1,385 research outputs found
Remembering as a mental action
Many philosophers consider that memory is just a passive information retention and retrieval capacity. Some information and experiences are encoded, stored, and subsequently retrieved in a passive way, without any control or intervention on the subjectâs part. In this paper, we will defend an active account of memory according to which remembering is a mental action and not merely a passive mental event. According to the reconstructive account, memory is an imaginative reconstruction of past experience. A key feature of the reconstructive account is that given the imperfect character of memory outputs, some kind of control is needed. Metacognition is the control of mental processes and dispositions. Drawing from recent work on the normativity of automaticity and automatic control, we distinguish two kinds of metacognitive control: top-down, reflective control, on the one hand, and automatic, intuitive, feeling-based control on the other. Thus, we propose that whenever the mental process of remembering is controlled by means of intuitive or feeling-based metacognitive processes, it is an action
Psychotherapy with children and early adolescents from a mentalization perspective
Un faible nombre dâĂ©tudes portant spĂ©cifiquement sur des interventions basĂ©es sur la mentalisation pour les enfants et les adolescents sont actuellement disponibles. Cependant, plusieurs Ă©tudes appuient lâidĂ©e quâun large Ă©ventail de psychopathologies sĂ©vĂšres chez les enfants et les adolescents est liĂ© Ă une faible capacitĂ© Ă mentaliser. Cette Ă©tude pilote vise donc Ă identifier, Ă classer et Ă conceptualiser les interventions fondĂ©es sur la mentalisation et utilisĂ©es en thĂ©rapie par deux thĂ©rapeutes expĂ©rimentĂ©s. Un enfant et un adolescent ont Ă©tĂ© suivis au cours de leur premiĂšre annĂ©e de psychothĂ©rapie afin dâobtenir des informations sur ce type dâinterventions. Un total de vingt-huit sĂ©ances de thĂ©rapie ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es et codifiĂ©es. Cet Ă©tude qualitative inductive/dĂ©ductive a permis d'identifier vingt-trois techniques de mentalisation utilisĂ©es en thĂ©rapie. Sept techniques font rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă des catĂ©gories dĂ©jĂ prĂ©Ă©tablies alors que dix-sept techniques ont nouvellement Ă©mergĂ© du processus de codification. Par ailleurs, un cadre conceptuel a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© afin dâorganiser de maniĂšre cohĂ©rente toutes les interventions basĂ©es sur la mentalisation. Une des principales contributions de cette Ă©tude pilote fut lâidentification et la description de sept nouvelles techniques ayant Ă©mergĂ© de la codification et qui sont utilisĂ©es dans la thĂ©rapie par le jeu. Nos rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que dans cette forme de thĂ©rapie, le thĂ©rapeute utilise un vaste rĂ©pertoire d'interventions basĂ©es sur la mentalisation. En somme, cette Ă©tude vise Ă enrichir le cadre thĂ©orique et pratique des traitements basĂ©s sur la mentalisation chez les enfants et les adolescents avec des nouvelles donnĂ©es empiriques.Little has been written about mentalization based interventions in adolescents and children in clinical settings. However, several studies have found that a significant number of the most severe child and adolescent pathologies are related with an inadequate capacity to mentalize. The present pilot study, aimed to identify, categorize and conceptualize the mentalization-based interventions used by two experienced therapists. One child and one adolescent were followed up during the first year of psychotherapy to obtain this explicit information. A total of twenty eight therapy session were selected and coded. This qualitative, inductive/deductive study identified twenty four mentalization based techniques used during therapy. Seven techniques were pre-established categories, and seventeen new techniques emerged from the coding process. In addition, based on the coding process, a conceptual framework was developed and used to coherently organize all observed mentalization based interventions. One of the major findings of this pilot study were eight emerging techniques which described mentalization based interventions used in play therapy. Even though little literature is currently available on this subject, our findings have shown that in play therapy our therapist utilized an extensive range of mentalization based interventions. This study is an important step, since it contributes to enrich the theoretical and practical MBT framework for children and adolescents, with new empirical based evidence
Collaborative Appearance-Based Place Recognition and Improving Place Recognition Using Detection of Dynamic Objects
This dissertation makes contributions to the problem of Long-Term Appearance-Based Place Recognition. We present a framework for place recognition in a collaborative scheme and a method to reduce the impact of dynamic objects on place representations. We demonstrate our findings using a state-of-the-art place recognition approach.
We begin in Part I by describing the general problem of place recognition and its importance in applications where accurate localization is crucial. We discuss feature detection and description and also explain the functioning of several place recognition frameworks.
