How Smart is your Android Smartphone?

Smart phones are ubiquitous today. These phones generally have access to sensitive personal information and, consequently, they are a prime target for attackers. A virus or worm that spreads over the network to cell phone users could be particularly damaging. Due to a rising demand for secure mobile phones, manufacturers have increased their emphasis on mobile security. In this project, we address some security issues relevant to the current Android smartphone framework. Specifically, we demonstrate an exploit that targets the Android telephony service. In addition, as a defense against the loss of personal information, we provide a means to encrypt data stored on the external media card. While smartphones remain vulnerable to a variety of security threats, this encryption provides an additional level of security

A Theory of Growth and Volatility at the Aggregate and Firm Level

This paper presents an endogenous growth model that explains the evolution of the first and second moments of productivity growth at the aggregate and firm level during the post-war period. Growth is driven by the development of both (i) idiosyncratic R&D innovations and (ii) general innovations that can be freely adopted by many firms. Firm-level volatility is affected primarily by the Schumpeterian dynamics associated with the development of R&D innovations. On the other hand, the variance of aggregate productivity growth is determined mainly by the arrival rate of general innovations. Ceteris paribus, the share of resources spent on development of general innovations increases with the stability of the market share of the industry leader. As market shares become less persistent, the model predicts an endogenous shift in the allocation of resources from the development of general innovations to the development of R&D innovations. This results in an increase in R&D, an increase in firm-level volatility, and a decline in aggregate volatility. The effect on productivity growth is ambiguous. On the empirical side, this paper documents an upward trend in the instability of market shares. It shows that firm volatility is positively associated with R&D spending, and that R&D is negatively associated with the correlation of growth between sectors which leads to a decline in aggregate volatility.

Diverging Trends in Macro and Micro Volatility: Facts

This paper documents the diverging trends in volatility of the growth rate of sales at the aggregate and firm level. We establish that the upward trend in micro volatility is not simply driven by a compositional bias in the sample studied. We argue that this new fact sheds some shadows on the proposed explanations for the decline in aggregate volatility and that, given the symmetry of the diverging trends at the micro and macro level, a common explanation is likely. We conclude by describing one such theory.

Diverging Trends in Macro and Micro Volatility: Facts

In this paper we document the diverging trends in volatility of the growth rate of sales at the aggregate and firm level. The upward trend in micro volatility is not driven by a compositional bias in the sample studied. We also show that many other firm level variables display a similar upward trend in volatility. Finally, we argue that this new fact renders obsolete the proposed explanations for the decline in aggregate volatility and that, given the symmetry of the patterns at the micro and macro level, a common explanation is highly likely.Macro Volatility and Micro Volatility

Perbandingan Proses Pengangkatan Anak Yang Tidak Diketahui Asal Usulnya (Nasabnya) Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Fiqih Islam Dan Hukum Positif Indonesia

Concept of adoption is of unknown origin according to the perspective of the Islamic Fiqh, basically there was never any concept of adoption as set out in the Child Protection Act and Government Regulation of Adoption, Islamic Fiqh justify Hadhanah (childcare) Istilhaq concept, while according to the perspective of the Child Protection Act and KHI and Government Regulation No. 54 of 2007 on the Implementation of Child Adoption, prospective adoptive parents apply for adoption who have met the requirements to court to obtain a court warrant. Adoption should be confirmed by a court decision. Equation concept of adoption according to Islamic jurisprudence is positive law requires the same religion for parents and adopted children, considers that the adoption can not decide on a blood relationship between the adopted child with his biological parents, and also require the adoptive parents not to hide the identity of biological parents of the child. While the difference lies in the position of adopted children, about the manner of adoption, and of inheritance, the adoption of Islamic law does not give rise to inherit inheritance relationship between them is in the positive law explained that the adopted child is entitled to inheritance

Superconductivity

Superconductors differ fundamentally in quantum physics behavior from conventional materials in the manner by which electrons, or electric currents, move through the material. It is these differences that give rise to the unique properties and performance benefits that differentiate superconductors from all other known conductors

Diverging Trends in Macro and Micro Volatility: Facts

In this paper, we document the diverging trends in volatility of the growth rate of sales at the aggregate and firm level. We establish that the upward trend in micro volatility is not simply driven by a compositional bias in the sample studied. We argue that this new fact renders obsolete the proposed explanations for the decline in aggregate volatility and that, given the symmetry of the diverging trends at the micro and macro level, a common explanation is highly likely. We conclude by describing one such theory driven by market integration