The Role of Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Kidney Nephrosclerosis in Chronic Pyelonephritis

In recent years, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of nephrosclerosis have been actively studied, since nephrosclerosis is formed in 30-60% of patients with impaired urodynamics. At the same time, the participation of many factors in the progression of kidney damage in nephrosclerosis has been proven

Obstacles to the Revival of Mobile Grazing Systems in Kazakhstan

Livestock mobility was an essential characteristic of Kazakh livestock production systems, allowing animals to take advantage of spatial and temporal variability in climate and vegetation, optimising forage intake over the year. These systems broke down following the end of the Soviet Union. In this paper we examine the extent and determinants of the recovery of mobile livestock husbandry in south-eastern Kazakhstan, using surveys and semi-structured interviews with livestock farmers and rural households (holding livestock but not registered as farms). We find positive relationships between livestock holding size and probability of mobility. Winter pastures are particularly important for large farms, with households and smaller farms more dependent on supplementary fodder. The major formal property right over pasture is the long-term leasehold, allocated by auction and associated with significant transaction costs. Leasehold markets function poorly, so farms use a combination of leasing, subleasing and short-term contracts with local authorities to assemble the pastoral resources they need. Few farmers conduct more than a simplified summer-winter migration, whilst around 30% of farms and 70% of households (which own the bulk of livestock) are entirely sedentary, staying on over-used village pastures all year round. Many of these producers express a desire for improved pasture access. The 2017 Law on Pastures introduced district-level pasture use planning, with promotion of mobility and allocation of remote pastures to those with poor access. But the Law does not include new land tenure mechanisms appropriate for small producers (owning few livestock and without leaseholds) which can be employed to realise this goal. Moreover, most pastures are already leased. We discuss options for grazing system management which may simultaneously increase the economic contribution of pastures, improve their condition and reduce rural inequalities created by disparities in access to resources

Research on the improvement of mixed titania and Co(Mn) oxide nano-composite coatings

The structure and the properties of the oxide films formed on titanium in the diphosphate based electrolytes by means of plasma electrolytic oxidizing at direct current density of 2-2.5 A·dm⁻² have been studied. Oxide layers of different composition and content of alloying elements were obtained by modification of electrolytes and variation in current density. The interelectrode voltage during PEO, chemical and phase composition, topography and microstructure of the formed layers depend on the electrolyte composition and applied current density. The spark-discharge regime was shown to be reached at inter-electrode voltage 100 to 130 V depending on the composition of electrolyte. The effect of chemical composition and surface morphology formed mixed oxide films on the corrosion resistance and catalytic activity has been discussed

Choice of garbage trucks with rational parameters according to criterion of minimum operating cycle time

In conditions of limited commercial information on costs and rational costs, machines' efficiency and rational parameters at the stage of their manufacturing can be established based on an analysis of technical and operational indices. On this basis, the technical efficiency of the machine can be established. The corresponding technical and operational indices are calculated based on known technical parameters and operating conditions of the machine. These are such indices as specific energy consumption (kVt∙h/m3), material consumption (t∙h/m3), productivity (m3/h), output per worker (m3/w∙h), and several generalized indices derived from the indicated ones. The choice of a rational solution is based on single-criteria optimization (on the one-criterion analysis)

Mixed alumina and cobalt containing plasma electrolytic oxide coatings

Principles of plasma electrolytic oxidation of the AL25 aluminum alloy in diphosphate alkali solutions containing cobalt(2+) cations are discussed. It has been established that a variation in the concentration of the electrolyte components provides the formation of mixed-oxide coatings consisting of the basic matrix materials and the cobalt oxides of different content. An increase in the cobalt oxide content in the coating is achieved by the variation in electrolysis current density as well as the treatment time due to both the electrochemical and thermo-chemical reactions at substrate surface and in spark region. Current density intervals that provide micro-globular surface formation and uniform cobalt distribution in the coating are determined. The composition and morphology of the surface causes high catalytic properties of synthesized materials, which confirmed the results of testing in model reaction CO and benzene oxidation as well as fuel combustion for various modes of engine operation

