako je u prvim nacrtima prijedloga zakona predviđeno uređenje upravnih ugovora bilo opširnije i područje normiranja je bilo šire, u konačnoj verziji se nije pristupilo takvom uređenju. Zakon o općem upravnom postupku sadržava opće odredbe i zakonsko uređenje upravnih ugovora usklađeno s pravnom tradicijom drugih pravnih sustava europsko-kontinentalnog pravnog kruga dok istovremeno ostavlja prostor za pozitivno-pravno uređenje upravnih ugovora posebnim zakonodavstvom. Autorica u prvom dijelu rada obrađuje pitanja teorijske naravi i njihovo ostvarenje u pozitivno-pravnom uređenju Republike Hrvatske pa sukladno navedenom detaljnije se razrađuju konstitutivni elementi upravnih ugovora, odnosno njihova pravna priroda i obilježja koja u ukupnosti čine neki ugovor upravnim. Također, predmet prvog poglavlja jest uređenje i propisivanje tih elemenata u pozitivno-pravnom uređenju upravnih ugovora u Republici Hrvatskoj. Obzirom da je općim odredbama ostavljena mogućnost uređenja upravnih ugovora posebnim zakonodavstvom autorica rada se u drugom poglavlju rada usmjerila na razrada specifičnih upravnih ugovora koji se mogu pronaći u različitim zakonima. Razrada je usmjerena na ugovore koji su izričito od strane zakonodavca određeni kao upravni, a kao takvi ujedno i sadrže obilježja upravnih ugovora. Obzirom na subjekte i cilj sklapanja upravnih ugovora kao i odgovornost javnopravnih tijela prema građanima, bitan aspekt jest nadzor nad sklapanjem i izvršavanjem istih. U trećem poglavlju autorica detaljnije razrađuje različite oblike nadzora nad sklapanjem i izvršavanjem upravnih ugovora čime se ostvaruje holistički pristup autorice koji obuhvaća sve bitne segmente upravnih ugovora i predstavlja cjelokupnu razradu.The Croatian legislator introduced the legal institute of administrative contracts into the Croatian legal system with the General Administrative Procedure Act of 2009. Although in the first drafts the regulation of administrative contracts was more extensive and the area of standardization was wider, in the final version of draft law such regulation was not implemented. The Law on General Administrative Procedure contains general provisions and legal regulation of administrative contracts harmonized with the legal tradition of other legal systems of the European-continental legal tradition, while at the same time leaving room for positive legal regulation of administrative contracts by special legislation. In the first part of the paper, the author deals with issues of a theoretical nature and its realization in the positive legal system of the Republic of Croatia so in accordance with the above, the constitutive elements of administrative contracts are elaborated in more detail way as also its legal nature and characteristics that in general make a contract administrative. Also, the subject of the first chapter is the regulation and implementation of these elements in the positive legal regulation of administrative contracts in the Republic of Croatia. Since the general provisions leave the possibility of regulating administrative contracts with special legislation, the author of the paper, in the second chapter of the paper is focused on the elaboration of specific administrative contracts that can be found in various laws. The elaboration is focused on contracts that are explicitly defined by the legislator as administrative, and as such also contain the characteristics of administrative contracts. Considering the subjects and the goal of concluding administrative contracts, as well as the responsibility of public bodies towards citizens, an important aspect of administrative contracts is the supervision over the conclusion and execution of the same. In the third chapter, the author elaborates in more detail on various forms of supervision over the conclusion and execution of administrative contracts, thus achieving a holistic approach that covers all important segments of administrative contracts and represents the entire elaboration

