On the height variation of the E-region cowling conductivity ? effect of charged dust particles

International audienceHeight profiles of the Cowling conductivity in the electrojet region, estimated using the atmospheric parameters given by the existing models like CIRA or MSIS and measured electron density profiles, consistently show the heights of the electrojet current intensity peak to be more than 3 km below those estimated from in-situ measurements using magnetometers on board sounding rockets. Kulkarni and Muralikrishna (2005) attempted to explain this to be due to the effect of neutral dust particles. They reported that neutral dust particles, when they exist in sufficient numbers, can modify the collision parameters, especially in the lower E-region, where dust particles of meteoric origin are known to exist in large numbers, and thereby can modify the Cowling conductivity profile in the electrojet region. This work is extended here to include the effect of charged dust particles. Dust particles can become charged negatively by the attachment of ambient free electrons, and can thus reduce the number density of free electrons especially below the electrojet peak. This can alter the vertical profile of the east-west Hall current driven by the vertical Hall polarization field, thereby causing a net reduction in the electrojet current. Such a decrease in the electrojet current may be observed on the ground magnetograms. This mechanism, as proposed here, can operate only during periods of strong meteor shower activity, when the dust particle density at the assumed deposit height of 103 km can reach extreme values (for example, 5×104 cm?3 of 1-µm diameter dust particles). Such a dense dust layer may even cause a reversal in the normally upward vertical Hall polarization field, within the dust layer, causing a reversal of the electrojet currents below the current peak

ASSESMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS VISITING DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORT COURSE CENTRES OF WARANGAL

ABSTRACTObjectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease associated with a wide range of respiratory symptoms. It remains a major public health problem worldwide.In TB, oxidative stress is a result of tissue inflammation, poor dietary intake of micronutrients due to illness, and free radical burst from activatedmacrophages. In recent years, efforts have been dedicated for assessing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in TB patients. The objectives of thestudy were to evaluate the impairment of HRQoL in TB patients using by DR-12 questionnaire and to estimate oxidative stress parameters such asmalondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), vitamins A, and C in TB patients.Methods: A total of 142 patients meeting the study criteria were recruited in the study to evaluate HRQOL. The patients were administered withDR-12 questionnaire at 0 week, 4 weeks and at the end of intensive phase of the treatment. A paired t-test was applied and a p<0.05 was consideredas significant. 40 patients meeting the study criteria were recruited for assessment of oxidative stress parameters. The blood samples were assessedfor the concentration of MDA, GSH, vitamin A, and vitamin C using suitable methods.Results: A significantly higher HRQOL scores were observed at the end of intensive phase of the treatment for both pulmonary and extrapulmonaryTB patients. There was a significant improvement in their QOL (p<0.05). An increased oxidative stress was obtained in plasma of TB patients ascompared to normal healthy controls. There was a significant increase in the MDA levels of TB patients (7 times greater than control) when comparedto normal population. There was a double decrease in GSH and vitamin A concentrations in TB cases compared with controls. The plasma levels ofvitamin C in TB cases obtained thrice lesser in TB cases than the control population.Conclusion: The study showed that in TB patients free radical activity is quite high and antioxidant levels are low. A suitable antioxidant therapy mayimprove QoL and prove beneficial supplementation for fast recovery.Keywords: Tuberculosis, Health-related quality of life, Directly observed treatment short course, DR-12 score, Antioxidants, Free radicals

Spectrophotometric Determination of Os(VIII) with Thioglycollic Acid

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Intracranial massive subdural haematoma: a potentially serious consequence of diagnostic lumbar puncture

Intracranial subdural haematoma (SDH) is an exceptionally rare complication of lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Post LP headache mostly has a benign course, but it can also be a manifestation of a potentially life-threatening complication such as SDH. Only a few cases has been reported in literature. We report a case of massive intracranial SDH in a young male following LP and CSF drainage

A fast cam driven absorption cell based rocketborne nitric oxide detector

A nitric oxide(NO) detector, making use of a newly developed fast cam-driven absorption cell system is developed for launch on board a Brazilian SONDA III rocket, to measure the height profile of the NO gamma band dayglow emission intensity and thereby to estimate the height profile of the number density of atmospheric NO in the equatorial region. Two absorption cells, one of them containing the gas NO and the other nitrogen are brought in front of the photocathode of a photomultiplier (PM) tube alternately using a cam system. Each cell remains in front of the PM tube for an interval of time fixed by the cam shape. The cam is designed to optimize the time needed for positioning the cells one after the other and also to simplify the operation of the step motor responsible for the movement of the absorption cells. The advantages of this new system over the conventional wheel mounting are also presented.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración de la Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas (UNLP).Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATION FOR CARBON ESTIMATION – A CASE STUDY

Climate change is a most global challenging issue. In this regard, a study on carbon dioxide, one of the pollutants causing the climate change is demonstrated in two different states of India viz., Visakhapatnam district (AP) and Shastri Nagar (RJ) for the period of April 2022 to January 2023. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is experiential on hourly and monthly basis for different seasons – summer (April), rainy (July) and winter (December). Most of air pollutants include NO2, CO2, PM2.5, PM10 etc. that are the major cause for climate change. The air quality in these zones is very poor, highly polluted and risk to humans. The study proved that CO2 is found comparatively low in rainy season over other. The machine learning regression models were modelled for Visakhapatnam and best models obtained are 1. Step-wise Linear Regression model with MSE (4.51E-28), RMSE (2.12E-14) and R-Squared (1) identified for rainy month. 2. Neural Network Narrow model with MSE (0.462), RMSE (0.680) and R-Squared (0.999) for winter month. 3. Linear Regression model with MSE (0.108), RMSE (0.329) and R-Squared (0.999) for summer. Similarly, the best models for Shastri Nagar for monthly data are 1. Step-wise Linear Regression with RMSE (20.292), MSE (411.774) and MAE (12.524) for April & May (summer), 2. Neural Network Narrow model had RMSE (3.399), MSE (11.554) and MAE (2.141) for July (rainy). 3. Neural Network Bilayered model with RMSE (1.618), MSE (2.619) and MAE (0.593) for November & December (winter). The results obtained were very efficient and reliable

Spectrophotometric Investigation of Os(VI)- Thiocyanate Complex

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Separate Roles for the Golgi Apparatus and Lysosomes in the Sequestration of Drugs in the Multidrug-resistant Human Leukemic Cell Line HL-60

The sequestration of drugs away from cellular target sites into cytoplasmic organelles of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells has been recently shown to be a cause for ineffective drug therapy. This process is poorly understood despite the fact that it has been observed in a large number of MDR cancer cell lines. Analysis of drug sequestration in these cells has traditionally been done using fluorescent anthracycline antibiotics (i.e. daunorubicin, doxorubicin). This narrow selection of substrates has resulted in a limited understanding of sequestration mechanisms and the intracellular compartments that are involved. To better characterize this phenotype, we chose to examine the sequestration of molecules having different acid/base properties in the MDR HL-60 human leukemic cell line. Here we show that weakly basic drug daunorubicin is sequestered into lysosomes according to a pH partitioning type mechanism, whereas sulforhodamime 101, a zwitterionic molecule, is sequestered into the Golgi apparatus through a drug transporter-mediated process. Quantitative intracellular pH measurements reveal that the lysosome-tocytosol pH gradient is expanded in the MDR line. Moreover, the MDR cells overexpress the multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1), which is localized to the Golgi apparatus. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that two distinct mechanisms for intracellular compartmentalization are operational in a single MDR cell line