Proximate and Elemental Analysis of Cowpea, Kidney and Sweet Cowpea Beans Sold in Kawo Market, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Beans are one of the most popular and essential foods in Africa, especially in Nigeria they are highly recommended for its numerous health benefits and nutritional values. The objective of this paper is to assess the proximate and elemental compositions of three (3) varieties of beans (cowpea, kidney and sweet cowpea beans) marketed in Kawo, Kaduna State, Nigeria using standard procedures and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results from this study indicated that the highest results obtained for proximate and elemental analysis in the four (4) samples with the exception of fibre in sweet cowpea beans (2.082%), were found to be: moisture (13.250%), protein (21.420%), Lipids (1.025%), ash (4.814%) in kidney beans while in the case of elemental analysis, the highest concentrations (88.0mg/kg) of Zn was found in (Cowpea bean), (52.5mg/kg) of Mg in sweet cowpea, (75.0mg/kg) of Cu in cowpea beans while Fe (99.5mg/kg) and Ca (99.5mg/kg) were found in kidney beans. All the beans samples analyzed for proximate and elemental analysis from Kawo market are highly nutritious, hence good for human and livestock consumption

PMSS: Producer Mobility Support Scheme Optimization with RWP Mobility Model in Named Data Networking

Abstract: The movement pattern of mobile producer plays an important role in mobility performance analysis of the wireless and mobile network. However, the producer mobility behavior is directly affecting the handoff latency and signaling overhead cost. Many researchers provide analytical investigation to analyze and solve the handoff problems and compared with the simulation result. To justify between simulation and analytical investigation, movement behavior of mobile node needs to be included in the analytical investigation to make it possible to compare with the simulation-based result. This paper incorporated Random WayPoint Mobility (RWPM) model, to determine the behavior of mobile producer, for analytical solution of producer mobility support in NDN. In this paper, we introduce mobility Interest packets to conveyed new prefix or location of mobile producer, a broadcasting strategy to facilitate the handoff process and the immobile anchor router was modified to perform a dual function that is, tagging of anchors and broadcasting of tagged mobility Interest packets. The performance analysis for mobile producer behavior and handoff latency shows that our proposed Producer Mobility Support Scheme (PMSS) reduces handoff latency compared to DNS-like and Home Agent routing approach

COACHES’ REQUIRED LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ATHLETES’ MOTIVATION IN TEAM SPORTS, ADAMAWA STATE SPORTS COUNCIL, NIGERIA

The study was assessed relationship between coaches’ required leadership style and athletes’ motivation in selected team sports in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. Correlational design was used for the study. The population for the study comprised all the male and female programme athletes in team sports of basketball, football, handball and volleyball in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. One hundred and eight copies of questionnaires were administered but only one hundred and four copies of questionnaires were well completed making 96.3% return rate. Purposive sampling technique was used to select one hundred and eight athletes that make the first and second teams of each of the four sports of basketball, football, handball and volleyball in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. Two instruments were adopted, modified and used for the study. The first was the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) used to determine coaches’ leadership styles. The second was the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) utilized to measure athletes’ motivation in team sports. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage) was used to analyze the demographic information of the respondents and research questions while inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient) was utilized to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that coaches’ required leadership style is significant to athletes’ motivation in team sports of basketball, football, handball and volleyball in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. Therefore, the following recommended that coaches should be mindful of situational consideration and type of leadership style they employ or use to coach their teams.  Article visualizations

Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Analysis of Wastewater from Kakuri Drain in Makera/Kakuri Industrial Layout, Kaduna, Nigeria

The Kakuri drain carries wastewater from Kakuri/Makera industrial layout and environ into river Kaduna. Samples were collected from points/stations 200m apart and labeled as points C, D, E and F, for a period of six months. Physico-chemical studies shows level of determined parameters to be within safe limits as recommended by WHO. Temperature reading showed an average of +_25.50C in water as against 26.50C on surface water. The Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water was recorded as _+1.77mg/l, while the BOD had a mean of _+9.93mg/l .The level of heavy metals in the wastewater showed chromium with levels higher than the approved values recommended by WHO. Level of metals analyzed were as follows; chromium _+ 0.05853ppm. Lead _+0.03058ppm, copper _+1.08505ppm and _+0.45203ppm for zinc. Mean concentration of TDS for the various sampling points (C,ED,E and F) showed  significant difference ( at 5% significant level), with the highest value of _+488.83mg/l in September and the lowest value of _+415.33mg/l recorded in April. Values may appear low, but the effect of bioaccumulation in crops raised by using such water for irrigation and subsequently consumed by man cannot be underestimated

