Kritik Nalar Hadis Misoginis

Tulisan ini memberikan kritik terhadap nalar yang sering menggunakan hadis-hadis shaḥīh sebagai dalil doktriner untuk sebuah kepentingan. Di antara yang sering dirujuk adalah hadis shahih yang ada dalam Saḥīh al-Bukhāri. Dalam urusan relasi antara laki-laki dan perempuan, misalnya. Kaum maskulin sering menggunakan hadis Saḥīh al-Bukhāri untuk melegitimasi segala tindakan laki-laki dalam memperlakukan perempuan, juga untuk memperkokoh posisi superioritas laki-laki atas perempuan. Dengan menggunakan hermeneutika kritis, saya mengajak pembaca untuk cerdas membaca hadis-hadis misoginis yang sudah diklaim shaḥīḥ, karena dibalik kesahihannya ternyata ada hal yang “didiamkan”, meliputi sisi sosio-historis, sisi relasi kekuasaan, sisi intertekstualitas, juga sisi struktural-linguistik. Sehingga hadis yang menyatakan perempuan memiliki kekurangan agama dan akal, di mana dalam tradisi Jawa diistilahkan sebagai “konco wingking”, terbantahkan oleh fakta keterlibatan perempuan dalam banyak sektor publik. Keterlibatannya itu justru bukti bahwa mereka memiliki kemampuan akal yang mumpuni

Menyoal Kembali Teori Evolusi Agama J.G. Frazer Dalam Keberagamaan Masyarakat Jawa

Religion is seen as the result of philosophers\u27 thinking production which has a tendency to solve the riddle of life and to spread their ideas and their thoughts to others. Frazer is one pushed for discovering when the religion began to exist. The conclusion is that the human belief system, in accordance with a level of reasoning ability, evolves from magical belief, than religous belief, and ends on science. Nevertheless, when it is compared to the religious phenomenon in Indonesia, especially in Java, Frazer\u27s theory is not entirely true and debatable. The religious system in Java exactly does not have evolution as interpreted in Frazer\u27s theory. With its elasticity, genuine Javanese belief – dynamism and animism – only underwent assimilation with foreign cultures that came later like Islam and Christian, and including Western culture. In the context of Javanese religiosity, those three beliefs system as intended by Frazer, take place integrally and parallel in modern Javanese culture

Spatial estimation of average daily precipitation using multiple linear regression by using topographic and wind speed variables in tropical climate

Complex topography and wind characteristics play important roles in rising air masses and in daily spatial distribution of the precipitations in complex region. As a result, its spatial discontinuity and behaviour in complex areas can affect the spatial distribution of precipitation. In this work, a two-fold concept was used to consider both spatial discontinuity and topographic and wind speed in average daily spatial precipitation estimation using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) in tropical climates. First, wet and dry days were identified by the two methods. Then the two models based on MLR (Model 1 and Model 2) were applied on wet days to estimate the precipitation using selected predictor variables. The models were applied for month wise, season wise and year wise daily averages separately during the study period. The study reveals that, Model 1 has been found to be the best in terms of categorical statistics, R2 values, bias and special distribution patterns. However, it was found that sets of different predictor variables dominates in different months, seasons and years. Furthermore, necessities of other data for further enhancement of the results were suggested

A New Way to Link Development to Institutions, Policies and Geography

The paper aims to examine the role of institutions relative to economic policy and geography in explaining the differential level of development across countries over time. To that end, it attempts to construct a Development Quality Index (DQI) and an Institutional Quality Index (IQI) by using multivariate statistical method of principal components. It shows that (i) higher level of IQI along with economic policy and geography factors lead to a positive improvement in the level of DQI; and (ii) results remain robust for IQI and relatively robust for economic policy and geography even when it is compared across cross-section and panel data estimation for a set of 102 countries over 1980 to 2004. The results strongly indicate that institutions matter in the context of specific economic policy mixes and geography related factors illustrated by disease burden, etc. It demonstrates that relative influence of institutions varies across stages of development