Administrative contracts

Hrvatski zakonodavac je pravni institut upravnih ugovora uveo u hrvatskih pravni sustav Zakonom o općem upravnom postupku iz 2009. Iako je u prvim nacrtima prijedloga zakona predviđeno uređenje upravnih ugovora bilo opširnije i područje normiranja je bilo šire, u konačnoj verziji se nije pristupilo takvom uređenju. Zakon o općem upravnom postupku sadržava opće odredbe i zakonsko uređenje upravnih ugovora usklađeno s pravnom tradicijom drugih pravnih sustava europsko-kontinentalnog pravnog kruga dok istovremeno ostavlja prostor za pozitivno-pravno uređenje upravnih ugovora posebnim zakonodavstvom. Autorica u prvom dijelu rada obrađuje pitanja teorijske naravi i njihovo ostvarenje u pozitivno-pravnom uređenju Republike Hrvatske pa sukladno navedenom detaljnije se razrađuju konstitutivni elementi upravnih ugovora, odnosno njihova pravna priroda i obilježja koja u ukupnosti čine neki ugovor upravnim. Također, predmet prvog poglavlja jest uređenje i propisivanje tih elemenata u pozitivno-pravnom uređenju upravnih ugovora u Republici Hrvatskoj. Obzirom da je općim odredbama ostavljena mogućnost uređenja upravnih ugovora posebnim zakonodavstvom autorica rada se u drugom poglavlju rada usmjerila na razrada specifičnih upravnih ugovora koji se mogu pronaći u različitim zakonima. Razrada je usmjerena na ugovore koji su izričito od strane zakonodavca određeni kao upravni, a kao takvi ujedno i sadrže obilježja upravnih ugovora. Obzirom na subjekte i cilj sklapanja upravnih ugovora kao i odgovornost javnopravnih tijela prema građanima, bitan aspekt jest nadzor nad sklapanjem i izvršavanjem istih. U trećem poglavlju autorica detaljnije razrađuje različite oblike nadzora nad sklapanjem i izvršavanjem upravnih ugovora čime se ostvaruje holistički pristup autorice koji obuhvaća sve bitne segmente upravnih ugovora i predstavlja cjelokupnu razradu.The Croatian legislator introduced the legal institute of administrative contracts into the Croatian legal system with the General Administrative Procedure Act of 2009. Although in the first drafts the regulation of administrative contracts was more extensive and the area of standardization was wider, in the final version of draft law such regulation was not implemented. The Law on General Administrative Procedure contains general provisions and legal regulation of administrative contracts harmonized with the legal tradition of other legal systems of the European-continental legal tradition, while at the same time leaving room for positive legal regulation of administrative contracts by special legislation. In the first part of the paper, the author deals with issues of a theoretical nature and its realization in the positive legal system of the Republic of Croatia so in accordance with the above, the constitutive elements of administrative contracts are elaborated in more detail way as also its legal nature and characteristics that in general make a contract administrative. Also, the subject of the first chapter is the regulation and implementation of these elements in the positive legal regulation of administrative contracts in the Republic of Croatia. Since the general provisions leave the possibility of regulating administrative contracts with special legislation, the author of the paper, in the second chapter of the paper is focused on the elaboration of specific administrative contracts that can be found in various laws. The elaboration is focused on contracts that are explicitly defined by the legislator as administrative, and as such also contain the characteristics of administrative contracts. Considering the subjects and the goal of concluding administrative contracts, as well as the responsibility of public bodies towards citizens, an important aspect of administrative contracts is the supervision over the conclusion and execution of the same. In the third chapter, the author elaborates in more detail on various forms of supervision over the conclusion and execution of administrative contracts, thus achieving a holistic approach that covers all important segments of administrative contracts and represents the entire elaboration

Molecular Phylogeny and Genome Size in European Lilies (Genus Lilium, Liliaceae)

10 p.[EN] Several European lilies populations representing 10 species belonging to section Liriotypus and section Martagon were studied for molecular phylogeny (27 populations) and DNA amount (24 populations). Different Lilium sections were easily differentiated by ITS and rpS4-trnT-trnL sequences and genome size assessments, while an extremely low genetic differentiation was detected at a subsectional level. Most of the variability concentrates on polymorphic sites that have not reached fixation, which considerably complicates the selection of an adequate analysis method. Geographical and ecological variations of genome size and ITS sequences within species were noticeable for several Lilium representatives.Peer reviewe

Contribution to plant genome size knowledge: first assessments in five genera and 30 species of angiosperms from western Balkans

8 p. -- tablasThe first assessments, done by flow cytometry, of nuclear DNA amount for five genera and 30 species of angiosperms (three monocots, 27 eudicots) from the western Balkan Peninsula, including eight taxa with some degree of endemism to this area, are presented here. These data complement the substantial existing information on plant genome size in this region, now accounting for 670 species and subspecies studied for this character.The authors are grateful for the support received from Ministry of Education and Science of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (project 05-14-4565-1/12), Faculty of Forestry (University of Sarajevo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS,France), the Agència per a la Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR, Catalan government, projects 2012BE100508 and 2009SGR439) and the Dirección General de Investigación (Spanish government, CGL2010-22234-C02/BOS, subprojects 01 and 02). This work has benefited from the facilities and expertise of the Imagif Cell Biology Unit of the Gif Campus (www.imagif.cnrs.fr) which is supported by the Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSA), the FrenchNational Research Agency under Investments for the Future programs "France-BioImaging infrastructure" (ANR-10-INSB-04-01), "Saclay Plant Sciences" (ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS), and the "Conseil "Conseil Général de l'EssonnePeer reviewe

Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of Cotoneaster integerrimus (Rosaceae) from the Balkans

Cotoneaster integerrimus represents a multiploid and facultative apomictic system of widely distributed mountain populations. We used flow cytometry to determine genome size, ploidy level, and reproduction mode variation of the Balkan populations, supplemented by analysis of nuclear microsatellites in order to address: (i) geographic distribution and variation of cytotypes among the populations; (ii) variation of reproduction mode and the frequency of sexuality; (iii) pathways of endosperm formation among the sampled polyploids and their endosperm balance requirements; (iv) genotypic diversity and geographic distribution of clonal lineages of polyploids. The prevalence of apomictic tetraploid cytotype followed by sexual diploids and extremely rare triploids was demonstrated. This prevalence of tetraploids affected the populations’ structure composed from clonal genotypes with varying proportions. The co-occurrence of diploids and tetraploids generated higher cytotype, reproductive mode, and genotypic diversity, but mixed-ploidy sites were extremely rare. The endosperm imbalance facilitates the development and the occurrence of intermediate triploids in mixed-ploidy populations, but also different tetraploid lineages elsewhere with unbalanced endosperm. All these results showed that the South European populations of C. integerrimus have higher levels of cytotype and reproductive diversity compared to the Central European ones. Therefore, the South European populations can be considered as a potential reservoir of regional and global diversity for this species