Antioxidant activity of cowpea protein isolate hydrolyzed by pepsin

Antioxidant activity was studied for hydrolysates obtained from cowpea protein isolate by enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin. Effects of 3 hydrolysis parameters: pH, temperature, and time were analysed using response surface methodology. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates. This model was adequate to fit experimental data and explained more than 85% of the variation. Interaction between pH and temperature was the major effect affecting antioxidant activity. Optimum antioxidant activity was observed after hydrolysis for 176 min, at pH 2.15, and temperature 38.2 °C. Under these conditions, the predicted antioxidant activity (22.69%) was in agreement with the experimental one. Degree of hydrolysis of the hydrolysate under optimum conditions was 25.70%, and the electrophoretic profile revealed the cleavage of several protein bands present in the isolate

Effects of increasing acylation and enzymatic hydrolysis on functional properties of bambara bean (Vigna subterranea) protein concentrate

Bambara bean protein concentrate was acylated and partially hydrolysed with pancreatin in order to improve its functional properties. Increasing acetylation and succinylation (from 0.0 to 1.0 g anhydride/g concentrate) modified lysine at similar rate. Acylation markedly improved protein solubility and water solubility index at neutral pH, which reached to 92 and 94%, respectively. Acetylation showed greater effect on emulsifying activity, which was maximum at 0.5 g anhydride/g concentrate, and emulsifying stability was higher at 0.25 g anhydride/g concentrate. A significant increase in foam capacity was recorded at 0.5 g succinic anhydride/g concentrate, and foam stability decreased detrimentally following acylation. Fat absorption capacity was not improved by acylation. At pH 3.5, protein solubility of acylated concentrate was low (<14%). Hydrolysis of protein concentrate with pancreatin resulted in significant increase in protein solubility at neutral pH. At isoelectric pH, solubility of protein hydrolysates increased with the increasing degree of hydrolysis

Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson: A Reluctant First Lady

First Lady Rachel Jackson has become a symbol of America\u27s folksy, pioneer past and her home, the Hermitage, still stands as a stately symbol of southern wealth and hospitality. However, the notoriously dirty presidential campaigns of 1824 and 1828 turned Rachel\u27s marriage to General Jackson, her morality, and her intelligence into fodder for political scandal mongering. Her successor, Emily Donelson, dealt also with the politics of gender and power as White House Hostess during the Petticoat Affair, a scandal that resulted in the almost complete removal of Jackson\u27s cabinet in 1831. As this chapter shows, recent scholarship focusing on these issues and on the life of Rachel Jackson in relation to the American frontier, parenthood, and slavery answers many questions regarding the ladies of the Jackson White House while bringing up many more, which await the study of future historians

Income Smoothing Via Loan Loss Provisions and IFRS Implication: Evidence from Ethiopian Banks

text Using a single stage regression that models the non-discretionary part of loan loss provisions, we establish whether Ethiopian banks use loan loss provisions to smooth their income in a country with no foreign banks and high dominance of state ownership. Existing literature suggests that banks use loan loss provisions as a tool for income smoothing. Results support bank income smoothing via loan loss provisions and need of external fund have significant positive influence on loan loss provisioning towards income smoothing practice of Ethiopian banks in anticipation to attract external funds. Keywords: Banks, Ethiopia, IFRS, Income Smoothing, Loan Loss Provisions. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-16-06 Publication date:June 30th 2019

Trends and Issues of ‘Other Income’ Tax Administration in Ethiopia: A Case for ERCA West Addis Ababa Branch

The main objective of this study was to examine schedule ‘D’ income known as ‘other income’ tax administration trends and issues in Ethiopia at ERCA West Addis Ababa Medium Taxpayers Branch. To achieve this objective both primary and secondary data were employed and descriptive research design was used. The major findings of the study indicated that the branch office plans and collections of taxes levied on other income was limited to income from dividends, winnings of game, capital gain on share of stock, royalties, and interest on deposit among others. Besides most of these taxes collection by the branch office went down and declining throughout the recent three years. Less efforts made by the branch office in providing information technology, law enforcement, imposing penalties, developing organized data handling system, and awareness creation accompanied with non-compliance and tax evasion of the taxpayers were the main causes for other income tax administration inefficiency. The study also revealed that low compliance level of other income taxpayers couldn’t arises from the taxpayers’ knowledge gap rather it could be raised from the low tax moral and attitude of taxpayers towards paying tax. Keywords: Ethiopia, other/schedule ‘D’ income, tax administration DOI: 10.7176/DCS/9-7-02 Publication date:July 31st 2019

