The covert set-cover problem with application to Network Discovery

We address a version of the set-cover problem where we do not know the sets initially (and hence referred to as covert) but we can query an element to find out which sets contain this element as well as query a set to know the elements. We want to find a small set-cover using a minimal number of such queries. We present a Monte Carlo randomized algorithm that approximates an optimal set-cover of size $OPT$ within $O(\log N)$ factor with high probability using $O(OPT \cdot \log^2 N)$ queries where $N$ is the input size. We apply this technique to the network discovery problem that involves certifying all the edges and non-edges of an unknown $n$-vertices graph based on layered-graph queries from a minimal number of vertices. By reducing it to the covert set-cover problem we present an $O(\log^2 n)$-competitive Monte Carlo randomized algorithm for the covert version of network discovery problem. The previously best known algorithm has a competitive ratio of $\Omega (\sqrt{n\log n})$ and therefore our result achieves an exponential improvement

QCD ANALYSIS OF FLAVOR-NONCHANGING HADRONIC WEAK PROCESSES THROUGH NEXT-TO-LEADING ORDER

Studies in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory of the strong interactions, of low-energy hadronic weak processes utilize an effective Hamiltonian framework. Below the weak-mass scale, an effective Hamiltonian contains a series of Wilson coefficients and four-quark operators that come from the operator product expansion in the Standard Model. The effective hadronic Hamiltonian pertinent to a weak process is then obtained via a renormalization group analysis in QCD from the weak-mass scale to the low-energy scale of O(2 GeV). In this thesis, the construction and phenomenological implications of such an effective Hamiltonian for flavor-conserving, parity-violating quark processes in the Standard Model will be presented. Extensive studies of QCD corrections in flavor-changing meson decays have been conducted starting already in the 1990s. But the status in the flavor-conserving sector is completely different, and such rigorous studies have been lacking. In this work, we establish a robust connection between flavor-conserving and flavor-changing physics and utilize it to find the relevant anomalous dimension matrices for flavor-nonchanging processes through next-to-leading order in QCD. The anomalous dimension matrices represent the renormalization and mixing profile of the operators in the presence of QCD corrections and are an essential ingredient in the renormalization group flow between energy scales. Following the computation of the complete effective low-energy Hamiltonian at GeV scales, we are able to apply it to the study of hadronic parity-violating processes and compute its quantifying parameters, the parity-breaking meson nucleon couplings. The thus computed couplings are shown to be in good agreement with their extracted values from phenomenological analyses of recent, precise measurements of the parity-violating asymmetry in neutron-spin reversal in few-body low-energy nuclear reactions. This has been accomplished for the first time. Finally, we are also able to discuss how this effective Hamiltonian can be applied to studies of weak effects in the hadronic decays of flavor-neutral mesons, such as, η, η′, resulting in P and CP violation. We note how future experiments and lattice QCD studies could sharpen our findings and that our study serves as an essential guide for these future endeavors in arriving at a robust description of hadronic parity violations

Low Power Reversible Parallel Binary Adder/Subtractor

In recent years, Reversible Logic is becoming more and more prominent technology having its applications in Low Power CMOS, Quantum Computing, Nanotechnology, and Optical Computing. Reversibility plays an important role when energy efficient computations are considered. In this paper, Reversible eight-bit Parallel Binary Adder/Subtractor with Design I, Design II and Design III are proposed. In all the three design approaches, the full Adder and Subtractors are realized in a single unit as compared to only full Subtractor in the existing design. The performance analysis is verified using number reversible gates, Garbage input/outputs and Quantum Cost. It is observed that Reversible eight-bit Parallel Binary Adder/Subtractor with Design III is efficient compared to Design I, Design II and existing design.Comment: 12 pages,VLSICS Journa

Towards a unified treatment of ΔS=0\Delta S=0 parity violation in low-energy nuclear processes

