Capping and mitogenesis: A model implicating microfilaments in lymphocyte activation

In lymphocytes cap formation induced by concanavalin A (con A) was found to be concentration dependent on the mitogen in the presence of colchicine, a microtubule disrupting agent. The dose-respone of cap formation under these conditions was similar to mitogen dose-response. In addition, a direct correlation was found between con A capping induced in the presence of colchicine and mitogenic responses with con A alone. Agents such as dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which suppress mitogenic responses, decrease capping. Zinc increases capping when it causes enhancement of mitogenesis and decreases capping when it suppresses mitogenic response. These observations are interpreted on the basis of a model in which binding of con A to surface receptors leads to formation of microfilaments, which might be essential for capping as well as the initiation of DNA synthesis. Thus, the experimental observations in this report lend support to a model implicating the formation of microfilaments as a crucial event in triggering a variety of cellular responses following ligand binding.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23867/1/0000106.pd

Age-related differential effects of zinc on concanavalin A-induced capping of human lymphocytes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24103/1/0000360.pd

Reply to Dr. Goodwin

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23228/1/0000161.pd

Analysis the effect of condenser pressure (vacuum) on efficiency and heat rate of steam turbine

Electricity plays a vital role in our daily life. The power demand is increasing day by day due to increasing the population. The power is required for Industrialization and development of nation. Our country mainly depends on thermal power plant for electrical supply. In thermal power plants turbine is considered to be HEART of the plant. Maintained required condenser parameters to improve the performance of turbine and these parameters direct impact the economical growth of power plant This project involves the construction features, start up, and Shut down, emergency operation and safety protections of the 32 mw steam turbine. The main aim of this project is analysis the how to effect the condenser pressure (vacuum) on efficiency and heat rate of regenerative steam turbine by mathematical calculations

Garnet mineral chemistry as a provenance indicator for the modern beach sediments of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh, east coast of India

917-924The provenance of garnets from coastal sediments between the Nagavali and Vamsadhara river mouths, east coast of India were studied using garnet molecular proportions. This mineral chemical electron micro probe analytical data have been correlated with published garnet chemistry from various litho units of the eastern ghats granulite belt to understand provenance. The present study reveals that the garnets with molecular proportions of almandine (Alm. 50-56%), pyrope (Py. 33-43%) and traces of grossular (Gr. 5%) were derived from charnockite suite of rocks. The major portion (83%) of the studied garnets is derived from khondalite (metapelitic) suite of rocks susceptible for physical weathering due to large areal exposure and minor proportion (17%) is derived from charnockite suite of rocks which due to less coverage in drainage basis is not susceptible for mechanical weathering

Modulation of the mitogenic response of lymphocytes from young and aged individuals by prostaglandins and indomethacin

The effect of indomethacin (IND) on the mitogenic responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was dependent upon the dose of mitogen employed; in contrast, the effect of prostaglandins (PGs) was independent of the mitogen dose. When a single concentration of mitogen was used to study the effect of IND on blastogenesis, extremely variable results were observed, even among a healthy population group. This variability within the group was reduced to a minimum when mitogen dose-response studies were performed with and without IND and maximal blastogenic responses were compared. Employing such acriterion, no age-related differences were noted on addition of IND. Kinetic experiments revealed that significant quantities of PGs must be present very early during the culture period to influence the lectin-induced mitogenesis. These findings, together with recently published data from other laboratories, lead us to conclude that endogenously synthesized PGs may not be able to influence the lectin-induced mitogenic process. The effect of IND observed at submitogenic doses of lectins may be due to other pharmacological actions such as its effect on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23457/1/0000409.pd

Proteomic Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: Effect of Acute Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Rats

BACKGROUND: Inhalation of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) is characterized by lung injury and inflammation, with significant increases in the numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages. This influx of cellular infiltrates is associated with the activation of multiple genes, including cytokines and chemokines, and the production of reactive oxygen species. OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of the lung injury is not fully understood, but alterations in the presence or abundance of a number of proteins in the lung have been observed. Our objective in this study was to further characterize these changes and to ask whether additional changes could be discerned using modern proteomic techniques. METHODS: The present study investigates global alterations in the proteome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken from rats 1, 7, or 30 days after exposure to 5, 35, or 50 mg/kg of animal weight of DEPs. RESULTS: Analysis by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry identified two distinct peaks that appeared as an acute response postexposure at all doses in all animals. We identified these two peaks, with mass to charge ratios (m/z) of 9,100 and 10,100, as anaphylatoxin C3a and calgranulin A by additional mass spectral investigation using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS: With this approach, we found a number of inflammatory response proteins that may be associated with the early phases of inflammation in response to DEP exposure. Further studies are warranted to determine whether serum levels of these proteins could be markers of diesel exhaust exposure in workers

Older adults’ experience of neuropsychological assessments for dementia screening in South India: a qualitative study

Background: In community settings, neuropsychological assessment is the most commonly employed method for early recognition of dementia. However, little is known about the experience and perspectives of older adults when they undertake neuro psychological assessments in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews for 11 individuals (aged between 64 and 88 years) who had undergone cognitive assessment in the CST International (Cognitive Stimulation Therapy International) study and were free from dementia. The transcripts were analysed manually utilising Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to develop key themes. Results: When data were analysed three super-ordinate themes (experiences related to the process, content and outcomes) each with a set of subordinate themes emerged. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for a thorough planning of pre-assessment briefing for equipping participants with adequate information related to the neuro psychological assessment: its indication, length of procedure, contents of the test, possible outcomes, medical implications of those outcomes, possible therapeutic options if diagnosed with lower cognitive function.We discuss our findings in relation to extant knowledge and explore issues clinicians should consider when conducting neuro psychological assessments in LMIC settings

The Sources of Inflammatory Mediators in the Lung after Silica Exposure

The expression of 10 genes implicated in regulation of the inflammatory processes in the lung was studied after exposure of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to silica in vitro or in vivo. Exposure of AMs to silica in vitro up-regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of three genes [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)] without a concomitant increase in the protein levels. AMs isolated after intratracheal instillation of silica up-regulated mRNA levels of four additional genes [granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1β, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase]. IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2 protein levels were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Fibroblasts under basal culture conditions express much higher levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF compared with AMs. Coculture of AMs and alveolar type II cells, or coculture of AMs and lung fibroblasts, in contact cultures or Transwell chambers, revealed no synergistic effect. Therefore, such interaction does not explain the effects seen in vivo. Identification of the intercellular communication in vivo is still unresolved. However, fibroblasts appear to be an important source of inflammatory mediators in the lung