Detection of Psychotropic Compound in Coprophilous Fungi in District of Baturraden Banyumas Regency

Coprophilous fungi or dung loving fungi are a group of fungi adapted to life on dung and fecal pellets of herbivorous animals. Coprophilous fungi contain psychotropic compounds. Psychotropics compounds are substances or drugs, both natural and synthetic, not narcotics, which have psychoactive properties through a selective influence on the central nervous system which causes distinctive changes in mental activity and behavior. Chemical Spot Test still remain an important tool for the preliminary identification of illicit drugs and other psychotropic compound in spite of developments in instrumental technology and the increased portability of this technology which enables its use in the field. Banyumas Regency is a very potential area as a habitat for coprophilous fungi, specifically in Baturraden District because there are many cattle farms where the dung is where the fungi grow, also the climate is suitable for fungal growth. make an inventory and identify the coprophilous fungi found in District of Baturraden Banyumas Regency and to detect the presence of psychotropic compound in the fungi. The research will be conducted using purposive random sampling and Color Test or Chemical Spot Test analysis. The obtained data is analyzed descriptively by comparing with Atlas of The Munsell Color System. This research obtained seven genera of coprophilous fungi i.e: Coprinellus sp., Coprinopsis sp., Entoloma sp., Gymnopus sp., Lepiota sp., Parasola sp. and Stropharia sp. that discovered in two cattle farms in Baturraden District

Utilization of Pleurotus ostreatus And Lentinus squarrosulus In The Manufacture of Mycelium-Based Biocomposite Using Sugarcane Bagasse And Cornstalk Media

Biocomposite is a type of composite consisting of a polymer matrix material and natural fiber reinforcement. Biocomposite technology, especially natural fibers, is currently in demand. The reasons are environmentally friendly, availability of many raw materials, low production costs, biodegradable, and recyclable.  Natural fibers used in the form of agricultural waste such as sugarcane bagasse and corn stalks while the mycelium of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus are used as natural adhesives. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of the type of white-rot fungus and the composition of the lignocellulosic material of agricultural waste that affects the quality of the resulting biocomposite board and to obtain the optimal type of white-rot fungus and the optimal composition of lignocellulosic material from agricultural waste to manufacture mycelium-based biocomposite board. The research method used a completely randomized design with ten treatments with three replications. The treatments used 2 types of mushroom (P. ostreatus and L. squarrosulus) with 2 types of Lignocellulosic materials (Sugarcane bagasse and Cornstalk) and each lignocellulosic material has 4 types of compositions (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%). The main parameter was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with an error rate of 5%, then further tested with post hoc Duncan at 95% confidence level to compare the effect between treatments. The results showed that the treatment of the type of fungus and the lignocellulosic material used affects the quality of the resulting biocomposite board. L. squarrosulus in 100% sugarcane bagasse media is the optimal type of white-rot fungus and the optimal composition of lignocellulosic material to manufacture mycelium-based biocomposite board

Optimasi Pertumbuhan Miselium Jamur Trametes sp. pada Media Membran Dekolorisasi Dengan Komposisi Bahan Organik yang Berbeda