In Part II, we present a novel framework for collaboration between agents from a pure appearance-based place recognition perspective. Using this framework, multiple agents can efficiently share partial or complete knowledge about places and benefit from their teamwork. This collaborative framework allows agents with limited storage and memory capacity to become useful in environment exploration tasks (for instance, by enabling remote recognition); includes procedures to manage an agentâs memory load and distributes knowledge of places across agents; allows the reuse of knowledge from one agent to another; and increases the tolerance for failure of individual agents. Part II also defines metrics which allow us to measure the performance of a system that uses the collaborative framework.
Finally, in Part III, we present an innovative method to improve the recognition of places in environments densely populated by dynamic objects. We demonstrate that we can improve the recognition performance in these environments by incorporating high- level information from dynamic objects. Tests conducted using a synthetic dataset show the benefits of our approach. The proposed method allows the system to significantly improve the recognition performance in the photo-realistic dataset while reducing storage requirements, resulting in up to 23.7 percent less storage space than the state-of-the-art approach that we have extended; smaller representations also reduced the time required to match places. In Part III, we also formulate the concept of a valid place representation and determine the quality of the observation based on dynamic objects present in the agentâs view.
Of course, recognition systems that are sensitive to dynamic objects incur additional computational costs to recognize those objects. We show that this additional cost is outweighed by the benefits that incorporating dynamic object detection in the place recognition pipeline. Our findings can be used in many applications, including applications for navigation, e.g. assisting visually impaired individuals with navigating indoors, or autonomous vehicles
Relational Galois connections between transitive fuzzy digraphs
Fuzzy-directed graphs are often chosen as the data structure to model and implement solutions to several problems in the applied sciences. Galois connections have also shown to be useful both in theoretical and in practical problems. In this paper, the notion of relational Galois connection is extended to be applied between transitive fuzzy directed graphs. In this framework, the components of the connection are crisp relations satisfying certain reasonable properties given in terms of the so-called full powering
Packs, troops and herds: Prosocial cooperatives and innovation in the new normal
Prosocial organizations are emerging to tackle the effects of a New Normal. As they navigate its fragile and liquid institutional membranes, they prioritize cooperative forms of governance. These forms allow for collaboration and democratic decisionâmaking necessary for the development of innovative solutions in this new context. At the same time, the high coordination costs of cooperatives lead to significant market pressures. Therefore, understanding when and under what conditions these new cooperatives innovate and strive is important as it provides insight into whether and how these ventures can become a viable alternative in this changing landscape. Using configurational analyses of organizational enablers leading to innovation in 40 entrepreneurial cooperatives, we identify three approaches: Attentive Pack, Eclectic Troop, and Wandering Herd, showing that innovative outcomes can indeed emerge under traditional cooperative features emphasizing collectivism. However, the pursuit of higher novelty requires a shift to more individualistic, businessâasâusual, approaches. The New Normal does indeed enhance entrepreneurial activity, but of a different kind comprising novel sets of antecedents and outcomes, which we show can easily become the new dominant form of venturing required in this new context
Automated Network Service Scaling in NFV: Concepts, Mechanisms and Scaling Workflow
Next-generation systems are anticipated to be digital platforms supporting
innovative services with rapidly changing traffic patterns. To cope with this
dynamicity in a cost-efficient manner, operators need advanced service
management capabilities such as those provided by NFV. NFV enables operators to
scale network services with higher granularity and agility than today. For this
end, automation is key. In search of this automation, the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has defined a reference NFV
framework that make use of model-driven templates called Network Service
Descriptors (NSDs) to operate network services through their lifecycle. For the
scaling operation, an NSD defines a discrete set of instantiation levels among
which a network service instance can be resized throughout its lifecycle. Thus,
the design of these levels is key for ensuring an effective scaling. In this
article, we provide an overview of the automation of the network service
scaling operation in NFV, addressing the options and boundaries introduced by
ETSI normative specifications. We start by providing a description of the NSD
structure, focusing on how instantiation levels are constructed. For
illustrative purposes, we propose an NSD for a representative NS. This NSD
includes different instantiation levels that enable different ways to
automatically scale this NS. Then, we show the different scaling procedures the
NFV framework has available, and how it may automate their triggering. Finally,
we propose an ETSI-compliant workflow to describe in detail a representative
scaling procedure. This workflow clarifies the interactions and information
exchanges between the functional blocks in the NFV framework when performing
the scaling operation.Comment: This work has been accepted for publication in the IEEE
Communications Magazin
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