Effect of Mitomycin - C and Triamcinolone on Preventing Urethral Strictures

Urethral stricture is a common disease with high recurrence rate. Several manipulations were defined to prevent the recurrence but the results were disappointing. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of triamcinolone and mitomycin-C on urethral stricture formation and their effect on inhibition of urethral fibrosis. A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Urethras of rabbits were traumatized with pediatric resectoscope. Resection area was irrigated with 10mL saline, swapped with a cotton wool soaked with 0.5mg/mL MMC and injected by 40mg triamcinolone in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Retrograde urethrogram was performed at 28th day of procedure and the urethra was removed for histopathologic evaluation. There were significant differences in urethral diameters and in lumen reduction rate between the control and study groups (p< 0.001). Compared to control group, all treatment groups showed mild fibrosis, less collagen bundle irregularity, and lower numbers of fibroblasts (p= 0.003). The Tunnel assay showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the submucosal connective tissue was quantitatively higher in control groups (p= 0.034). In the view of efficacy and safety, MMC and triamcinolone have the potential to replace the use of stents, clean intermittent catheterization, or long term catheters following internal urethrotomy. There were no statistically significant differences between two agents in terms of preventing urethral stricture formation in the present study. Mitomycin C and triamcinolone decreased the recurrence rates of urethral stricture

Motivational Factors Affecting Athletes in Selecting the Sport Branches of Athletics, Ski and Tennis

The aim of this study is to research the motivational factors affecting athletes to select the branches of athletics, ski and tennis. Within the scope of the research, the survey developed by H. Sunay in 1996 was implemented and solution for the problem of the research was searched through the findings that were obtained from the survey. SPSS survey program was used for the data obtained and by calculating Chi-square (X2) values, it was statistically tested whether the relation is significant. Alpha significance level was taken as (α = 0.05) in the tests conducted. At the end of the research, differences were detected between the opinions of female and male athletes in Agri regarding their expectations on the sport branch they deal with. Accordingly, environmental conditions, school sports halls and facilities, television broadcast and newspapers-journals of external motivational factors are seen to have low influences. It was detected that coaches, friend environment and physical education teachers have the first three ranks in reasons for athletes to choose their sport branches

Current Management and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease

A better understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of dry eye disease leads to more efficient management and treatment of the disease process. However, there is substantial variation among both clinicians and countries in terms of dry eye treatment modalities. The latest 2017 International Dry Eye Workshop II report aimed to reduce these differences and emphasized the use of a stepped care algorithm. The algorithm includes treatment forms ranging from artificial tear drops, the primary conventional treatment method, to the latest surgical applications. The aims of the algorithm are to restore homeostasis in the ocular surface, break the vicious cycle of inflammation, and ensure long-term ocular surface comfort

Laser therapy in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

Diabetik makûla ödemi, diabetik, retinopatide en sık görme kaybı nedenidir. Bu sorunun tedavisinde kullanılan lazer fotokoagülasyon (FK) tekniğinin hastalığın prognozunu ne ölçüde etkilediğini anlamak, argon yeşil (514 nm),dye laser (590 nm) ve argon yeşil+dye lazer olmak üzere üç lazer protokolü arasında tedavi sonucu açısından fark olup olmadığını anlamak, lazer tedavisinin merkezi görme fonksiyonlarına olan etkisini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla prospektif ancak randomize olmayan bir çalışma yapılmıştır. 19 "u kadın 12 erkek toplam 31 vakanın 49 gözü çalışma kapsamına alınmış, bunların 35' inde argon yeşil-72- (% 71.4), 9%una dye+green ( % 18.4), 5' ine dye lazer ( % 10.2) tedavisi, 36 göze fokal ( % 73.5), 1 göze grid ( % 2), 12 göze fokal+grid fotokoagülasyon (% 24.5) olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Gözler, ortalama 32.5 ay takip edilmişlerdir. Lazer fotokoagülasyonunun uzak ya da yakın görmeyi artırmak ya da stabilize etmek, makûl a ödemini azaltmak açısından faydalı olduğunu, diabetik maküla ödeminin ve lazer fotokoagülasyonunun parasantral skotomlara yol açabileceğini tespit ettik. Sonuçta, tedavi seçim kriterlerine uygun olguların Laser FK ile tedavilerinin görsel prognozu olumlu yönde etkilediği ve bu olgulara tedavi etkileri ve yan etkilerinin de anlatılarak önerilmesi gerektiği kanısına varılmıştır

