Penurunan Nyeri Post Sectio Caesarea Melalui Teknik Relaksasi Benson dan Natural Sounds Berbasis Audio Visual

This study aims to research the results of the last ten years related to the effectiveness of Benson's relaxation and natural sounds against the decline in Post Sectio Caesarea pain. The method used in preparing this review literature is using several articles through nursing journals, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Ebsco. The results of a review of several pieces of the study indicate that 78% of standard care using Benson's effective relaxation intervention in reducing post section Caesarea and 62% treatment by combining natural sounds is proven to be effective in reducing pain. In conclusion, Benson's relaxation intervention, and natural sounds are non-pharmacological therapies that are proven effective in reducing the pain of post section Caesarea.   Keywords: Natural Sounds, Pain, Benson Relaxation, Caesarea Secti

Relaksasi Otot Progresif pada Penatalaksanaan Nyeri Pasien Pasca Operasi

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation interventions in reducing pain levels in postoperative patients. The research method used is scoping review. The results showed that the intervention of progressive muscle relaxation reduced postoperative patients' pain levels. In conclusion, advanced muscle relaxation interventions as non-pharmacological therapy effectively reduce postoperative pain levels.   Keywords: Pain, Postoperative, Progressive Relaxatio

PERBEDAAN MEMORI JANGKA PENDEK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MENDENGARKAN MUSIK SAAT LARI PADA DEWASA MUDA

Latar Belakang: Mendengarkan musik saat berolahraga diketahui dapat menimbulkan efek ergogenik dan mempengaruhi sistem kardiovaskuler. Namun, pengaruh kombinasi keduanya terhadap memori, sebagai salah satu fungsi kognitif yang penting pada proses pembelajaran usia dewasa muda, masih belum diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan memori jangka pendek sebelum dan sesudah mendengarkan musik saat lari pada kelompok dewasa muda. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan metode pre- dan post-test unequivalent group di Stadion Universitas Diponegoro. Subjek adalah kelompok usia dewasa muda (17-22 tahun) yang pada periode penelitian tercatat sebagai mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro (n=40) dan dipilih secara purposive sampling, kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok; kelompok lari selama 30 menit dengan mendengarkan musik (n=20) dan kelompok lari selama 30 menit tanpa medengarkan musik sebagai kontrol (n=20). Memori jangka pendek diukur dengan Scenery Picture Memory Test dan analisis data dilakukan dengan uji t-berpasangan, t-tidak berpasangan, Wilcoxon dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan memori jangka pendek yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah mendengarkan musik saat lari (p=0,00). Memori jangka pendek setelah lari dengan mendengarkan musik meningkat secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dengan rerata peningkatan sebesar 5,0 ± 2,66 pada kelompok lari dengan mendengarkan musik dan 3,05 ± 1,76 pada kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Mendengarkan musik saat lari dapat meningkatkan fungsi memori jangka pendek lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lari tanpa mendengarkan musik pada usia dewasa muda.. Kata kunci: Memori jangka pendek, lari, musik

EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN Carica pubescens TERHADAP JUMLAH LIMFOSIT TIKUS Sprague dawley YANG DIINDUKSI AZOXYMETHANE

Latarbelakang: Inflamasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam patofisiologi kanker kolorektal. Daun Carica pubescens yang mengandung flavonoid berpotensi sebagai agen preventif kanker kolorektal. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak daun Carica pubescens terhadap jumlah limfosit tikus Sprague dawley yang diinduksi azoxymethane. Metode: randomized post test control group design yang menggunakan 25 ekor tikus Sprague dawley jantan. Kontrol normal (K1) diinjeksi NaCl fisiologi. Kontrol sakit (K2) diinjeksi Azoxymethane satu kali seminggu selama dua minggu. Kelompok P1, P2, dan P3 diinjeksi Azoxymethane dan diberi ekstrak daun Carica pubescens dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, dan 400 mg/kgBB. Untuk analisis data digunakan One-Way Anova dan uji Post-Hoc. Hasil: Jumlah limfosit kelompok K2 (3100/μl±200,00) signifikan lebih tinggi daripada K1 (5460/μl±1647,1; p=0,000). Jumlah limfosit kelompok P1 (3260/μl±746,9) lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok K2 (p=0,001), P2 (5080/μl±630,0; p=0,004 ) dan P3 (4680/μl±476,4; p=0,020). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak daun Carica pubescens menyebabkan penurunan jumlah limfosit tikus Sprague dawley yang diinduksi azoxymethane. Kata Kunci: Carica pubescens, limfosit, inflamasi, kanker kolorekta

