Hyposplenism in gastro-intestinal disease

The hazards of living without a spleen were recognised by the paediatricians in the early 1960’s when they focussed attention on the syndrome of fulminant sepsis, often due to pneumococcal infection, occurring in young children within the first two years of splenectomy. The danger of post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS) extends into adult life and splenectomised patients remain at risk 10, 20 and even 30 years after the operation. Problems following splenectomy may just be the tip of the iceberg. It is clear that many other diseases are associated with impaired splenic function in the presence of intact spleens.peer-reviewe

Behavioural mHealth in developing countries: what about culture?

International audienceIn the absence of political action to address behavioural health in many developing countries (Lachat et al., 2013) one could suggest to simply make use of infrastructure that is already available – the mobile technology infrastructure. This seems sensible considering that modern mobiletechnology has reached almost every person on our planet. Additionally, the digital divide between developed and developing countries is closing and in 2016 95% of the global population has access to a mobile phone network while the number of mobile broadband subscriptions grows rapidlyespecially in developing countries (International Telecommunication Union, 2016). Mobile technology ownership is also not limited to any specific demographic because it is increasingly affordable and hence, there is potential to utilise behavioural mHealth approaches to successfully deal with NCDs in developing countries (Beratarrechea et al., 2014; Stephani, Opoku, & Quentin, 2016)

Non-face-to-face physical activity interventions in older adults: a systematic review

Physical activity is effective in preventing chronic diseases, increasing quality of life and promoting general health in older adults, but most older adults are not sufficiently active to gain those benefits. A novel and economically viable way to promote physical activity in older adults is through non-face-to-face interventions. These are conducted with reduced or no in-person interaction between intervention provider and program participants. The aim of this review was to summarize the scientific literature on non-face-to-face physical activity interventions targeting healthy, community dwelling older adults (? 50 years). A systematic search in six databases was conducted by combining multiple key words of the three main search categories “physical activity”, “media” and “older adults”. The search was restricted to English language articles published between 1st January 2000 and 31st May 2013. Reference lists of relevant articles were screened for additional publications. Seventeen articles describing sixteen non-face-to-face physical activity interventions were included in the review. All studies were conducted in developed countries, and eleven were randomized controlled trials. Sample size ranged from 31 to 2503 participants, and 13 studies included 60% or more women. Interventions were most frequently delivered via print materials and phone (n?=?11), compared to internet (n?=?3) and other media (n?=?2). Every intervention was theoretically framed with the Social Cognitive Theory (n?=?10) and the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (n?=?6) applied mostly. Individual tailoring was reported in 15 studies. Physical activity levels were self-assessed in all studies. Fourteen studies reported significant increase in physical activity. Eight out of nine studies conducted post-intervention follow-up analysis found that physical activity was maintained over a longer time. In the six studies where intervention dose was assessed the results varied considerably. One study reported that 98% of the sample read the respective intervention newsletters, whereas another study found that only 4% of its participants visited the intervention website more than once. From this review, non-face-to-face physical activity interventions effectively promote physical activity in older adults. Future research should target diverse older adult populations in multiple regions while also exploring the potential of emerging technologies

Soverign risk and the effects of fiscal retrenchment in deep recessions

The authors analyze the effects of government spending cuts on economic activity in an environment of severe fiscal strain, as reflected by a sizeable risk premium on government debt. Specifically, they consider a "sovereign risk channel," through which sovereign default risk spills over to the rest of the economy, raising funding costs in the private sector. The authors' analysis is based on a variant of the model suggested by Cúrdia and Woodford (2009). It allows for costly financial intermediation and inter-household borrowing and lending in equilibrium, but maintains the tractability of the baseline New Keynesian model. They show that, if monetary policy is constrained in offsetting the effect of higher sovereign risk on private-sector borrowing conditions, the sovereign risk channel exacerbates indeterminacy problems: private-sector beliefs of a weakening economy can become self-fulfilling. Under these conditions, fiscal retrenchment can limit the risk of macroeconomic instability. In addition, if fiscal strain is very severe and monetary policy is constrained for an extended period, fiscal retrenchment may actually stimulate economic activity.Fiscal policy ; Monetary policy

Physical activity and aging research: a bibliometric analysis

Physical activity and aging research has burgeoned in the past few decades. Despite the increase in scholarly publications no attempts have been made to summarize the publication landscape and to identify works that had great impact to physical activity and aging research. We conducted a bibliometric analysis and collected publication data from 1980 to February 6, 2015 in the Web of Science Core Collection. Of the overall 9,935 publications most were published after 2007 and almost 60% were in the category of Geriatrics and Gerontology or Sport Sciences. Highly cited publications (n=45) were mostly authored by researchers from US institutions and were quantitative in nature. Publications that reported on the associations or effects of physical activity on health in older adults made up 60% of the highly cited publications. We expect more scholars from various backgrounds and geographical regions to join the conversation on physical activity and aging