White rot fungus species such as Trametes sp. have been known to  able to decolorize azo dyes, heterocyclics, and reactive or polymeric compounds through the degradation of ligninolytic enzymes. Decolorization membrane is a medium that used as a means to reduce waste, one of which is batik waste. The decolorization membrane is made in a certain form by functioning as a growth medium for fungal mycelium which is used as an alternative in bioreactors. The main ingredient for making decolorizing membranes is sawdust. Other materials needed are supplements such as lime (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), and water. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 treatments and each with 5 replications. The results showed that differences in the composition of the organic matter media affected the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Trametes sp. Differences in the composition of each treatment showed significant results. Further test data showed that the composition of P3 was the optimum membrane medium for the mycelium growth of the fungus Trametes sp. with a composition of 65% sawdust, 15% rice bran, 5% lime, 5% gypsum, and the addition of 10% milled corn. The results also show that the nutrients contained in the media can affect the growth of mycelium. The addition of the composition has a good effect on the growth of the mycelium as long as the composition is calculated correctly.Spesies jamur pelapuk putih seperti Trametes sp. telah diketahui mampu mendekolorisasi pewarna azo, heterosiklik dan senyawa reaktif atau polimerik melalui degradasi enzim lignolitik. Membran dekolorisasi merupakan media yang digunakan sebagai sarana untuk mengurangi limbah salah satunya limbah batik. Membran dekolorisasi dibuat dalam suatu bentuk tertentu dengan memfungsikannya sebagai media pertumbuhan miselium jamur yang digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam bioreaktor. Bahan utama pembuatan membran dekolorisasi adalah serbuk kayu. Bahan lain yang diperlukan adalah suplemen seperti kapur (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), dan air. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 5 perlakuan dan masing-masing dengan 5 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan komposisi media bahan organik mempengaruhi pertumbuhan miselium jamur Trametes sp. Perbedaan komposisi pada masing-masing perlakuan menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Data uji lanjut memperlihatkan bahwa komposisi P3 merupakan media membran yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan miselium jamur Trametes sp. dengan komposisi serbuk gergaji 65%, bekatul 15%, kapur 5%, gypsum 5%, dan penambahan jagung giling 10%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa nutrisi yang terdapat didalam media dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan miselium. Penambahan komposisi mempunyai pengaruh yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan miselium sepanjang komposisi berapa pada kalkulasi yang tepat

Deteksi Senyawa Psikotropika pada Jamur Koprofil yang Ditemukan di Wilayah Eks Karesidenan Banyumas Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Penelitian sebelumnya pada tahun 2018 di wilayah Eks Karesidenan Banyumas (Kabupaten: Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, dan Cilacap) mendapatkan adanya 12 genera jamur koprofil yang yaitu Panaeolus, Coprinopsis, Stropharia, Tricholoma, Lycoperdon, Ascobolus, Rhodocybe, Conocybe, Bolbitius, Leucocoprinus, Mycena, dan Hypholoma; Indeks dominansi genera jamur koprofil di wilayah eks Karesidenan Banyumas adalah sebesar 0,329; dan Jamur koprofil yang diperoleh dengan frekuensi kemunculan paling banyak adalah Coprinopsis (34,4%) dan Panaeolus (30,1%). Sebagai langkah awal dari pengenalan potensi psikotropika yang terkandung dalam jamur-jamur koprofil yang diperoleh di lingkungan sekitar, maka telah dilaksanakan penelitian mengenai deteksi keberadaan senyawa tersebut pada jamur-jamur koprofil yang telah didapatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi adanya kandungan senyawa psikotropika pada jamur-jamur koprofil yang diperoleh di wilayah Eks Karesidenan Banyumas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode eksperimental-kualitatip dengan teknik analisis Chemical Spot Test/Uji Warna terhadap keberadaan kandungan senyawa psikotropika pada jamur-jamur yang diperoleh menggunakan Reagen Ehrlich dan Reagen Marquis. Data hasil deteksi senyawa psikotropika pada jamur koprofil yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dari ke 12 genera tersebut, 3 spesies dari masing-masing genus yaitu Panaeolus sp., Conocybe sp., dan Stropharia sp. terdeteksi sebagai spesies jamur psikotropika dengan memberikan reaksi warna yang positip pada kedua maupun salah satu reagen uji

Risk factors for acute otitis media in primary school children: a case-control study in Central Java, Indonesia

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common disease in young children requiring antibiotic treatment. Information on AOM-related determinant risk factors in primary school children is still limited, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to identify risk factors related to AOM in primary school children in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.Design and Methods: This is an analytical study with a case-control design in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. 3574 children from 6 regions of the Banyumas Regency were recruited for the screening of AOM detection, and confirmation of AOM diagnosis was determined by Otolaryngologist. One hundred and twenty-five cases and 125 control were involved in this study. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire focusing on several variables such as household cooking fuel, house environment, smoking exposure, knowledge of parents, and nutrition status. Univariate, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate with regression logistic was conducted for data analysis. Results: This study highlights the risk of household firewood use (p=0.003), poor nutritional status (p=0.009), and a family history of ear infections (p=0.015) with an increased risk of otitis media.Conclusions: Household firewood use, poor nutritional status and family history of ear infection are factors associated with the occurrence of acute otitis media. It is necessary to provide public health education to prevent exposure to fuel at risk for children and to improve their nutritional status