We revisit the unified treatment of low-energy hadronic parity violation espoused by Desplanques, Donoghue, and Holstein to the end of an ab initio treatment of parity violation in low-energy nuclear processes within the Standard Model. We use our improved effective Hamiltonian and precise non-perturbative assessments of the quark charges of the nucleon within lattice QCD to make new assessments of the parity-violating meson-nucleon coupling constants. Comparing with recent, precise measurements of hadronic parity violation in few-body nuclear reactions, we find improved agreement with these experimental results, though some tensions remain. We thus note the broader problem of comparing low-energy constants from nuclear and few-nucleon systems, considering, too, unresolved theoretical issues in connecting an ab initio, effective Hamiltonian approach to chiral effective theories. We note how future experiments could sharpen the emerging picture, promoting the study of hadronic parity violation as a laboratory for testing ``end-to-end'' theoretical descriptions of weak processes in hadrons and nuclei at low energies.Comment: 13 pages, REVTeX, 1 figure; note partial overlap in content with arXiv:2203.00033v1 (not v2

Centralized Admission: A Novel Student-Centric E-Governance Process

e-governance initiative has helped many governmental organizations to carry out their services transparently, efficiently, and democratically. The admission process in many of the universities in Karnataka is usually manual. The process suffers from redundancy of data and workforce and the process itself is expensive. For the first time in any University in Karnataka, in 2009, an automated system for Post Graduate admissions was designed, developed and implemented for Bangalore University. This e-governance admission system has been in use in the University for the last four years. The process was started as a skeleton model and more services were added later in subsequent academic years during admission. It was found that the system was foolproof. It transformed the whole admission process into a single-window system. Admission Approval, Fee Payment, Hostel Admissions, and Issue of Library Cards were thus brought under a single-window system. This paper compares the novel e-governance initiative with that of the pervious system of admission. It also compares the Bangalore University model with other automated admission models in Karnataka. It investigates the performance of the e-governance initiative in reducing workforce and redundancy. It records the find that the e-governance process has helped the University and its stakeholders in rendering the admission system transparent. Many other Universities in Karnataka are now following this model for their admission

Ethnobotanical Studies on Some Rare and Endemic Floristic Elements of Eastern Ghats-Hill Ranges of South East Asia, India

The Eastern Ghats, one of the nine Floristic Zones in India. Eastern Ghats are spread over three States of India, namely Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The hilly areas of Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh are mainly inhabited by 33 aboriginal/tribal communities, who still practice the age old traditional medicines and their application. There are 62 different tribes, inhabited in Orissa. The inhabitants of the aboriginal tribal communities, who still practice the age old traditional medicines and their applications. The author undertook ethno medicobotanical studies in Eastern Ghats along with systematic survey. Many tribal people depending on naturally growing or wild plants for their food and medicine in this region. The study during 1997-2005 brought to light, many unknown uses of plants which are interesting has been collected by the author. The present paper deals with some rare and endemic plant ethnobotanical uses of Eastern Ghats

Critical analysis and unique management of Gridhrasi w.s.r. to Sciatica - A Case Report

Gridhrasi (Sciatica) is a disorder in which low back pain is found, that spreads through the hip, to the back of the thigh and down the inside of the leg. Mechanical low back pain (LBP) remains the second most common symptom related reason for seeing a physician. 85% of total population will experience an episode of mechanical LBP at some point during their lifetime. Fortunately, the LBP resolves for the vast majority within 2-4 weeks. There are many causes for low back pain, however true sciatica is a symptom of inflammation or compression of the sciatica nerve. The sciatica nerve carries impulses between nerve roots in the lower back and the muscles and nerve of the buttocks, thighs and lower legs. Compression of a nerve root often occurs as a result of damage to one of the discs between the vertebrae. In some cases, sciatic pain radiate from other nerves in the body. This is called referred pain. Pain associated with sciatica often is severe, sharp and shooting. It may be accompanied by other symptom, such as numbness, tingling, weakness and sensitivity to touch. There is only conservative treatment giving short term relief in pain or surgical intervention with side effect. But these are not successful and therefore those who are suffering from this are always in search of result oriented remedy. Walking distance and SLR test were taken for assessment parameter, VAS score was adopted for pain. Before treatment patient was not able to walk even 4 to 5 steps due to severe pain, was brought on stretcher and his SLR was 30° of right side. After 22 days of treatment he was able to walk up to 500 meters without any difficulty, SLR was changed to 60° and patient had got 80 % relief in pain. This case report showed that Ayurvedic protocol is potent and safe in the treatment of Gridhrasi