Ideologisasi Tafsir di Kalangan Islamis Perempuan Bangladesh

As an open corpus, al-Qur'an speaks depending on readers. None has authority over al-Qur'an. Consequently, al-Qur'an is often taken by a group of Islamists as a socio-political legitimacy of their movement.Islamist group of Bangladeshi women -BICSa- are ideologizing an interpretation of the Koran which in doctrine to their women cadres to expedite their political missions under Jemaate Islami party (JI) of Bangladesh. BICSa successfully mobilized the women resources as a counterweight to the government by providing an education and a service to the lower levels of society, developing a relationship with the public, and recruiting also mobilizing the political support as the power of women.[Sebagai open corpus, al-Qur'an berbicara tergantung pembacanya. Tidak ada satu pun otoritas yang berkuasa penuh atasnya. Konsekuensinya al-Qur'an sering kali dibawa oleh sekelompok Islamis sebagai bentuk legitimasi gerakan sosial-politis mereka.Sekelompok Islamis perempuan Bangladesh–BICSa– melakukan ideologisasi tafsir al-Qur'an yang diajarkan kepada kader-kader perempuan mereka untuk memperlancar misi politik mereka di bawah partai Jemaate Islami (JI) Bangladesh. BICSa berhasil memobilisasi sumber daya perempuan sebagai penyeimbang pemerintahan dengan menyediakan pendidikan dan jasa bagi masyarakat level bawah, mengembangkan kontak dengan publik, merekrut dan menggalang dukungan politik sebagai kekuatan perempuan

Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Water and Environment—A Scoping Review

A pneumonia outbreak was primarily reported in the fall of 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, with the identity SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus. It quickly grew from a local epidemic to a global pandemic and was declared a public health emergency by the WHO. A total of three prominent waves were identified across the globe, with a slight temporal variability as per the geographical locations, and has impacted several sectors which connect the world. By March 2022, the coronavirus had infected 444.12 million people and claimed 6.01 million human lives worldwide, and these numbers have not yet stabilized. Our paper enlightens readers on the seven strains of human coronaviruses, with special emphasis on the three severe deadliest outbreaks (SARS-2002, MERS-2012, and COVID-19). This work attempts a comprehensive understanding of the coronavirus and its impact on the possible sectors that link the world through the economic chain, climate conditions, SDGs, recycling of the event, and mitigations. There are many points that are raised by the authors in the possible sectors, which are emerging or are as yet unnoticed and thus have not been taken into consideration. This comprehension will leave sets of new challenges and opportunities for the researchers in various streams, especially in earth sciences. Science-integrated research may help to prevent upcoming disasters as a by-product of (existing) epidemics in the form of coronavirus

Income dynamics and pathways out of rural poverty in Bangladesh, 1988-2004

Bangladesh has made considerable progress in alleviating poverty in the recent past. Using data from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of rural households in Bangladesh conducted in three waves in 1988, 2000, and 2004, this article relates the dynamics of rural poverty reduction to the structural shift in income generation mechanism from farm to nonfarm activities, changing household factor endowments, and the adoption of improved agricultural technologies over time.-super-1 The findings show that the occupational shift from the farm to the nonfarm sector, such as trade, business, and services, as well as the expansion of cultivated areas through tenancy, enhance income growth. Geographic mobility, overseas migration in particular, makes a significant contribution to income growth as well. The reduction in poverty appears to be vitally dependent on the enhancement of the endowment of human and physical capital that augments the poor households' capability to better exploit income-generating opportunities and place the households on a sustainable route out of poverty. Copyright 2006 International Association of Agricultural Economists.

The impacts of the food, fuel and financial crises on poor and vulnerable households in Nigeria: A retrospective approach to research inquiry

This article examines the impacts of the financial, food and fuel crises on poor and vulnerable households in two states of Nigeria: Lagos and Kano. It uses retrospective household-level data to analyze the impacts of induced price variability on household welfare. The results indicate that aggregate shocks have significant adverse effects on household consumption, schooling and child labour decisions, with a degree of impact heterogeneity across regions and rural and urban areas of the country. We find that the coping strategies adopted by the poor to deal with the short-term effects of the crises can lock households in a low-income equilibrium or poverty trap. Provided that covariate shocks exacerbate these effects, they become central for policy design