Analysis of information on mitigating SUS’s judicialization in digital media

Purpose – This research aimed to analyze how information on public policies to mitigate the judicialization ofthe SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System) have been disseminated via digital media to citizens andstakeholders.Design/methodology/approach – Under a qualitative and inductive paradigm, the research was based onthe search for news on the Google pages. Data were grouped into higher categories to formalize theoreticalgeneralizations.Findings – Data analysis showed that there are news classified into 11 codes, forming three news groupsbroadcast as an effort by the programs to legitimize themselves with society: Perceived Quality, PublicityProduced and Results Achieved.Research limitations/implications –The relationship between the effectiveness of public policies and theirdissemination in digital media has implications for the result/legitimacy relationship, not excluding that publicmarketing can make a program legitimate without having results that confirm its effectiveness.Social implications – The work provides a means of understanding the dissemination of public policies, inparticular, verifying whether these are being provided in order to establish responsible and transparentcommunication with the citizen or to legitimize public policies without effective results.Originality/value – The proposed conceptual model is based on four quadrants and represents therelationship between the results achieved by public policies and legitimacy, considering a phenomenonresulting from public marketing. The association between the intensity of these constructs constitutes fourthemes: fake public marketing, inefficient public policy, deficient public marketing and full public policy

Possibilidade de arbitragem no mercado de câmbio brasileiro

The objective of this work is to determine the presence of volatility in the spot and futures exchange rates, detecting, thus, the presence of risk. Identified the volatility, it is looked for shaping it through the construction of models capable to forecast the behavior of the spot and futures exchange rates. The GARCH and TARCH models had been used to shape the volatility of the exchange rates. Gotten the estimates, it is verified existence of convergence of these rates in the date of the expirations of future contracts, identifying, thus, the chance to get profits with arbitrage. The results had shown more that the spot and futures exchange rates are very volatile and the spot exchange market presents asymmetry, being affected for negative impacts. The volatility analysis also indicates that the shocks in these rates last for a long period of time. Finally, it is detected possibility to get profits with arbitrage in the market of Brazilian exchange.Arbitrage, Spot exchange rate, Futures exchange rate, Volatility, International Relations/Trade,

DETERMINANTES DA ERRADICAÇÃO DA FEBRE AFTOSA NO BRASIL

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) has been a problem for the Brazilian livestock since the XIX century. Once it affects the livestock productivity and has always been a problem for the country exports due to the imposition of sanitary barriers. In 1992, when no state was free from FMD, the National Program for Eradication of FMD (PNEFA) was implemented. Since then good results has been obtained with control and eradication of the disease in some states. However, in other states the problem still persists. It is important to determine why some states have faced difficulties in reaching the status of free from FMD while others not. This work aimed to identify the factors which discriminate the populations of states free from FMD from those not free. The results showed that the private efforts in controlling the disease are the most important variables for differentiating the states free from the non-free ones, together with the lack of public investment. The bad climatic conditions of most of the non-free states seem to contribute to the lack of interest to eradicate the disease. It is suggested attention of the authorities in relation to the state of Alagoas which has presented sufficient scores to be considered free from FMD.foot and mouth disease, Brazil, discriminant analysis, livestock, PNEFA.,

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: ENSAIOS, EVOLUÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO PARA A PECUÁRIA LEITEIRA DE RONDÔNIA EM CONSONÂNCIA COM O SISTEMA CONTEMPORÂNEO CAPITALISTA

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um resgate teórico a partir de sua evolução, e esboçar caminhos para políticas públicas rurais. Realizou-se paralelo entre a evolução e a questão da pecuária leiteira familiar de Rondônia, ressaltando sua importância socioeconômica, ambiental e institucional para o desenvolvimento regional do Estado. Observando a literatura, acredita-se que os novos olhares para o meio rural seja capaz de criar uma produção familiar organizada, utilizando-se da mão-de-obra familiar, pelo incremento científico e técnico organizacional, através de políticas que levem em consideração questões locais. Assim, será possível promover o desenvolvimento local e regional com base em conhecimentos culturais, políticos, econômicos e ecológico da comunidade.----------------------------This study aimed to achieve a theoretical ransom from their development, and outline ways for rural public policies. There are parallels between this evolution and the family livestock dairy of Rondônia, with emphasis in its socioeconomic, environmental and institutional importance for the regional development of the state. Noting the literature, it is believed that the new rural visions will be able to create a family production organized, using the labour-family, the increased scientific and technical organizational through policies that take into account locations issues. Thus, it will be possible to promote local and regional development based on knowledge cultural, political, economic and ecological community.política pública, Rondônia, pecuária leiteira, public policy, Rondônia, dairy livestock, Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,