Was macht erfolgreiche Bibliothekspolitik aus? Ein Seminarbericht

oai:journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de:article/16488Im Rahmen eines Seminars an der HTW Chur wurden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Bibliothekspolitik in der Schweiz erläutert. Ausgehend von wenigen Fällen, bei denen es zu Protesten oder anderen Aktivitäten gekommen ist, wurden Akteurinnen und Akteure und ihr Einfluss untersucht, mögliche politische Instrumente analysiert und diskutiert, wie sich Bibliotheken aktiv beteiligen können. Im Ergebnis stellte sich heraus, dass Netzwerke in die Gesellschaft und die Politik von grosser Bedeutung sind. Im Falle eines Konflikts (Budgetkürzung, geplante Schliessung etc.) kann sich dieses Netzwerk mit Hilfe der geeigneten politischen Instrumente für die Bibliothek einsetzen. Die Mobilisierung der Bevölkerung, die in den untersuchten Fällen klar auf der Seite der Bibliotheksanliegen war, ist dabei ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor

Agriculture urbaine et souveraineté alimentaire à Genève (Suisse), machines à consentement ou moteurs d'hybridation du référentiel agricole dominant ?

While they have long been considered as initiatives emanating from civil society or peasant movements, urban agriculture and food sovereignty are now integrated in policy design and instruments. On the one hand, alternative food movements actively seek to reach broader decision-making spheres. On the other hand, public authorities and private actors increasingly refer to such notions to guide or justify their action. The article questions the impacts of these trends from two main perspectives : their effect on the power relations between actors ; and their transformative potential, that is their capacity to alter a sectorial frame of reference driven by market and multi-functionality logics. The demonstration relies on a case study located in Geneva, Switzerland, concerned with the development of the regional brand Genève Region - Terre Avenir (GRTA). This case is interesting for three reasons : the close (and explicit) link to urban agriculture and food sovereignty, the collaborative forms of governance that have been developed in a country where the agro-food sector has long been considered as strongly corporatist, and the criteria of guarantee (quality, proximity, traceability and fairness) that distinguish GRTA from comparable brands. These singularities are explored through a cognitive approach, which considers change as the result of a confrontation between communities of actors whose belief systems diverge. Throughout the case study, compromises and imbalances between communities are highlighted. In the end, the difficulties to upset the dominant frame of reference are underlined

Ist die Bibliothek ein Dritter Ort? Ein Seminarbericht

Das Schlagwort „Dritter Raum” beziehungsweise „Dritter Ort” hat sich in den letzten Jahren im Bibliothekswesen etabliert. Es beschreibt strategische Entscheidungen von Bibliotheken, sich als Kommunikationsort und gesellschaftlichen Raum zu entwerfen. In einem Seminar an der HTW Chur wurde das Schlagwort einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen (1). Zuerst wurden die Herkunft und heutige Nutzung des Schlagworts überprüft (2). Dabei zeigten sich relevante Differenzen sowohl zwischen der Originalliteratur, die im US-amerikanischen Rahmen der 80er und 90er Jahre angesiedelt ist und der heutigen bibliothekarischen Verwendung, als auch zwischen Bibliotheken, die das Schlagwort nutzen. In einem weiteren Schritt überprüften Studierende in verschiedenen neu- oder umgebauten schweizerischen Bibliotheken forschend die These vom „Dritten Ort” (3). Die Arbeiten der Studierenden zeigten vor allem Bibliotheken, die infrastrukturell „Dritte Orte” sein wollen, aber von den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern nicht als solche akzeptiert werden. Der Text stellt die im Seminar geleistete Arbeit dar und schliesst (4) mit offenen Fragen, die sich aus den festgestellten Differenzen zwischen bibliothekarischem Diskurs, Realität in den Bibliotheken und Zielen der Originalliteratur ergeben. The term "Third Place" has become popular in librarianship in recent years. It describes strategic decisions made by libraries in order to turn themselves into places of communication and social interaction. In a seminar at HTW Chur, the term was critically discussed. (1) The origin and current use of the term “third place” were examined. (2) Some relevant differences were considered between its use in the original literature which is situated within the US context of the 80s and 90s, and today's library use, as well as between libraries that use the term; following this discussion, students examined the thesis of the "third place" in the context of various new or rebuilt Swiss libraries. (3) The research carried out by the students in particular libraries showed that they want to be "third places", but are not accepted as such by their users. This article presents the proceedings and outcomes of the seminar and concludes (4) with open questions that arise from the identified differences between the discourse of librarians, the reality in the libraries, and the intentions of the original literature