FORTIFIED DADIH (FERMENTED BUFFALO MILK) WITH VITAMIN D3 IMPROVES INTERLEUKIN-6 AND CAECUM SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ON DIET-INDUCED OBESE RAT

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of fortified dadih with vitamin D3 on IL-6 expression level and the concentration of caecum SCFA in obese rats. Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups: healthy-control-(K-), obese-control-(K+), obese-intervention-(X1, X2, and X3). K(+), X1, X2, and X3 were in obesity conditions, which was induced by a high-fat sucrose diet (HFSD) and K(-) as a healthy-control-group. Furthermore, vitamin D3-fortified dadih at doses of 4 g/200 g-body-weight/d, dadih only at doses of 4 g/200 g-body-weight/d, and vitamin D3 only at 36 IU/200 g-body-weight/d was administered to X1, X2, and X3 groups, respectively. Results: Treatment using fortified dadih with vitamin D3 showed significantly reduce weight gain (p&lt;0.05) compare to K(+) and X2. In addition, X1 showed a decreased level of Interleukin-6 expression (p&lt;0.05) than K(+), X2, and X3 groups but higher than K(-). Also, it showed the highest total SCFA, acetate, and propionate concentration (p&lt;0.05). However, a moderately negative correlation was discovered between the pair of total SCFA and Interleukin-6 expression, acetate and Interleukin-6 expression, SCFA and body weight, propionate and body weight, butyrate and body weight. On the contrary, a strong positive correlation was observed between the pair of Interleukin-6 expression levels and body weight. Conclusion: This study shows that fortified dadih with vitamin D3 from fermented foods improve the expression level of Interleukin-6 and increase the production of SCFA. Also, they improve intestinal homeostasis because of the increased SCFA production

Garcinia Mangostana Pericarp Extract Protection on Reproductive Function of Obese-Diabetic Rats Model

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese has been considered a risk factor for male infertility. Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (GMPE) is known to have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GMPE therapy on reproductive function in obese T2DM rats by examining testosterone level, testicular histopathological features, and hs-CRP level. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 2–3 months, were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated with a standard diet (NC), high-fat diet (HFD) with GMPE 200 mg/kgBW (obese GMPE control/OGC200), HFD with 45 mg/kgBW STZ-NA (obese-diabetic control/ODC), obese-diabetic rats with GMPE 100 (DG100); 200 (DG200); and 400 mg/kgBW (DG400). STZ-NA was administered after 8 weeks of HFD treatment and followed by GMPE for 8 weeks after T2DM was confirmed. The level of hs-CRP and testosterone were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Testicular histopathological examination was measured after 8 weeks of treatment by using Modified Jonhson Score (MJS) with HE staining. Results: ODC rats significantly showed increased hs-CRP level compared to NC (8.76±0.27 vs 0.30±0.07 ng/mL, p<0.001) and reduced testosterone level and MJS compared to NC (73.69±2.22 vs 170.14±1.34 ng/dL, 4.57±0.93 vs 9.87±0.16 MJS, respectively, P<0.001). Testosterone and hs-CRP levels showed a negative and significant correlation (r=-0.974 and p<0.001). On the treatment group, GMPE significantly reduced hs-CRP and increased testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: GMPE effectively protects reproductive function in obese DM rats by increasing testosterone levels and advanced spermatogenesis, as well as decreasing hs-CRP leve

Application of Liquid Smoke on Milkfish (Chanos chanos) and Catfish (Clarias batrachus) as an Effort to Improve the Smoked Products Quality

Fish smoking in Indonesia is still used traditionally, and generally used hot smoking method. The products produced by traditional fish smoking do not meet the quality of products in accordance with Indonesian national standards (SNI). Liquid smoke can be applied to improve the quality of smoked fish products. The aimed of this activity was to the downstream the application of liquid smoke, which was invented through a research, to improve the quality and productivity of milkfish and catfish in UKM Dapoer Sehat dan Dapoer Helena, Semarang. The materials used in this research were milkfish and catfish. Both fish were processed into smoked fish using 5% liquid smoke, and these products were then analysed to discover their water activity, proximate composition, and total bacteria (TPC). The moisture contents of milkfish and catfish were 57.20 % and 59.53% respectively. The total number of bacteria (TPC) in both smoked fish had met the Indonesian smoked fish standard (SNI), which was a maximum 1 x 105 colonies/g. The smoked milkfish and catfish that were processed using liquid smoke with a concentration 5% had met the Indonesian smoked fish standard (SNI 2725:2013). The application of liquid smoke to smoked fish products can improve product quality, and the products are is safe for consumption