Prevalence of Streptococcus Pneumonia and Haemophillus Influenza in primary school children that diagnosed acute otitis media

Acute otitis media (AOM) remains a disease that cause major public health problem worldwide. Less information about its prevalence in Indonesia, especially in Java.  The most common bacterial causes of AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. There is increasing evidence that the predominant causative pathogen in AOM is changing from Streptococcus pneumoniae to non-typeable Haemophilus influenza since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophillus influenzae in AOM in primary school children in Banyumas Regency. The design of this study was cross sectional and we conducted multistage random sampling to recruit the subject. Approximately 3,574 school children in Urban Banyumas Regency were screened based on the diagnose of AOM by Otolaryngologist. The resultof this study showed that the prevalence of AOM was 4,64 % (166 children were diagnosed with AOM).  In AOM samples, the prevalence of  Streptococcus pneumonia  was found in 78,4 % by optochin test, while that of Haemophillus influenzae was found in 70,4% based on the need of  X and V facto

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the growth medium of tomato plant toward fusarial wilt and to determine effective concentration and time of application of the extract to control the wilt. Experiments arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for in vitro antimicrobial assay and in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for in planta antimicrobial assay, both of which were to find out the inhibitory effect of the extract on colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht). f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. et Hans. (Fol).  The results indicated that neem leaf extract concentration of 5% applied at 7 DAP (Day After Planting) was the most effective treatment in inhibiting disease intensity of fusarial wilt on tomato plant showing inhibitory effect of up to 89.32%

Aplikasi Jamur Pelapuk Putih pada metode Biopulping berbahan dasar Limbah Daun Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendron)

biopulping limbah daun kayu putih lama dan limbah daun kayu putih baru dan mengetahui JPP terbaik untuk proses biopulping limbah daun kayu putih. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan berupa menginokulasikan JPP (Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ganoderma lucidum, dan Pleurotus tuberregium), tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Variabel penelitian terdiri atas variabel bebas berupa jenis JPP yang berbeda dan umur limbah,  variabel terikat berupa kemampuan biodelignifikasi JPP pada limbah daun kayu putih. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah kadar lignin dan kadar selulosa sebelum dan sesudah masa inkubasi daun kayu putih. Parameter pendukung yang diamati adalah berat limbah sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi, pH, dan Berat Media.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lignin dan selulosa pada seluruh perlakuan. Hasil rata-rata penurunan kadar lignin terbesar yakni pada perlakuan jamur P. tuberregium terhadap limbah daun kayu putih lama sebesar 0,014%. Penurunan kadar selulosa akhir tertinggi pada perlakuan jamur terbesar adalah pada jamur G. lucidum terhadap limbah daun kayu putih lama mengalami rata-rata penurunan selulosa terbesar 3,22%.  &nbsp

Effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract Through Cytotoxic Test and Apoptosis Mechanism of Cervical Cancer Cells

Pleurotus ostreatus is a common mushroom cultivated in Indonesia, and potential properties of bioactive compounds for medicinal mushroom. This study was aimed at obtaining P.ostreatus extract bioactive compounds potential in inhibiting the proliferation of cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and evaluating the HeLa cell proliferation kinetics and HeLa cell death mechanisms. The research was beneficial in making this product can be easily applied in a more controlled industrial scale. Anticancer activity test through a cytotoxic test using the MTT [3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-yl) -2.5-diphenyl tertrazolium bromide], the kinetics proliferation of HeLa cells and HeLa cell death mechanism was performed. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Ethyl acetate extract of P. ostreatus isolated from Madiun showed the best results with IC 50 = 107.59 µg / ml. HeLa cell proliferation kinetics analysis showed that the application of bioactive compounds 100 µg / ml resulted in an increase of in death of HeLa cells along with length of incubation time. An important finding was that HeLa cells death by apoptosis was greater than by necrosis.  In conclusion, the extracts of P. ostreatus  has the potential to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells. </p