Surface analysis of Fe-Co-Mo electrolytic coatings

Coatings Fe-Co-Mo with a composition of 47 at.% iron, 28 at.% Cobalt and 25 at.% Molybdenum were deposited from citrate electrolyte using pulse electrolysis mode. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy have established the surface morphology and topography. It was identified the parts with a globular structure which have an average size of 0.2-0.5μm and singly located sharp grains. Within the same scan area sites with developed surface were detected the topography of which is identical to the crystal structure of cobalt with the crystallites size of 0.2–1.75μm. The parameters Ra and Rq for parts with different morphology as well as average characteristics of coatings demonstrated the low roughness of the surface. It is found that the coercive force of Fe-Co-Mo films is 7-10 Oe, which allow us to classify the Fe-Co-Mo coatings as soft magnetic materials

Composition and Corrosion Behavior of Iron-Cobalt-Tungsten

Principles of three component Iron-Cobalt-Tungsten alloys electrodeposition from complex Fe (III) based citrate electrolytes are discussed. It is shown, that deposition of ternary alloys proceeds through competitive reduction of cobalt and tungsten with iron. With increasing ligand concentration coatings are enriched with a refractory component; however, increasing current density favors a reverse trend. The effect of both current density and pulse on/off time on the quality, content of alloying metals and surface topography of electrolytic coatings were determined. The application of pulsed electrolysis provides increasing tungsten content up to 13 at.%, at current efficiency of 70–75%. Globular relief of Fe-Co-W coatings is caused by refractory metals incorporation, and crystalline and amorphous parts of structure are visualized by X-ray spectroscopy, including inter-metallic phases Co7W6, Fe7W6 along with α-Fe and Fe3C. The crystallite size of the amorphous part is near 7–8 nm. Corrosion resistance of the coatings is 1.3–2.0 orders of magnitude higher than the substrate parameters as follows from data of polarization resistance method and electrode impedance spectroscopy

Improvement of specialized medical care of patients with acute coronary syndrome in Tashkent city

The leading cause of death in the world and in the Republic of Uzbekistan is cardiovascular diseases, and their prevalence is increasing. To reduce morbidity and mortality from acute coronary syndrome, it is necessary to improve a high-tech specialized approac

Бинарные и тройные сплавы железа с молибденом и вольфрамом

Electrodeposition of Fe-Mo-W and Fe-Mo layers from a citrate solution containing iron(III) on steel and iron substrates is compared. The utilization of iron(III) compounds significantly improved the electrolyte stability eliminating side anodic redox reactions. The influence of concentration ratios and electrodeposition mode on quality, chemical composition, and functional properties of the alloys is determined. It has been found that alloys deposited in pulse mode have more uniform surface morphology and chemical composition and contain less impurities. Improvement in physical and mechanical properties as well as corrosion resistance of Fe-Mo and Fe-Mo-W deposits when compared with main alloy forming metals is driven by alloying components chemical passivity as well as by alloys amorphous structure. Indicated deposits can be considered promising materials in surface hardening technologies and repair of worn out items.Покрытия сплавами Fe-Mo-W и Fe-Mo получены из цитратных электролитов на основе железа (III) на подложках из стали и чугуна. Использование солей железа(III) существенно повышает стабильность электролита за счет элиминирования побочных анодных реакций. Установлено влияние соотношения концентраций и режимов электроосаждения на качество, химический состав и функциональные свойства сплавов. Показано, что полученные в импульсном режиме сплавы характеризуются более равномерной поверхностью, распределением компонентов и содержат меньше примесей. Повышение физико-механических свойств и коррозионной стойкости покрытий Fe-Mo и Fe-Mo-W по сравнению со сплавообразующими металлами и подложкой обусловлено химической инертностью компонентов и аморфной структурой сплава. Полученные покрытия можно рассматривать как перспективные материалы для упрочнения поверхности и восстановления деталей