EFFICACY OF CATFISH (PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS) OIL TO OVERCOME STUNTING BY REDUCING INFLAMMATORY CONDITION

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil on hs-CRP and transthyretin levels of undernourished Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. Healthy control (KN) is normal rats that consumed a standard diet only and negative control (K-) is undernourished rats that consumed a protein-free diet only. Undernourished rats that consumed a protein free diet and catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil at doses 0.020 ml/200 g-body-weight/d, 0.040 ml/200 g-body-weight/d and 0.060 ml/200 g-body-weight/d were classified to P1, P2 and P3 groups, respectively. Hs-CRP is a parameter to evaluate inflammatory condition. Transthyretin and body weight are parameters for measuring nutritional status. Results: Treatment of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil on P3 group significantly increases body weight of rats (p&lt;0.05) compare to K-, P1 and P2 groups. There were significant difference of hs-CRP levels in P1, P2 and P3 groups (p&lt;0.05) compare to K-. Hs-CRP levels in P1, P2 and P3 groups compared lower to K-but higher than KN. The mean value of hs-CRP levels in the P3 group (dose 0.060 ml/200 g-body-weight/d) was lower than the other treatment groups. Otherwise, there were no significant difference of TTR levels in P1, P2 and P3 group (p&gt;0.05) compared to K-. Conclusion: The present study showed that catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil has the potential effect to increase body weight and reduce inflammatory biomarker (hs-CRP) levels but has no effect to increase TTR levels in undernourished Wistar rats

Skipping and Running Improve Short-Term Memory in Young Adults

Background: Aerobic exercise has been reported to improve memory function. Skipping and running are known as sports that easy to do and like by young adults. However, their effect to improve short-term memory in young adults has not been studied yet. Objective: to know the effect of skipping and running to improve short-term memory in young adults. Method: This study used quasi experimental research design with pre- and post-test unequivalent group. The subjects were medical students of Diponegoro University (n = 80), aged 18-22 years old, who were selected by purposive sampling and divided into 4 groups: skipping 3 times a week for 8 weeks (n=20), group without exercise as a skipping control (n=20), running with music for 30 minutes (n=20), and running only as its control. Short-term memory in pre- and post-test were measured using Scenery Picture Memory Test and data were analyzed using paired t-test, unpaired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney. Results: There was a significant difference in short-term memory (p<0.05) after skipping or running either with music or not (p=0.000). Short-term memory in skipping and running with music groups were significantly increase (p<0.05) compared with its each control, 3.6±2.63 vs 0.95±3.12, and 5.0±2.66 vs 3.05±1.76, respectively Conclusion: Short-term memory can be improved by regular skipping exercise and running particulalrly with music in young adults

Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and glutathione combination in spleen TNF-α and apoptotic index in rats with cholestasis

Background: Cholestasis is a disorder of the formation or flow of bile. Among its contributors, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α stands out as the most influential inducer of apoptosis. Meanwhile, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a valuable agent with choleretic properties, protecting the hepatobiliary system. Glutathione (GSH) enhances endothelial response and prevents liver fibrosis Objectives: This study evaluates the effect of a combination of GSH-UDCA on splenic TNF-α expression and apoptosis index in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with cholestasis Methods: This experiment with a post-tests-only control group design involving 28 male SD rats. They were randomly into four groups: group (K) with 20 mg UDCA, group 1 (P1) with 10 mg UDCA + 10 mg GSH, group 2 (P2) was given UDCA 20 mg + GSH 15 mg, and group 3 (P3) was given UDCA 30 mg + GSH 20 mg. Cholestasis was obtained by ligation of the common bile duct through a laparotomy. During three weeks of trial, rats were administered daily with UDCA orally and GSH intramuscularly. On day 22, rats were sacrificed and spleen samples were taken for anatomical pathology examination. Results: There were significant differences in TNF-α expression between groups K vs P3; P1 vs P3, and P2 vs P3 (p=0.002). There was a significant difference in the apoptotic index between groups K vs P1 (p<0.001); K vs P2 (p=0.004), and K vs P3 (p=0.005). Conclusions: The UDCA-GSH combination demonstrated a prophylactic effect in SD rats with cholestasis and might be an effective supplemental therapy with UDCA for cholestatic diseases. The difference in TNF-α expression and apoptotic index was lower in SD rats UDCA-glutathione combination group than single dose UDCA. Between TNF-α and the apoptotic index, there is a moderate positive relation