幼苗期と成熟期のオオムギ系統間における禾穀類アブラムシの密度とグラミン含量の関係

The relationship between the indole alkaloid gramine concentration and aphid population was examined seedling and maturation stages in 14 barley lines of Hordeum spontaneum and H. unlgare. The density of Schizaphis graminum did not differ significantly with the gramine concentration in the seedling in the greenhouse. However, the population of Rhopalosiphum padi sometimes differed with the seedling. The plant resistance to the natural infestation of cereal aphids was obvious at the heading stage. There was a negative correlation between the high population density of aphids and gramine concentration. The gramine concentration was high in matured resistant resistant lines, especially wild lines, as compared with susceptible lines due to higher biodegradation activity.オオムギ（Hordeum spontaneum及びH.vulgare）14系統の幼苗期と成熟期における、アブラムシの密度とインドールアルカロイド化合物であるグラミン含量の関係を調べた。温室内の幼苗では、グラミン含量に関わらずムギミドリアブラムシ（Schizaphis graminum）の寄生密度に有意差は認められなかった。一方、ムギクビレアブラムシ（Rhopalosiphum padi）の密度は、幼苗間で異なる場合もあった。圃場におけるアブラムシの寄生に対して、抵抗性は出穂期に顕著に現れた。アブラムシの寄生密度とグラミン含量の間には負の相関が認められた。成熟期のオオムギでは、グラミンの分解活性の高い感受性系統と比較して、抵抗性系統のグラミン含量は多く、特に野生系統では著しかった

Maximum tsunami height prediction using pressure gauge data by a Gaussian process at Owase in the Kii Peninsula, Japan

We constructed a model to predict the maximum tsunami height by a Gaussian process (GP) that uses pressure gauge data from the Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) in the Nankai trough. We found a greatly improved generalization error of the maximum tsunami height by our prediction model. The error is about one third of that by a previous method, which tends to make larger predictions, especially for large tsunami heights (>10 m). These results indicate that GP enables us to get a more accurate prediction of tsunami height by using pressure gauge data

Reproducibility and Validity of Muscle Strength in Hip Abduction with Flexion While Seated in Older Adults Who Need Nursing Care

Objective: This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the strength of the muscles in hip abduction with flexion while seated (SMHAF-S) in older adults who need nursing care. To achieve this, we examined the reproducibility and validity of a method to measure the SMHAF-S in older adults who need nursing care using a hand-held dynamometer. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 40 older women who needed nursing care in September 2021 and completed the SMHAF-S and underwent quadriceps muscle strength, grip strength, 10-s chair stand test for frail older adults (FCS-10), one-legged stance test (OLST), and timed-up-and-go (TUG) test. The reproducibility of the SMHAF-S was examined by determining the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The validity of the relationship between the SMHAF-S and quadriceps muscle strength and other measurement items was examined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: In this cohort (age 83.6±5.2 years), the reproducibility of the SMHAF-S was excellent (ICC 0.91). Significant correlations were found between the SMHAF-S and quadriceps muscle strength, grip strength, FCS-10, OLST, and TUG test results (pConclusion: The SMHAF-S is a highly reproducible measurement method that reflects lower limb muscle strength and whole-body muscle strength, balance, and walking ability in older adults who need nursing care

A nonlinear parametric model based on a power law relationship for predicting the coastal tsunami height

When a subduction-zone earthquake occurs, the tsunami height must be predicted to cope with the damage generated by the tsunami. Therefore, tsunami height prediction methods have been studied using simulation data acquired by large-scale calculations. In this research, we consider the existence of a nonlinear power law relationship between the water pressure gauge data observed by the Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) and the coastal tsunami height. Using this relationship, we propose a nonlinear parametric model and conduct a prediction experiment to compare the accuracy of the proposed method with those of previous methods and implement particular improvements to the extrapolation accuracy

Relationship Between Orthostatic Blood Pressure Changes and Postural Sway When Standing up from a Chair in Older Adult Females

Background: Orthostatic reductions in blood pressure upon standing are common among the elderly. This orthostatic blood pressure changes may relate to the augmentation of postural sway and may be an important risk factor for falls. Thus, to clarify whether orthostatic blood pressure change on standing up from a chair is relevant to postural sway, we simultaneously measured changes in blood pressure and the movement of a weighted center upon standing. Methods: A total of 63 older adult females were investigated. Blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP] measured in a sitting position were defined as the baseline levels. The movement of center of pressure (COP) was measured using a stable force platform to quantify postural stability. Participants were instructed to stand up from a chair on the platform and maintain an upright position with their eyes open for 40 seconds. Upon standing, the participant\u27s blood pressure and the movement of COP were recorded. Pearson\u27s correlation was performed to determine relationships between the changes in BP and the movement of COP [distance of the movement of COP (LNG), envelopment area traced by the movement of COP (AREA)]. Results: SBP was reduced while maintaining an upright position for 40 seconds (-5.0 ± 8.6 mmHg), but not diastolic BP (0.6 ± 4.3 mmHg). Moreover, the change in SBP showed a negative relationship with LNG (r = -0.43, p < 0.01) and AREA (r = -0.31, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggested that postural change influenced SBP, and that the drop of SBP was associated with augmentation of postural instability in older adult females

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Oral Dysplasia: Diagnostic Assessment by Fascin and Podoplanin Expression

The aim of this study was to investigate fascin and podoplanin expression in oral dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) immunohistochemically, and to evaluate their relationship to histopathological diagnosis based on architectural and cytological features. Fascin and podoplanin expression patterns were analyzed immunohistologically in 26 specimens of oral lesions, including benign disease (hyperplasia, papilloma, and others), intraepithelial neoplasia/borderline disease (dysplasia), and malignant disease (CIS, invasive squamous cell carcinoma). Fascin expression was scored into four original categories, and podoplanin expression was scored into five previously established categories. The relationship between the immunohistochemically determined scores of fascin and podoplanin expression and the architectural and cytological features in the hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides was analyzed statistically. The immunostaining scores for fascin and podoplanin were significantly higher in dysplasia and CIS than in benign disease (p=0.0011, p=0.00036), and they were significantly higher in dysplasia than in benign disease (p=0.0087, p=0.0032). In all cases of invasive SCC, fascin was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells and fascin expression extended from the destruction of the basal layer of the epithelium to the upper layer of the epithelium and podoplanin was expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of the tumor cells. This was the first report of up-regulation of fascin in oral dysplasia. Our results suggest that it would be helpful for improving the diagnostic accuracy of oral dysplasia and CIS to assess the expression of fascin and podoplanin immunohistochemically