Friendships in Integrative Settings: Network Analyses in Organized Sports and a Comparison with School

Social networks affect health. In this empirical study, friendship networks in integrative organized sports were examined and then compared with friendship networks in integrative school. Relevant factors for friendship network formation were investigated, with a particular interest in the relevance of intellectual disability. Advanced social network analysis was performed using exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) on individual attributes and dyadic factors, while controlling for network structures. A meta-analysis of estimated ERGMs in each setting, organized sports and school, was conducted. When controlling for all other included factors, intellectual disability is not relevant for friendship networks in organized sports. Athletic ability and gender homophily are relevant factors, while language and similarity in athletic ability are not. Contrary to the results for organized sports, intellectual disability and speaking a foreign language at home are negative factors in friendship networks at school. Athletic ability is important in both settings. Regarding dyadic factors, gender homophily is important in both settings, but similarity in athletic ability is not. To foster the psychosocial health of children with intellectual disabilities, they should be encouraged to participate in integrative organized sports as, there, they are part of friendship networks in a manner equal to their peers without an intellectual disability

Delphi technique: the methods behind the Horizon Report

At the EAHIL Workshop in Edinburgh Guus van den Brekel and Rudolf Mumenthaler have presented the Delphi method, which is used for the Horizon Report (http://www.nmc.org/nmc-horizon/). The workshop session was titled Delphi technique: The methods behind the Horizon Report Library Edition and was held on Thursday the 11th of June. The authors of this report, as session leaders, ran through a smaller version of a Delphi process, although they actually had little time, the result was nevertheless very interesting

E-Books und E-Reader als Herausforderung für Bibliotheken

Beitrag während der Weimarer EDOC-Tage 201

Automated combined assignment of NOESY spectra and three-dimensional protein structure determination

A procedure for automated protein structure determination is presented that is based on an iterative procedure during which the NOESY peak list assignment and the structure calculation are performed simultaneously. The input consists of a list of NOESY peak positions and a list of chemical shifts as obtained from sequence-specific resonance assignment. For the present applications of this approach the previously introduced NOAH routine was implemented in the distance geometry program DIANA. As an illustration, experimental 2D and 3D NOESY cross-peak lists of six proteins have been analyzed, for which complete sequence-specific 1H assignments are available for the polypeptide backbone and the amino acid side chains. The automated method assigned 70-90% of all NOESY cross peaks, which is on average 10% less than with the interactive approach, and only between 0.8% and 2.4% of the automatically assigned peaks had a different assignment than in the corresponding manually assigned peak lists. The structures obtained with NOAH/DIANA are in close agreement with those from manually assigned peak lists, and with both approaches the residual constraint violations correspond to high-quality NMR structure determinations. Systematic comparisons of the bundles of conformers that represent corresponding automatically and interactively determined structures document the absence of significant bias in either approach, indicating that an important step has been made towards automation of structure determination from NMR spectr

Emotion recognition in simulated social interactions

Social context plays an important role in everyday emotional interactions, and others' faces often provide contextual cues in social situations. Investigating this complex social process is a challenge that can be addressed with the use of computergenerated facial expressions. In the current research, we use synthesized facial expressions to investigate the influence of socioaffective inferential mechanisms on the recognition of social emotions. Participants judged blends of facial expressions of shame-sadness, or of anger-disgust, in a target avatar face presented at the center of a screen while a contextual avatar face expressed an emotion (disgust, contempt, sadness) or remained neutral. The dynamics of the facial expressions and the head/gaze movements of the two avatars were manipulated in order to create an interaction in which the two avatars shared eye gaze only in the social interaction condition. Results of Experiment 1 revealed that when the avatars engaged in social interaction, target expression blends of shame and sadness were perceived as expressing more shame if the contextual face expressed disgust and more sadness when the contextual face expressed sadness. Interestingly, perceptions of shame were not enhanced when the contextual face expressed contempt. The latter finding is probably attributable to the low recognition rates for the expression of contempt observed in Experiment 2

Editorial – Rückblick und Call for Call for Papers

Die bisherige Entwicklung der Zeitschrift Informationspraxis wird zusammengefasst und die Möglichkeit dargestellt, eigene Call for Papers zu gestalten