Process optimization, physicochemical characterization and antioxidant potential of novel wine from an underutilized fruit Carissa spinarum L. (Apocynaceae)

Abstract Carissa spinarum L., is a tropical underutilized fruit abundantly available during summer season, which is delicious to taste with an astringency flavor and fruity aroma. Hence, the present investigation was aimed at optimizing fermentation conditions for the production of wine and to assess its physiochemical composition and antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology coupled with central composite design was employed for the optimization studies. It was determined that fermentation temperature of 25°C, pH of 3.5 and inoculum size of 10% (v/v) resulted in quality wine with 8.3% (v/v) of ethanol content. Further, physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the optimized wine was found to be significantly higher or on par with other tropical fruit wines reported previously. Sensory analysis indicated that wine was good in terms of overall acceptability. Thus, availability of C. spinarum fruits during their glut season can be utilized for winemaking and could generate revenue among rural households further adding significant input to the economy of fruit wine market

Crosstalk interferences on impedance measurements in battery packs

In order to provide the required power and energy for e.g. automotive applications, a multitude of cells is assembled into a battery pack. For safety and control purposes it is of interest to equip every single cell with an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement system. However, performing EIS measurements simultaneously on each cell in a battery pack introduces crosstalk interferences in surrounding cells. This causes EIS measurements in battery packs to be inaccurate. An experimental investigation on a battery pack showed that crosstalk is a linear phenomenon which is dependent on the measurement frequency, the relative position of the cells and the inter-cell spacing. Based on the experimental results and a proposed two-coil model with inductive coupling, a transfer-function description has been developed in order to simulate the crosstalk behavior. This model can be used as a supporting tool in the development of ElS-based measurement systems in battery packs

Towards impedance‐based temperature estimation for Li‐ion battery packs

In order to meet the required power and energy demand of battery‐powered applications, battery packs are constructed from a multitude of battery cells. For safety and control purposes, an accurate estimate of the temperature of each battery cell is of vital importance. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the battery temperature can be inferred from the impedance. However, performing EIS measurements simultaneously at the same frequency on each cell in a battery pack introduces crosstalk interference in surrounding cells, which may cause EIS measurements in battery packs to be inaccurate. Also, currents flowing through the pack interfere with impedance measurements on the cell level. In this paper, we propose, analyse, and validate a method for estimating the battery temperature in a battery pack in the presence of these disturbances. First, we extend an existing and effective estimation framework for impedance‐based temperature estimation towards estimating the temperature of each cell in a pack in the presence of crosstalk and (dis)charge currents. Second, the proposed method is analysed and validated on a two‐cell battery pack, which is the first step towards development of this method for a full‐size battery pack. Monte Carlo simulations are used to find suitable measurement settings that yield small estimation errors and it is demonstrated experimentally that, over a range of temperatures, the method yields an accuracy of ±1°C in terms of bias, in the presence of both disturbances

Crosstalk interferences on impedance measurements in battery packs

In order to provide the required power and energy for e.g. automotive applications, a multitude of cells is assembled into a battery pack. For safety and control purposes it is of interest to equip every single cell with an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement system. However, performing EIS measurements simultaneously on each cell in a battery pack introduces crosstalk interferences in surrounding cells. This causes EIS measurements in battery packs to be inaccurate. An experimental investigation on a battery pack showed that crosstalk is a linear phenomenon which is dependent on the measurement frequency, the relative position of the cells and the inter-cell spacing. Based on the experimental results and a proposed two-coil model with inductive coupling, a transfer-function description has been developed in order to simulate the crosstalk behavior. This model can be used as a supporting tool in the development of ElS-based measurement systems in battery packs