DESIGN OF ALU-64BIT FOR HIGH SPEED USING LOGICAL EFFORT

Logical effort is the ratio of the input capacitance of a gate to the input capacitance of an inverter delivering the same output current.. Conventional methods use repetitive manual testing guided by Logical Effort (LE).In our work, we choose gate widths inside the circuit as parameters to be optimized in order to achieve the target delay, using LE.The main objective of the paper is to calculate the delay using VerilogHDL and synthesized the output driven by it by increasing the speed using optimized paths

TRIPOLAR FUZZY SOFT IDEALS AND TRIPOLAR FUZZY SOFT INTERIOR IDEALS OVER Γ−SEMIRING

In this paper, we have introduced the notion of tripolar fuzzy soft $\Gamma -$subsemi-ring,tripolar fuzzy soft ideal, tripolar fuzzy soft interior ideals over $\Gamma -$semiring and also studiedsome of their algebraic properties and the relations between them

Study of Gain Switching in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser under Different Electrical Pulse Inputs

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is a strong candidate for short pulse generation among the other semiconductor lasers in the era of laser technology. A 1550 nm, low power VCSEL is excited under different current shapes and the chief laser parameters are found out. The concept of gain switching under various current profiles are utilized effectively to bring out maximum laser power with minimum pulse width, which are the essential factors for long haul high speed optical data transmission. For a haversine electrical current input with 3.7 Ith amplitude, a laser peak power of 2.2 mW at 57 ps pulse width is obtained. In the case of trapezoidal pulse, 67 ps pulse width is obtained for 2.6 Ith current amplitude. It is also observed that square pulse of amplitude 2 Ith produces short optical pulse of 0.887 mW peak power and 89 ps width which shows the best performance when compared to other forms of pulses discussed in this work at the same input condition

ACTINOMYCIN “D” FROM MARINE SEDIMENT ASSOCIATED STREPTOMYCES CAPILLISPIRALIS MTCC10471

In our screening program for new bio-active metabolites from marine actinomycetes, a cyclic depsipeptide wasfound in the fermentation medium of marine Strepromyces (SS23/4) isolated from sediments collected from Bayoff Bengal, vellampattai,Tamilnadu. It showed strong biological activity against gram-positive / gram negativebacteria by agar overlay technique. It was taxonomically characterized by the basis of morphological andphenotypic characteristics, genotypic data and phylogenetic showing Streptomyces sps. Bio active compoundwas obtained by solvent extraction and purification using column chromatography followed by reverse phaseHPLC. The pure compound had potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Multi Drug ResistantMycobacterium tuberculosis strains (437RU) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, and The minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) against standard test organisms was found to be 1μg/mL against B.subtilis, E.coli andMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The compound exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against breastcarcinoma (MCF-7), melanoma cells (A375), prostate carcinoma (DU145) and lung carcinoma (A549) cellswith IC values 20μg/ml. The symbiotic Streptomyces capillispiralis MTCC 10471 produces crude antibiotic30mg/Lt by using nonoptimized fermentation conditions. The structure of the antibiotic was explained by 1D,2D NMR and LC-ESI-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF/MS experiments, revealed that it belongs to cyclic ploy peptideActinomycin D

Emerging Session Management and Secured User Access Control for Internet services

These days, it ends up open worry to give greater security to web services. Along these lines, secure user authentication is the central undertaking in security frameworks. Customarily, the greater part of the frameworks depend on sets of username and password which checks the character of user just at login stage. Once the user is related to username and password, no checks are performed promote amid working sessions. Yet, developing biometric arrangements substitutes the username and password with biometric data of user. In such approach still single shot check is less effective on the grounds that the personality of user is lasting amid entire session. Subsequently, an essential arrangement is to utilize brief time of timeouts for every session and intermittently ask for the user to enter his qualifications again and again. Be that as it may, this is anything but an appropriate arrangement since it intensely influences the administration ease of use and at last the fulfillment of users. This paper explores the framework for continuous authentication of user utilizing his qualifications, for example, biometric characteristics. The utilization of continuous biometric authentication framework gets accreditations without expressly advising the user or requiring user connection that is, transparently which is important to ensure better execution and administration ease of use

Effect of Engine Speed on In-Cylinder Tumble Flows in a Motored Internal Combustion Engine - An Experimental Investigation Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Now-a-days, the stratified and direct injection spark ignition engines are becoming very popular because of their low fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. But, the challenges to them are the formation and control of the charge which is mainly dependent on the in-cylinder fluid flows. Today, an optical tool like particle image velocimetry (PIV) is extensively used for the in-cylinder fluid flow measurements. This paper deals with the experimental investigations of the in-cylinder fluid tumble flows in a motored internal combustion engine with a flat piston at different engine speeds during intake and compression strokes using PIV. The two-dimensional in-cylinder flow measurements and analysis of tumble flows have been carried out in the combustion space on a vertical plane at the cylinder axis. To analyze the fluid flows, ensemble average velocity vectors have been used. To characterize the tumble flow, tumble ratio has been estimated. From the results, it is found that the tumble ratio mainly varies with crank angle positions. At the end of compression stroke, maximum turbulent kinetic energy is more at higher engine speeds. Present study will be very useful in understanding the effect of engine speeds on the in-cylinder fluid tumble flows under real engine conditions

Physical health impairment, disability and suicidal intent among self-harm survivors in South India

This article was published in International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health.Background: Suicide is major public health concern in India. There are limited data examining the relationship between health impairment, disability and severity of suicidal intent. The aim of the study was to examine the associations of health impairment and disability with severity of suicidal intent among survivors following an act of self-harm. Methods: A pilot exploratory study of 453 self-harm survivors from a specialist hospital in South India. Sociodemographics, physical health impairment, disability (WHO Disability Schedule-II), suicidal intent, (Pierce suicide intent scale) and mental disorders were studied. Results: Arthritis was the most common physical impairment among self-harm survivors followed by gastrointestinal, sensory impairment and difficulty with mobilization. Nearly 10% of participants had some degree of functional impairment, with 38% experiencing severe physical pain in the week prior to self-harm. Past history of depression treatment, age, education and occupation influenced positively PSIS scores. There were significant associations between suicidal intent and disability. Conclusions: Indian self-harm survivors indicated complex relationships between physical health, disability and suicidal intent. Understanding these associations may help to develop suicide prevention strategies. Our findings suggest a need for integrating a comprehensive of physical health assessment in self harm survivors

INFLUENCE OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGINE WITH THREE LEVELS OF INSULATION WITH DIESEL OPERATION

ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted to study exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) diesel engine with different levels of low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber such as i) ceramic coated cylinder head, ii) air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner and iii) ceramic coated cylinder head along with air gap insulation with pure diesel operation with varied injector opening pressure. Exhaust emissions of particulate emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Particulate emissions were measured by AVL Smoke meter, while NO x by Netel Chromatograph NO x analyzer. Engine with different versions of the combustion chamber showed comparable particulate emissions, while they increased NO x emissions drastically at full load operation of the engine, when compared with conventional engine. Engine with air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner showed lower NO x levels at 80% of the full load operation. However, exhaust emissions reduced with an increase of injector opening pressure with different versions of the combustion chamber