Nutritional management of regurgitation in infants

Infantile regurgitation is a frequently occurring problem. Throughout the world, anxious parents are imploring physicians to eliminate their infant's regurgitation. General practitioners, pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists strive to alleviate infantile regurgitation and its related parental stress. In this paper we define the scope of the problem and analyze the optimal, cost-efficient management approach to simple regurgitation in infants. The intent of this paper is to disseminate this information to practicing physicians and other health care professionals in an attempt to minimize the impact of this annoying problem of infancy and to eliminate confusion and expensive diagnostic tests and use of sub-optimal treatment modalities. Parental reassurance and dietary management by feeding thickened formula are important components in managing regurgitation in infants while maintaining optimal nutritional intake for adequate growth and development.Free Univ Brussels, Acad Ziekenhuis Kinderen, Brussels, BelgiumPrime Hlth Consultants Inc, Miami, FL USAUniv Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USABaylor Univ, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniv Queensland, Royal Childrens Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaHosp ABC Mexico, Mexico City, DF, MexicoMiami Childrens Hosp, Miami, FL 33155 USAEscola Paulista Med, Dept Pediat, BR-04023 Sao Paulo, BrazilInst Nacl Salud, Hosp Infantil Mexico, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Seville, Hosp Virgen Macarena, Seville, SpainPonce Sch Med, Ponce, PR USAUniv Nebraska, Med Ctr, Ramon Emiterio Betances Hosp, Omaha, NE USAUniv Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaMead Johnson Res Ctr, Evansville, IN USAEscola Paulista Med, Dept Pediat, BR-04023 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Division I / Commission 8 / Working Group Densification of the Optical Reference Frame

A continuation of this WG was voted for at the IAU GA 2006 in Prague. The International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) is defined by the positions of 212 distant quasars at radio wavelengths. The primary, optical reference frame is the Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame (HCRF), which is the Hipparcos Catalog without astrometric ‘problem' stars (in: H. Rickman (ed.) 2001, Proceedings IAU XXIV General Assembly, Transactions IAU XXIVB (San Francisco: ASP), Resolution B1.2). The Tycho-2 catalog with its 2.5 million brightest stars forms the first step in the densification of the optical reference frame. However, the limiting magnitude of about V = 12 of the Tycho-2 catalog is not sufficient for most applications in astronomy and the goal of this IAU Working Group is to further extend the grid of highly accurate positions and motions toward more and fainter stars. The web site of this WG is at