Western-style diet changes murinometric and metabolic parameters of rat offspring in time-specific windows / A dieta do estilo ocidental altera parâmetros murinométricos e metabólicos da própria de rat em janelas específicas

The present study evaluated the effects of the western-style diet in the time-specific windows of rodents. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups fed on a Control diet during all experimental period (CC); a western-style diet after lactation (CW); and a westernized diet throughout entire experimental period (WW). Body weight, food and energy intake, abdominal fat, glucose tolerance, biochemical parameters and serum hormones were evaluated. Higher body weight (CC=408.6±11.3g; CW=474.1±9.2g; WW=475.8±16.3g, p<0.001), increased abdominal fat (CC=12.6±0.8g; CW=34.1± 2.3g; WW=33.2± 2.4g, p<0.001), reduced food intake (CC=26.3±0.8g; CW=17.0±0.6; WW=18.4±0.9g, p<0.001), and similar energetic intake were found among the groups fed on the western-style diet regardless to the exposure time. Also, the area under the curves of glucose tolerance test, glucose, triacylglycerol, VLDL-c and total cholesterol blood levels were higher in the western-style diet groups compared to the control groups (p<0.01). However, levels of hormones were different according to specific windows of dietary exposure. The CW group showed higher corticosterone (CC=263.4± 109.1;CW= 339.9±16.6; WW=305.5±16.2ng/mL, p<0.001) and leptin levels (CC=8.2 0.7;CW=14.5 1.4;WW=9.1 0.7ng/mL p<0.001); and the WW group showed raised insulin levels (CC=6.7±0.3;CW=8.0±0.3;WW=10.5±0.8ng/mL, p<0.001). Then, the western-style diet enhanced signals of metabolic imbalance in both groups, but the outcomes varied according to the windows of dietary exposure

Consequences on anthropometry and metabolism of offspring maintenance with low-protein diet since pregnancy to adult age / Consequências sobre a antropometria e o metabolismo em ratos submetidos a dieta com baixo teor de proteínas da gravidez até a idade adulta

The pre and early post natal is a period high susceptible to environmental insults for instance nutrition. There is a high metabolic demand necessary for the multiplication and differentiation of cells for the formation of tissues and organs and unbalanced diets affect metabolism at long term. The present study aimed to analyze physiological and metabolic parameters in male offspring submitted to the low protein diet in the perinatal life followed by a normoprotein diet or kept on the same maternal low protein diet after weaning. 12 female Wistar rats were matched with male of same strainand according maternal diet forming normoproteic and low-protein groups during gestation and lactation. At weaning three groups were randomly formed: CC (control-control), LP (low-protein-low protein) and LPC (low-protein-control). Somatic growth, feed intake, organ weight, biochemical parameters, liver fat, blood cell count and glucose tolerance test were analysed. The post-weaning "nutritional recovery" diet improved body mass and longitudinal length. But, the maintenance with low protein diet post weaning caused weight and length deficiency (P<0.001). Other parameters such as food intake, murinometric measurements, fasting gliscemia, visceral fat, organ weight, OGTT and biochemical parameters observed in the LPC were similar to CC. The LP groups caused lower area under the glycemic curve, lower visceral fat, but similar blood count, tibial growth and liver fat compared to control. The parameters evaluated in offspring submitted to nutritional recovery corroborate previous study, but the maintenance of offspring with low protein diet minimizes catch-up growth, but alters metabolic response to glucose

Interação entre dieta hipocalórica e ocidentalizada em ratos jovens exercitados ou não sobre o metabolismo e a preferência alimentar

