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DYNAMIC CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY STENOSIS

In case it might be established no matter if cerebral blood flow might be preserved (auto managed) during transient falls in arterial blood pressure, we may manage to decide customers with carotid stenosis who happen to be in danger of stroke. But, main-stream types of identifying auto rules this kind of customers include intrusive and/or pricey. We utilized the latest noninvasive technique to estimate vibrant cerebral autoregulation in 27 patients along with carotid stenosis and 21 age-matched typical controls. After having a step by step fall in arterial blood pressure, we identified the interest rate of a surge of middle cerebral artery circulation of blood velocity reviewed with this of arterial blood pressure. We contrasted the strategy through a method that is conventional of cerebral hemodynamics, CO2 reactivity. Auto-regulatory index (ARI) was actually considerably lower in middle cerebral arteries ipsilateral to a stenosed/occluded carotid artery: mean±SD 3.3±2.2 compared to typical controls (6.3±1.1; P<.0001) and non-stenosed carotid arteries in patients (5.9±2.1; P<.002). Basically, patients' subgroup along with serious disability was determined. ARI came back in order to normal after carotid endarterectomy was done. As part of the number of instances, ARI had been diminished in the existence of CO2 responsiveness. This particular simplified method enables recognition of reduced autoregulation in people with carotid artery condition. It might enable recognition of sufferers at risk from transient drops of blood pressure because might happen at the beginning of antihypertensive treatment as well as throughout operation. It might let the subgroup of patients among asymptomatic carotid stenosis that tends to be on the danger of hemodynamic stroke to be recognized. Keywords: Dynamic Cerebral; Autoregulation; Cerebral Artery Stenosis

Comparison of GFRP and CFRP confinement of normal and high strength concrete

Provedeno je eksperimentalno i analitičko istraživanje kako bi se utvrdilo povećanje čvrstoće i duktilnosti betonskih uzoraka ovijenih GFRP-om i CFRP-om od betona normalne čvrstoće i betona visoke čvrstoće. Podaci ispitivanja uspoređeni su i s teorijskim predviđanjima iz triju sjevernoameričkih smjernica za izvedbu i europskih smjernica za FRP. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazuju kako je učinkovitost i GFRP-a i CFRP-a izraženija u betonu normalne čvrstoće u usporedbi s betonom visoke čvrstoće.An experimental and analytical study was conducted to quantify the increase in strength and ductility of GFRP and CFRP confined concrete cylinders made of normal strength concrete and high strength concrete. The test data are also compared with theoretical predictions from three North American and European FRP design guidelines. The test results show that the effectiveness of both GFRP and CFRP is more pronounced in normal strength concrete compared to high strength concrete

INHERITED GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BREAST CANCER IN PAKISTAN

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Several genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors are involved in the aetiology of this disease. Genetic risk factors include alterations (mutations) in genes conferring risks to develop breast cancer. Depending on the associated lifetime risks of this malignancy, these genes are categorised into high-, moderate- and low-risk genes. Women carrying mutations in these genes are at an increased risk to develop breast cancer, ovarian cancer and several other malignancies. Breast carcinoma is the most reported malignancy in Pakistani females. Pakistan is a developing country with most of its population living in rural areas; hence, optimal healthcare facilities are inadequate for the early diagnosis and prevention of this disease. Hence, identification of individuals carrying mutations is clinically relevant as different strategies are available for the early detection, risk reduction and better management of this malignancy. This review summarises the findings of the major studies conducted in Pakistan to investigate the contribution of breast cancer predisposing genes. Furthermore, implications of the current studies and future research potentials are discussed.Key words: Breast cancer gene 1/2, breast cancer, checkpoint kinase 2, genetic susceptibility, Pakistan, RAD51C, tumour Protein p53, Vitamin D recepto

