Cointegrated money in production function: evidence from a developing country

The notion that real money balances is a factor input has attracted considerable amount of attention from researchers and academicians. However, the debate is controversial and the consensus has yet to be developed. This issue becomes more important when a country follows contractionary monetary policy to curb inflation. The limited research for developing countries with sophisticated econometric techniques powered us to conduct this study. The underlying study employs cointegration approach to investigate the validity of money in production function of a developing country for the period 1964-2008. The cointegration results confirm money as an important factor input in the production function in the long run. The variance decomposition results surface money as greater contributor than labor and capital to output variability.Money, Production Function, Cointegration

Kepemimpinan diplomatik pemerintah kerajaan dalam al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah

Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah merupakan karya yang merakamkan sejarah pentadbiran kerajaan Kedah. Antara sejarah pentadbiran yang dinyatakan dalam naskhah ini adalah tentang pengurusan hubungan diplomatik kerajaan Kedah dengan beberapa kerajaan lain seperti Ligor dan Aceh. Pengurusan ini telah mengetengahkan kepemimpinan diplomatik pemerintah Kedah dalam mengurus tadbir hubungan diplomatiknya dengan kerajaan berkenaan. Hubungan diplomatik ialah sebuah hubungan antarabangsa atau hubungan lintas sempadan sebuah kerajaan untuk meluaskan pengaruh dan memenuhi keperluan masing-masing. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan membincangkan kepemimpinan diplomatik pemerintah kerajaan, terutamanya dari aspek pelaksanaan kaedah dan seterusnya menghuraikan keberkesanan kaedah tersebut terhadap hubungan diplomatik kerajaan Kedah. Bagi memperoleh data ini, suatu kajian kepustakaan telah dilakukan. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat tiga kaedah kepemimpinan diplomatik yang dominan dan diaplikasikan oleh pemerintah kerajaan Kedah dalam naskhah kajian ini, iaitu kaedah tiga dalam satu, transformasi hubungan permusuhan kepada pendamaian, dan pertautan semula ikatan diplomatik

Little-Parks oscillations with half-quantum fluxoid features in Sr2RuO4 micro rings

In a micro ring of a superconductor with a spin-triplet equal-spin pairing state, a fluxoid, a combined object of magnetic flux and circulating supercurrent, can penetrate as half-integer multiples of the flux quantum. A candidate material to investigate such half-quantum fluxoids is Sr$_\mathsf{2}$RuO$_\mathsf{4}$. We fabricated Sr$_\mathsf{2}$RuO$_\mathsf{4}$ micro rings using single crystals and measured their resistance behavior under magnetic fields controlled with a three-axes vector magnet. Proper Little-Parks oscillations in the magnetovoltage as a function of an axially applied field, associated with fluxoid quantization are clearly observed, for the first time using bulk single crystalline superconductors. We then performed magnetovoltage measurements with additional in-plane magnetic fields. By carefully analyzing both the voltages $V_+$ ($V_-$) measured at positive (negative) current, we find that, above an in-plane threshold field of about 10 mT, the magnetovoltage maxima convert to minima. We interpret this behavior as the peak splitting expected for the half-quantum fluxoid states.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figure

Poverty, inflation and economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan

This study aims to investigate the role of economic growth and inflation in explaining the prevalence of poverty in Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to co-integration confirms the existence of long run relationship among the variables of poverty, economic growth, inflation, investment and trade openness over the period of 1972-2008. Empirical results show that economic growth and investment have negative and inflation has positive impact on poverty. The effect of trade openness on poverty is insignificant in this study. The short run analysis reveals that economic growth has negative and inflation has positive impact on poverty whereas the role of investment and trade openness in poverty reduction in short run is not significant.Poverty, Inflation, Economic Grovvth, Pakistan, Macroeconomic Policy, Welfare, Trade Openness

Constructing the subject, deconstructing the text: the feminist other in Achebe's Anthills of the Savannah

The paper begins with a reminder of early criticism on traditional feminism and then traces the beginnings of occasional opposition leading to provocative positions through representative works and criticisms of some writers and critics. The paper, therefore, identifies a trilogy and moves to uphold the last of the trilogy which might startle the revolutionary feminist because it is more accommodating in its gender approach than the revolutionist would aspire to in dismantling the hegemonic phallus. It submits that there is certainly revelation in deconstructing, transforming, re-inscribing and negotiating "male patriarchy" as this leads to a conversation that empowers its readers to soft-pedal on both anti-masculinity and anti-femininity, an argument towards policy reform on gender. In doing this, it uses nego-feminist theory to locate and critique Chinua Achebe's sudden change from anti-thesis of feminism to gender justice through his last novel, Anthills of the Savannah. However, it hypothetically praises Achebe's stand for being feminist and then questions it for being improperly feminist

To analyse the suitability of a set of soical and economic indicators that assesses the impact on SI enhancing advanced technological inputs by farming households in Punjab Pakistan

Increase in agricultural production in industrialized and developing countries are based on the adoption of new and improved technologies. Farming household's social and economic conditions greatly determines the adoption of new technologies. Particularly in developing countries majority of farming community comprises by small farming households. Pakistan is very interesting case in developing countries as its economy is based on agriculture and smallholder's production system is the salient characteristics of its farming community. The study in hand is conducted to examine the role of social and economic indicators which assesses the adoption of sustainable intensification-enhancing advance technologies in Pakistan. The study was conducted in Punjab province because it is the major contributor in agricultural GDP. The logit model is employ for the empirical findings of initial survey. A logit estimate shows that both social and economic indicators have statistically significant association with the adoption decision

Perancangan Manajemen User Pada Hotspot Menggunakan Mikrotik

Perkembangan layanan akses internet dewasa ini sangat pesat salah satunya adalah pelayanan akses internet hotspot komersil di dcinnamons. Dengan adanya pelayanan akses internet di dcinnamons ada permasalahan yang terjadi di tengah perjalanan bisnisnya. Seperti keluhan pelanggan untuk menikmati akses internet yang nyaman, namun pada awal pelayanan saja telah ada permasalahan pendaftaran akses internet yang manual. Hal ini membuat pelanggan harus menunggu terlalu lama untuk menikmati akses internet. Selain itu administrator memerlukan pelayanan yang optimal seperti pendaftaran akses internet yang cepat, pembuatan laporan yang bisa digunakan sebagai bukti pemakaian akses internet pelanggan ketika habis masa berlakunya. Namun hal itu belum ada pada pelayanan di Dcinnamons sehingga akan merugikan kedua belah pihak. Sehingga untuk mengatasi permasalah tersebut adalah memanajemen user menggunakan user manager mikrotik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara, literatur, dan eksperimen. Dari beberapa metode tersebut dibuat perancangan manajemen user yang dibutuhkan oleh hotspot komersil. Peralatan yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian adalah mikrotik dan user manager. Perancangan menajemen user ini pelanggan pada hotspot Dcinnamons dapat menikmati akses internet langsung saat pendaftaran telah dilakukan sehingga pelanggan tidak menunggu terlalu lama. Sistem ini juga akan menonaktifkan pelanggan yang telah habis masa aktifnya secara otomatis dan dapat membuat laporan akses internet sesuai pemakaian pelanggan