Introduction: Adverse nutritional environment during the fetal period, lactation and infancy may favor occurrences of chronic diseases in the offspring. Objective: Analyze the effects of ingestion of a westernized diet on growth parameters, biochemistry, and food preference in the offspring of mothers fed a hypocaloric diet with or without physical activity. Methods. 40 rats were divided into 2 groups according to the diet: Control (n=20) and hypocaloric (n=20). The litters were composed of 8 pups, and at weaning 1 male pup from each litter was selected to compose new groups according to the westernized diet (C or H) and physical exercise (E and NE) composing the groups: CNE, CE, HNE and HE. Swimming was carried out from the weaning to the 62nd day of life and evaluated: Body weight, abdominal fat, biochemical parameters, food consumption and OGTT. Data expressed as mean, standard deviation, p<5% Results. Hypocaloric maternal diet caused 28% reduction in the weight of the pups at weaning; and the intake of the westernized diet post-weaning diet by the hypocaloric group equaled the groups in weight and length but did not modify food preference. Dyslipidemia was observed in HE and reduced body mass in CE compared to CNE at 63 days of life (CNE=306,1±57,8g; CE=235,5±31,5g; HNE=279,9±33,6g; HE=243,4±38,5g, p=0,0038). Conclusion. calorie restriction followed by westernized diet and exercise altered lipemic parameters, did not cause changes in dietary preference, and physical exercise reduced body mass in those fed a control diet before weaning, but not those fed a low-calorie diet before weaning.Introdução: Um ambiente nutricional adverso no período perinatal e infância pode favorecer ocorrências de doenças crônicas na prole. Objetivo: Analisar a repercussão da ingestão de dieta ocidentalizada sobre parâmetros de crescimento, bioquímicos e preferência alimentar em ratos descendentes de mães alimentadas com dieta hipocalórica submetidos ou não ao exercício físico. Métodos. 40 gestantes foram divididas em 2 grupos segundo a dieta: controle (n=20) e hipocalórico (n=20). As ninhadas foram compostas de 8 filhotes, e ao desmame 1 filhote macho de cada ninhada foi selecionado para compor novos grupos segundo a dieta ocidentalizada (C ou H) e o exercício físico (E e NE) compondo os grupos: CNE, CE, HNE e HE. A natação foi realizada do desmame ao 62º dia de vida e avaliou-se: massa corporal, gordura abdominal, parâmetros bioquímicos, consumo alimentar e TOTG. Dados expressos em média e desvio padrão e p<5%. Resultados. A dieta hipocalórica causou redução de 28% no peso dos filhotes ao desmame; e a ingestão da dieta ocidentalizada pós desmame pelo grupo hipocalórico igualou os grupos em peso e comprimento, mas não modificou a preferência alimentar. Observou-se dislipidemia no HE e redução da massa corporal no CE comparado ao CNE aos 63 dias de vida (CNE=306,1 ±57,8g; CE=235,5 ±31,5g; HNE=279,9 ±33,6g; HE=243,4 ±38,5g, p=0,0038). Conclusão. A restrição calórica seguida de dieta ocidentalizada e exercício alterou parâmetros lipêmicos sem mudanças na preferência alimentar, e o exercício físico reduziu a massa corporal nos alimentados com dieta controle antes do desmame, mas não os alimentados com dieta hipocalórica antes do desmame.

Daytime increase in caloric intake without change in total 24 hr caloric intake can increase adiposity but not total bodyweight in rats with inverted feeding pattern

Goal. To evaluate the effect of the food availability period on body weight, self-selection of macronutrients, adiposity, lipoprotein and serum glucose profiles without changing energy intake. Methods. Young male rats were divided into two groups according to the availability of food during the light and dark phases of the cycle forming two groups: control (CG) and group with inverted feeding pattern (IFPG). Before inversion of food availability on the 80th day, circadian food intake was measured every four hours over 24 hours during three days. The glycemic curve, an oral test for glucose tolerance, and self-selection of macronutrients were evaluated. Blood samples were collected for analysis of fasting glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol fractions. Results. The IFPG showed an increase in fasting glucose in the dark phase of the cycle, changes in the glycemic curve and oral glucose tolerance test. It also showed increased abdominal and liver fat and distinct choice of macronutrients compared to the CG. Conclusion. A change in the availability of food according to the phase of the circadian cycle produces changes in glucose and feeding circadian rhythm culminating in increased abdominal and hepatic fat. These effects can increase the risk of metabolic disorders and installation of chronic diseases.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author