Genetic transformation of sugarcane variety HSF-240 with marker gene GUS

In the current research an efficient transformation system for sugarcane was established. Shoot tip of variety HSF-240, excised from a six months old field grown plants were used as explant. For transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 with vector pIG121 Hm, harboring GUS, HPTII and NPTII genes were used. HPTII is a hygromycin resistant while NPTII is a kanamycin resistant gene. Effects of Acetosyringone, duration of co-cultivation and pre-selection, concentration of cefotaxime and hygromycin in medium on transformation efficiency were studied. High transformation efficiency and 60% GUS expression was observed when 50 μM acetosyringone was added in the co-cultivation medium. Among different durations of co-cultivation, 48 h produced high (40%) transient GUS positives with an absolute control of bacterial growth. For pre-selection, seven days gave a high transformation efficiency of 10%. Cefotaxime concentration of 1000 mg/L proved optimal for pre-selection of the explants with efficient control of bacterial growth. A high regeneration (31%; P < 0.01) of the transformants was observed at 50 mg/L hygromycin. Presence of GUS gene was confirmed by PCR analysis and only the transgenic plants contained the 430 bp fragment of GUS gene. The new protocol developed in this study could be used for the efficient transformation of sugarcane with desired gene to produce insect/pest resistant, drought tolerant and high yielding sugarcane varieties in future

Serological and molecular detection of bovine brucellosis at institutional livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan

Bovine brucellosis remains a persistent infection in ruminants in Pakistan. A total of 828 (409 buffaloes and 419 cattle) sera were collected from 11 institutional-owned livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were tested by rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The seroprevalence along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Univariable and multivariable analysis of the epidemiological background data was conducted and odds ratio (OR) was calculated to understand any association between the risk factors and the seroprevalence. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (Positive/Tested = 32/828) and 3.3% (27/828) was detected by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. The seroprevalence of 5.6% (CI 3.6–8.3) and 4.7%, (CI 2.8–7.2) and the odds ratio of 2.63 (CI 1.20–5.77) and 2.50 (CI 1.08–5.78) for testing positive by RBPT and iELISA, respectively were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in buffaloes than in cattle. Breed, sex, history of abortion and retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in the animals were not found statistically significantly associated with the infection. RBPT and iELISA based results agreed almost perfect (k = 0.877). In total, Brucella abortus-DNA (9/27) was amplified from seropositive samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study identified for the first time the etiological agents of brucellosis at a molecular level at institutional-owned livestock farms in Pakistan. View Full-Tex

Immature Platelet Fraction in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease, A Marker for Evaluating Cirrhotic Changes.

Objective: To evaluate the role of Immature platelet fraction in patients with chronic liver disease, a marker for evaluating cirrhotic changes. Methodology: This case control study was conducted at department of Pathology, Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, over a period of Seven months from June 2020 to January 2021. A total of 126 participants were included in the study consisting of 63 patients with chronic liver disease in group A and 63 participants without any known disease in group B as control. The IPF master program in combination with XE-2100 multiparameter automatic hematology analyzer was used to measure the immature platelet fraction. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid was used to collect the blood sample for IPF measurement and was maintained till analysis on room temperature. Ten repeated analyses, immediately and after 24 hours were done for reproducibility of IPF%. Results: The mean age of liver disease patients was 52.35 ± 13.64 years and in control group the mean age was 51.62 ± 11.27 years. There was no significant (p-value &gt; 0.05) difference between both groups based on age and gender. The hemoglobin level and red cell count was found to be significantly (p-value &lt; 0.05) reduced in cases group. While white blood cells count was comparable in both groups. The mean platelet count was significantly (p-value &lt; 0.05) less in cases group (163.5 ± 90.4 vs 233.4 ± 54.5 (x10*3/µl). The mean value of immature platelet fraction (IPF%) was significantly (p-value &lt; 0.05) raised in cases group (5.62 ± 2.92 vs 3.06 ± 1.87). The multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) score showed a significant (p-value &lt; 0.05) association with chronic hepatis as compared to other liver related diseases. Conclusions: In chronic liver disease patients, there is an inverse relationship between platelet count and IPF% with decreased platelet count and increased IPF%. The proposed MDA function can be used to identify the cirrhotic changes in liver disease patients