16 research outputs found
Intramuscular vaccination of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) induces inflammatory reactions and local immunoglobulin M production at the vaccine administration site
Atlantic lumpfish were vaccinated by intramuscular (im) or intraperitoneal (ip) injection with a multivalent oilâbased vaccine, while control fish were injected with phosphateâbuffered saline. Four lumpfish per group were sampled for skin/muscle and head kidney tissue at 0, 2, 7, 21 and 42 days postâimmunization (dpi) for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gene expressions of secretory IgM, membraneâbound IgM, IgD, TCRα, CD3Δ and MHC class IIÎČ were studied in tissues by using qPCR. Im. vaccinated fish showed vaccineâinduced inflammation with formation of granulomas and increasing number of eosinophilic granulocyteâlike cells over time. On IHC sections, we observed diffuse intercellular staining of secretory IgM at the injection site at 2 dpi, while IgM + cells appeared in small numbers at 21 and 42 dpi. Skin/muscle samples from im. vaccinated fish demonstrated an increase in gene expression of IgM mRNA (secretory and membraneâbound) at 21 and 42 dpi and small changes for other genes. Our results indicated that im. vaccination of lumpfish induced local IgM production at the vaccine injection site, with no apparent proliferation of IgM + cells. Eosinophilic granulocyteâlike cells appeared shortly after im. injection and increased in numbers as the inflammation progressed.publishedVersio
Nanopore sequencing for rapid diagnostics of salmonid RNA viruses
This work received support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant BB/M010996/1) and Marine Scotland Science. The authors thank Dr Elena Fringuelli (Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast) for providing some of the SAV material used.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Challenges and Economic Implications in the Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from the Zambian Experience
Foot and mouth disease is one of the worldâs most important livestock diseases for trade. FMD infections are complex in nature and there are many epidemiological factors needing clarification. Key questions relate to the control challenges and economic impact of the disease for resource-poor FMD endemic countries like Zambia. A review of the control challenges and economic impact of FMD outbreaks in Zambia was made. Information was collected from peer-reviewed journals articles, conference proceedings, unpublished scientific reports, and personal communication with scientists and personal field experiences. The challenges of controlling FMD using mainly vaccination and movement control are discussed. Impacts include losses in income of over US 2.7 million on preventive measures. Further impacts included unquantified losses in production and low investment in agriculture resulting in slow economic growth. FMD persistence may be a result of inadequate epidemiological understanding of the disease and ineffectiveness of the control measures that are being applied. The identified gaps may be considered in the annual appraisal of the FMD national control strategy in order to advance on the progressive control pathway
Molecular detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) genome in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Victoria
Proceedings of the 35 scientific conference of the Tanzania Veterinary Association held at AICC, Arusha, December 2017.ilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen of Tilapiines associated with high mortalities of wild and farmed
tilapia posing great threat to the fishery industry worldwide. The virus has been reported in Israel, Ecuador, Colombia,
Thailand, Egypt, Taiwan, India and Malaysia. In this study, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
assay was developed and used to detect TiLV genome in Nile tilapia from Lake Victoria. Nile tilapia samples were
collected from the Tanzanian (108 fish) and Ugandan (83 fish) parts of Lake Victoria in 2015 and 2016, respectively.
Samples were screened for TiLV by using RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced. The findings show that out of
the 191 fish examined, 28 had PCR products showing the presence of TiLV genome. The TiLV nucleic acids were
detected in the spleen (10.99%, N=191), head kidney (7.69%, N=65), heart (3.45%, N=29) and liver (0.71%, N=140)
samples while no PCR amplification was detected in the brain by the developed RT-PCR method. Generally, the findings
show that the lymphoid organs, mainly comprising of the head kidney and spleen had the highest number of samples with
positive nucleic acids for TiLV followed by heart samples. On the contrary, the liver and brain that have previously been
shown to be target organs during acute infection either did not have or had the lowest level of TiLV nucleic acids
detected in the present study. All the 28 sequences retrieved had an average length of 768 bp. A blast analysis on NCBI
showed that all sequences obtained were homologous to TiLV segment-2 sequences obtained from previous outbreaks in
Israel and Thailand. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of TiLV subclinical infections in Nile tilapia in Lake
Victoria, a none-outbreak area
Molecular detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) genome in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Victoria
Proceedings of the 35 scientific conference of the Tanzania Veterinary Association held at AICC, Arusha, December 2017.ilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen of Tilapiines associated with high mortalities of wild and farmed
tilapia posing great threat to the fishery industry worldwide. The virus has been reported in Israel, Ecuador, Colombia,
Thailand, Egypt, Taiwan, India and Malaysia. In this study, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
assay was developed and used to detect TiLV genome in Nile tilapia from Lake Victoria. Nile tilapia samples were
collected from the Tanzanian (108 fish) and Ugandan (83 fish) parts of Lake Victoria in 2015 and 2016, respectively.
Samples were screened for TiLV by using RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced. The findings show that out of
the 191 fish examined, 28 had PCR products showing the presence of TiLV genome. The TiLV nucleic acids were
detected in the spleen (10.99%, N=191), head kidney (7.69%, N=65), heart (3.45%, N=29) and liver (0.71%, N=140)
samples while no PCR amplification was detected in the brain by the developed RT-PCR method. Generally, the findings
show that the lymphoid organs, mainly comprising of the head kidney and spleen had the highest number of samples with
positive nucleic acids for TiLV followed by heart samples. On the contrary, the liver and brain that have previously been
shown to be target organs during acute infection either did not have or had the lowest level of TiLV nucleic acids
detected in the present study. All the 28 sequences retrieved had an average length of 768 bp. A blast analysis on NCBI
showed that all sequences obtained were homologous to TiLV segment-2 sequences obtained from previous outbreaks in
Israel and Thailand. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of TiLV subclinical infections in Nile tilapia in Lake
Victoria, a none-outbreak area