From the Commons to the Spartan Floor: Enhancing Digital Literacy Through Technology-Integrated Spaces

While Learning and Research Commons have become, well, common, in university libraries, San Jose State University’s Library has sought to move beyond the Commons or even makerspaces to create a technology-integrated learning environment within the library that addresses the digital literacy needs of our students while providing the comfortable, collaborative areas they seek. An entire floor of the library has been dedicated to this effort and christened the “Spartan Floor” (in honor of our school mascot). The Spartan Floor is made up of four components: Integrated technologies, including mediascapes, a touchscreen table, an interactive whiteboard, and digital signage. Student Computing Services that lends over 400 devices, including PC laptops, MacBooks Pros, and iPads. A Student Technology Training Center that provides bi-weekly workshops on Microsoft Office, Adobe, iMovie, and SPSS; open lab hours for student drop-ins staffed by a dedicated technology trainer and a peer tutor; and email help with software and hardware questions. The Creative Media Lab, a collaborative space equipped with audio and video editing suites, a game development/animation workstation, and a large viewing screen for presentation practice, gaming, and group work. The Spartan Floor project began with a laptop checkout desk that was established on the library’s 4th floor. Frequent questions at this and other public service desks regarding software assistance led to the creation of a Student Technology Training Center (STTC). The STTC was strategically located adjacent to Student Computing Services so students could be easily referred. A dedicated Student Technology Trainer was hired along with a peer mentor to staff the STTC. During subsequent technology training workshops and one-on-one consultations, we became aware of a lack of access to the more expensive, advanced tools and applications students needed to realize their roles as content creators. It seemed a natural extension of the STTC to add a Creative Media Lab that would be overseen by the Student Technology Trainer. High-end media tools such as Pro-Tools, Cinema 4D, GameMaker and a full-size keyboard were made available there. The success of the STTC, and indeed the entire Spartan Floor, relies on outreach through the technology trainer’s participation in campus life and events, including diversity task forces and student organizations. Social media has also been tapped, with Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram being used to market workshops, Creative Media Lab events, and the staff themselves. The transformation of library space to technology-integrated centers of learning, where students can gain and apply digital literacy skills, is necessary to prepare students for their future careers. Preliminary assessment of the Spartan Floor services are very encouraging and support expansion of this concept into other library spaces

Hotspot Program for Digital Inclusion: Bridging the Divide through Hotspots, Training, and Self-Efficacy

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on student learning and service delivery. While it is widely perceived in the United States that everyone has internet access, only 47% of households making under 20,000 have broadband access (Sisneros &Sponsler 2016). With the rapid move to online learning during COVID-19, internet access became critical to student success; the expectation that all students would have access to the internet while learning from home was a common misconception. Lack of access to unlimited internet connectivity during online learning creates inequity between students along socio-economic lines. To address this inequity, SJSU Library proposed and received 150K for the Digital Inclusion Hotspot Program (DIHP) from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (ILMS). DIHP offers 100 hotspots to historically underserved student populations, along with information and digital literacy instruction, to help bridge the digital divide created by this lack of reliable internet access. Participants are also enrolled in a year-long online course in Canvas. Here they engage with skill-building modules and are able to communicate with instructors and peers. DIHP asks participants to complete a pre- and post- survey gauging self-efficacy in their digital literacy skills and ability to reliably access electronic content required for academic success. This poster session provides an overview of the DIHP program, including the findings of a pre- and post-survey addressing students’ digital skill self-efficacy, an overview of the Canvas course modules highlighting library digital resources, and student reflections on their experiences in the DIHP program

The Relations between Digitalization, Service Innovation and Service Value Creation Capability: A Model Adaption in the Service Industry

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of service innovation and service value creation capability on the digitalization process on a firm scale. Methodology: The 1-7-point Likert-type measurement scale was administered to tourism enterprise managers and operational staff. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) modeling was used to analyze the relationships among the following constructs: service innovation capability, service value creation capability, and effect on digitalization. Three types of service facilities were considered: Hospitality, Food & Beverage (F&B), and health care. Descriptive analysis and model structure were analyzed on SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 3.0 respectively. Findings: The relationship between service value creation capability and digitalization service innovation capability and service value creation capability, and service value creation capability and digitalization is supported, as all other constructed hypotheses respectively. Originality: This study is one of a limited number of studies that have empirically addressed service innovation capability and value creation capability relations with digitalization in firms’ operational processes. Additional attempt is required to integrate all functions of the enterprise with in organizational perspective. The main contributions of this paper lie in proposing empirical research that supports service innovation capability, service value creation capability, and digitalization in the case of tourism enterprises