Primary repair and intraocular lens implantation after perforating eye injury

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome after primary treatment of lens injuries with corneal or corneoscleral trauma. Methods. Ten eyes of 10 patients were retrospectively evaluated. There were no foreign bodies in any eye. After primary repair, an anterior chamber maintainer (ACM) was introduced through the inferotemporal corneal quadrant. Sodium hyaluronate 1.4% (Healon GV(R)) was injected, and the anterior capsule was stained with trypan blue 0.1 % vital stain (Vision Blue(R)) under the viscoelastic substance. After a capsulorhexis was created, the lens material was aspirated. The nucleus was delivered from the scleral tunnel, which was opened from the superior/superotemporal corneal quadrant. A conventional 21.0 diopter poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens (IOL) with a 5.5 mm optic and overall diameter of 12.5 mm (Dr. Schmidth(R), Hannan Kibbutz) was implanted through the scleral tunnel. The scleral tunnel was not sutured, and the corneal entry sites were closed with stromal hydration. Results: The final best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was better than 20/100 in all patients, and 6 patients had a BSCVA of 20/20. The IOL was in the capsular bag in all patients at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up was 12.3 months (range 7 to 25 months). The main visually limiting factors were corneal scar, irregular astigmatism, and traumatic maculopathy. Conclusions: Primary IOL implantation in carefully selected patients with penetrating corneoscleral lens injury may yield visually rewarding results. The use of a vital stain to increase the visibility of the injured anterior capsule and of a closed scleral tunnel system with an ACM increased the surgical safety

Black Holes with Anisotropic Fluid in Lyra Scalar-Tensor Theory

In this paper, we investigate distribution of anisotropic fluid which is a resource of black holes in regard to Lyra scalar-tensor theory. As part of the theory, we obtain field equations of spherically symmetric space-time with anisotropic fluid. By using field equations, we suggest distribution of anisotropic fluid, responsible for space-time geometries such as Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, Minkowski type, de Sitter type, Anti-de Sitter type, BTZ and charged BTZ black holes. Finally, we discuss obtained pressures and density of the fluid for different values of arbitrary constants, geometrically and physically

Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmalarıyla Android Kötücül Yazılım Uygulamalarının Tespiti

Son yıllarda akıllı mobil cihazlar hayatımızı ciddi anlamda kolaylaştırmış ve hız kazandırmıştır. Android işletim sistemi (İS) bu cihazlar arasında en yüksek kullanım oranına sahiptir. Yaygın kullanım, yetersiz güvenlik mekanizmaları ve kullanıcıların bilinç düzeyi bu İS’ni saldırganların hedefi haline getirmektedir. Android İS’nin güvenlik mekanizmasını temelini izin tabanlı güvenlik modeli oluşturmaktadır. Uygulamalar, kullanıcı tarafından verilen izinlere bağlı olarak işlevlerini yerine getirebilmektedir. Ancak kullanıcı farkındalığı, talep edilen izinlerin suiistimale açık olup olmadığı hususunda yeterli seviyede değildir. Bu sebeple bu uygulamalarda kötücül içerik tespiti için ek yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kötücül yazılım uygulamalarının tespiti amacıyla makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları kullanılarak izin tabanlı bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem destek vektör makinesi, rastgele orman, Naïve Bayes ve K en yakın komşu makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarıyla ayrı ayrı denenmiş ve başarımları kıyaslanmıştır. Rastgele orman algoritması %95,65 doğruluk oranıyla en yüksek başarımı sergilemiştir

Effect of static and dynamic stretching exercises on some physical parameters in young basketball playersGenç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin bazı fiziksel parametrelere etkisi

This study was conducted to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on strength, flexibility, speed and balance in young basketball players. 10 volunteers from the 16 year old male basketball team of Pınar Karsiyaka Sports Club participated in the study. The average age of the athletes is 16 ± 0,0 (year) and the average of the height is 188 ± 0,08 (cm). The study consists of three parts. On the first day, dynamic stretching exercises were performed on the second day and static stretching exercises and performance tests were performed on the third day without performing any exercise. Applied performance tests were hand grip strength, back-leg strength, sit-in flexibility test, 20 m. Sprint test and flamingo balance test. The obtained data were analyzed with the variance analysis (ANOVA test) in the repeated measures using the SPSS 23.0 package program. As a result of the study, the flexibility of the static and dynamic stretching exercises in the data obtained, the difference in the left handed claw strength and the speed of the dynamic stretching exercises were significant (p &lt;0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between static and dynamic stretching exercises and back leg strength and balance (p&gt; 0.05). As a result, it can be said that static and dynamic stretching exercises have a positive effect on flexibility, strength and speed. ÖzetBu çalışma genç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin kuvvet, esneklik, sürat ve denge üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Pınar Karşıyaka Spor Kulübünün 16 yaş erkek basketbol takımından 10 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sporcuların yaş ortalamaları 16±0,0 (yıl), boy ortalamaları 188±0,08 (cm)’dir. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci gün herhangi bir egzersiz uygulanmadan, ikinci gün dinamik germe egzersizleri ve üçüncü gün statik germe egzersizleri ile performans testleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan performans testleri sırasıyla el kavrama kuvveti, sırt-bacak kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik testi, 20 m. sprint testi ve flamingo denge testinden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 paket programı kullanılarak tekrarlı ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi (Anova Testi) ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerde statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esnekliğe, dinamik germe egzersizlerinin sol el pençe kuvveti ve sürat üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık meydana gelmiştir (p&lt;0.05). Diğer yandan, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizleri ile sırt bacak kuvveti ve denge üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p&gt;0.05). Sonuç olarak, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esneklik, kuvvet ve sürat üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir