Representasi Peran dan Relasi Gender dalam Kumpulan Bahan Bacaan Literasi Jenjang SMP

In recent years, the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture has provided a series of reading materials for young readers with segmentation ranging from PAUD to SMA. This procurement is special because this reading material is disseminated on a national scale to improve the literacy skills of the younger generation within the framework of the National Literacy Movement (GLN). This research aims to describe gender roles and relations in this collection of reading materials. This research data is a collection of junior high school level literacy reading materials published in 2016. The data was analyzed using content analysis methods through the stages of categorization, tabulation, interpretation and inference using a feminist literary criticism approach. The results of this research show that the collection of literacy reading materials at junior high school level shows alignment with patriarchal ideology. There is a reproduction of traditional gender roles, which presents a framework of women's domestication, and a depiction of men's roles attached to the public sector. Apart from that, it seems that the depiction of agency polarization is dominant in male characters compared to female characters. The depiction of gender relations in this collection of reading materials generally shows a hierarchical form of relationship, which emphasizes the superiority of male characters. Thus, this collection of reading materials shows that there is no balance that leads to gender equality. This is important to do because this reading material becomes intake for teenagers in forming teenagers' attitudes and perceptions about gender behavior.Keywords - Feminist Literary Criticism, Gender role, Gender Relation,  Literac

Analisis Keterampilan Guru Dalam Penggunaan Media Powerpoint Pada Pembelajaran Tematik di SD

Pembelajaran di sekolah dasar dasar dasar akan berjalan menyenangkan jika menggunakan media sebagai alat bantu pembelajaran agar proses penyampaian materi lebih mudah dan tepat sasaran. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat dimanfaatkan guru adalah powerpoint. Kemampuan guru dalam memaksimalkan powerpoint juga menjadi faktor utama agar menghasilkan tampilan yang menarik bagi peserta didik. Tampilan yang menarik pada powerpoint juga bisa menunjang pembelajaran tematik yang menjadi model pembelajaran terpadu yang menggabungkan satu konsep dalam beberapa materi atau pelajaran menjadi satu tema atau topik pembahasan tertentu sehingga terjadi integrasi antara pengetahuan, keterampilan dan nilai yang memungkinkan peserta didik aktif menemukan konsep serta prinsip keilmuan secara holistik, bermakna dan otentik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kemampuan dan pengetahuan guru dalam menerapkan media powerpoint. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di beberapa Sekolah Dasar yang ada di Medan. Kemudian teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran powerpoint efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran tematik di sekolah dasar dasar dasar

Community acceptance and implementation of HIV prevention interventions for injection drug users

In 1997, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs for injection drug users (IDUs) and recommended that three types ofinterventions be implemented to prevent transmission of HIV among IDUs: 1) community-based outreach, 2) expanded syringe access (including needle exchange programs [NEP] and pharmacy sales), and 3) drug treatment. Progress on increasing the acceptance and feasibility of implementing these programs has been made at the national level, but their implementation has been varied at the local level.Understanding the conditions under which communities accept and implement interventions can help guide effective strategies to foster the implementation of these interventions in areas where programs do not currently exist

Unequal treatment: racial and ethnic disparities in alcoholism treatment services.

Racial and ethnic disparities in alcoholism treatment may exist with respect to treatment need as well as access to, appropriateness, and quality of care. For any given level of alcohol consumption, ethnic minority populations experience more negative consequences of drinking than Whites and therefore have greater treatment needs. Whether access to treatment is more compromised for minority clients than for Whites is a matter of debate. It is clear, however, that ethnic disparities in the quality and appropriateness of alcohol services are ubiquitous. Despite these disparities, treatment often appears to be as successful for minority patients as for Whites. More in-depth investigations are needed to understand why outcomes often are similar despite disparities in treatment

Applicability of Type A/B alcohol dependence in the general population.

BackgroundThis study examined the concurrent and predictive validity of Type A/B alcohol dependence in the general population-a typology developed in clinical populations to gauge severity of dependence.MethodsData were drawn from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). The sample included 1,172 alcohol-dependent drinkers at baseline who were reinterviewed three years later. Latent class analysis was used to derive Type A/B classification using variables replicating the original Type A/B typology. Predictive validity of the Type A/B classification was assessed by multivariable linear and logistic regressions.ResultsA two-class solution consistent with Babor's original Type A/B typology adequately fit the data. Type B alcoholics in the general population, compared to Type As, had higher alcohol severity and more co-occurring drug, mental, and physical health problems. In the absence of treatment services utilization, Type B drinkers had two times the odds of being alcohol dependent three years later. Among those who utilized alcohol treatment services, Type B membership was predictive of heavy drinking and drug dependence, but not alcohol dependence, three years later.ConclusionsFindings suggest that Type A/B classification is both generalizable to, and valid within, the US general population of alcohol dependent drinkers. Results highlight the value of treatment for mitigating the persistence of dependence among Type B alcoholics in the general population. Screening for markers of vulnerability to Type B dependence could be of clinical value for health care providers to determine appropriate intervention

Disparities in the use and quality of alcohol treatment services and some proposed solutions to narrow the gap.

ObjectivesThis study assessed racial-ethnic disparities in access to high-quality treatment for at-risk drinking and alcohol abuse in the United States and simulated strategies to narrow the gap.MethodsLongitudinal data collected in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005 from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were analyzed to examine racial-ethnic disparities in receipt of alcohol interventions that were provided in primary care and specialty treatment settings and that met published clinical guidelines. The sample consisted of 9,116 respondents who met criteria for at-risk drinking or alcohol abuse in 2001-2002. Simulation analyses projected how disparities in treatment services utilization might change if clinical guidelines promoted access to care in more varied health and human service settings.ResultsCompared with whites, members of racial-ethnic minority groups had less than two-thirds the odds of receiving an alcohol intervention over the roughly four-year study period (odds ratio [OR]=.62, p<.05). This disparity increased after adjustment for socioeconomic confounders and frequency of heavy drinking (adjusted OR=.47, p=.003). The most pronounced disparities were between whites and U.S.-born and foreign-born Hispanics. Simulation analyses suggested that these disparities could be partially mitigated by extending care into nonmedical service venues.ConclusionsCurrent efforts to extend evidence-based alcohol interventions into medical settings address an important need but are likely to increase racial-ethnic disparities in access to high-quality treatment. Partial solutions may be found in expanding the range and quality of alcohol-related services provided in alternative delivery sites, including faith-based and social service institutions