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies amongst blood donors in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Kaduna

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common transfusion transmissible infections hence the introduction of routine screening for its antibodies in blood donors in most blood banks. Methods: This was a retrospective study in which the blood donor screening register for all intending donors were reviewed and analyzed. Results: There were 4,731 potential donors with age range 20-41years. Eighty six (1.8%) were sero-positive to HCV antibodies with a decreasing incidence over the period under review. The highest incidence was recorded the age group 31-40 years. Aim: To determine the sero-prevalence of HCV among blood donors in ABUTH Kaduna. Conclusion: HCV infection is not uncommon in our environment hence the need to emphasize it’s routine screening among all potential donors.

Performance of Napier Grass (\u3ci\u3eCenchrus purpureus\u3c/i\u3e L.) Genotypes Grown under Limited Soil Moisture

Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus Schumach L.) is an important perennial forage native to Africa and grown in many tropical and subtropical countries. It is considered as a short-term drought tolerant forage which is a useful trait in areas that are characterized by low precipitation during the dry season. To exploit the potential of this grass and identify water use efficient (WUE) genotypes, a field drought stress trial was conducted at Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Eighty-four Napier grass genotypes were planted in a p-rep design in four replications. The genotypes were evaluated for forage performance during the dry season of 2019 and 2020 based on agro-morphological traits under two soil moisture regimes- moderate water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS). The results indicated the existence of significant diversity among the genotypes for agro-morphological traits and photosynthetic performance. Consistently high biomass producing genotypes with enhanced water use efficiency were observed across harvests in each soil moisture regime, which indicates the possibility of utilizing these genotypes for high biomass production under low soil moisture conditions after further validation in other environments

Genetic Diversity among and within Accessions of a Lablab (\u3ci\u3eLablab purpureus\u3c/i\u3e) Collection Maintained in the ILRI Forage Genebank

Lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) is an important annual multi-purpose legume used as a vegetable for human consumption, as forage for livestock, and as green manure and a cover crop to improve soil fertility. It has a high feed value with good digestibility and high crude protein content. The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) forage genebank holds a diverse set of 340 lablab accessions collected from different regions of the world. A total of 1,843 plants from 142 lablab accessions (1 to 29 plants per accession genotyped individually) were genotyped by the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method of the DArTseq platform. The genotyping produced a total of 38,824 and 64,793 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and SilicoDArT high-density markers, respectively. The short sequence reads corresponding to the markers were mapped on the mungbean (Vigna radiata) reference genome, with approximately 37% of the SNPs and 26 % of the SilicoDArTs able to be mapped. A subset of 1,000 robust markers was filtered by different criteria and used for the diversity analysis. Clustering analysis using the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) detected five major groups, each with further subgroups. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a highly significant (P \u3c 0.00001) variation, explaining more than 73 % of the variance among the accessions. A significant variation (P \u3c 0.005) was also observed among plants within accessions, which explained about 27 % of the variation. The results of this study provide a useful guide for the management and rationalization of activities of the lablab germplasm collection at the ILRI genebank. The substantial genetic diversity observed in the collection reveals the potential of the population for further genetic studies

Factors influencing the utilization of public primary health care facilities in Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria

This study is concerned with the examination of factors responsible for the utilization of public primary healthcare services in Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State. Primary health care (PHC) can be considered the first level of contact between the patient and the health care system. The Andersen Model of Healthcare Utilisation was used as theoretical guide and frame of analysis in the study. The model is a conceptual framework developed and used to understand health behaviour and possible reasons for utilization of available healthcare facilities and services. The study is a survey research design. A total of 295 respondents were sampled for the study. These include 285 members of the public who were sampled through a multi stage cluster sampling for questionnaire administration and 10 other respondents (Doctors, Nurses, and Community Health Extension Workers) who were purposively sampled for in-depth interview. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative instruments for data collection. The findings revealed that awareness has influence on the utilization of PHC services in the study area. It also revealed that even though there is high rate of patronage of PHC facilities in the area, respondents reported facing problems associated with availability of drugs, healthcare personnel for effective PHC delivery. It recommended that the government should ensure compliance with the WHO benchmark for PHC delivery.Keywords: Primary health care, Awareness, Availability, Access, Health workers behaviou