A Mechanistic Model on Catalyst Deactivation by Coke Formation in a CSTR Reactor

A mechanistic model on catalyst deactivation by coke formation in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has been developed in the paper. Catalyst deactivation by coke formation was treated as a surface reaction. Four reaction mechanisms representing coke formation through different routes were proposed. The evolved system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was solved numerically using MATLAB. This approach was validated by applying it to the skeletal isomerization of 1-pentene over ferrierite. Simulation results were compared qualitatively to those obtained from the literature. Simulation results indicated that coke formation is an extremely rapid process with fast formation of coke components on the strongest acid sites leading to final coke. The coke deposition is slower at higher residence times resulting in more stable product formation and weaker deactivation. The results obtained from this work revealed that the developed model is indeed able to successfully demonstrate the most essential features of catalyst deactivation by coke formation and are in agreement with the findings in the literature. Future work is aimed to extend the study to different reactors such as a plug flow reactor, in addition to analysis of the reaction system’s sensitivity to variables such as temperature and pressure

A Versatile and Ubiquitous Secret Sharing: A cloud data repository secure access

NoThe Versatile and Ubiquitous Secret Sharing System, a cloud data repository secure access and a web based authentication scheme. It is designed to implement the sharing, distribution and reconstruction of sensitive secret data that could compromise the functioning of an organisation, if leaked to unauthorised persons. This is carried out in a secure web environment, globally. It is a threshold secret sharing scheme, designed to extend the human trust security perimeter. The system could be adapted to serve as a cloud data repository and secure data communication scheme. A secret sharing scheme is a method by which a dealer distributes shares of a secret data to trustees, such that only authorised subsets of the trustees can reconstruct the secret. This paper gives a brief summary of the layout and functions of a 15-page secure server-based website prototype; the main focus of a PhD research effort titled ‘Cryptography and Computer Communications Security: Extending the Human Security Perimeter through a Web of Trust’. The prototype, which has been successfully tested, has globalised the distribution and reconstruction processes.Petroleum Technology Development Fun

Characterization of Diesel-Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Blend

In the present work, the outcome of Hydrogen peroxide–diesel fuel blends on the physicochemical properties and kinetic study has been studied. A various blends of diesel-hydrogen peroxide ranging from 5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), up to 15% by volume in several fuel blends were experimentally investigated and compared with standard diesel fuel. A new emulsifier has been developed for obtaining better emulsion between diesel and hydrogen peroxide. According to ASTM Standard for fuel tests, the results showed that hydrogen peroxide is capable of enhancing the diesel fuel properties. This is due to the presence of additional oxygen atom within the H2O2 molecule which can enhance the combustion process and ultimately affecting the exhaust emission. Keywords:ASTM test, diesel, hydrogen peroxide, physicochemical properties

Wet environmental conditions affecting narrow band on-body communication channel for WBANs

© 2018 Old City Publishing, Inc. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are rising as the key building blocks of next generation networks in modern health care systems. Research in recent years has focused on channel modelling, energy conservation and design of efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) schemes for WBANs. However, less attention has been paid to the on-body channel propagation analysis. This paper presents the propagation effects of wet clothing on the on-body channel at 0.9GHz, 1.8GHz and 2.5GHz and is germane to signal budgets in body-centric and mobile communication systems. A number of transmission measurements between simple monopoles above a square ground plane, placed on the opposing shoulder and hip, wearing single and multi-layered “rainwater wet” and dry cotton T-Shirts for standing, bending, torso left and right are used to gain insight into general levels of the effect of rainwater on propagation. Measured results are statistically processed to extract the level of transmission enhancement due to a wet on-body channel. Results show that wet clothing is generally beneficial to the channel at popular mobile communications frequencies

Election Campaign Strategies of PML-N in 2013

This study brings to light the election campaign strategies of political parties in general election 2013 and unveil the response of the voters of Lahore. Through the study of PML-N it is observed that PML –N used candidate based strategy but 43.59% voters of PML-N of Lahore were not inspired by campaign strategies rather they cast their votes because of the party affiliation.71 % voters were inspired by Shahbaz Sharif’s performance in previous Punjab government (2008 to 2013). It is also observed that 60% voters of PML-N did not like the candidate and 65% votersdisliked the campaign tools and cast their vote because of party affiliation. Only 52% voters of PML-N focused on manifesto during the campaign

Molecular characterization of some local and exotic Brassica juncea germplasm

The production of Brassica germplasm with a wider genetic base is essential for using them properly in the genetic improvement of rapeseed/mustard. During the present study, different RAPD (RandomAmplified Polymorphic DNA) primers were used to estimate the genetic distances among thirty different genotypes in all possible combinations. Level of genetic polymorphism at DNA level observed duringpresent study varied, but in general it was in the range of 21.54 to 59.36%. The dissimilarity coefficient matrix of these lines based on the data of four RAPD markers using UPGMA method was also used toconstruct a dendrogram. The dendrogram analysis indicated that the lines UCD-319/2, UCD-310/2 and P34/R3 were genetically apart from other lines that can be exploited in a synergistic way to create widergenetic base in local Brassica germplasm thus augmenting the Brassica breeding program

Reactions of Rhenium and Manganese Carbonyl Complexes with 1,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene: Ligand Chelation, C–H and C–P bond-cleavage Reactions

Reaction of [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with 1,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene (dppn) afforded three mono-rhenium complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(κ1:η1-PPh2C10H6)(PPh2H)] (1), fac-[Re(CO)3{κ1:κ1:η1-(O)PPh2C10H6(O)PPh(C6H4)}] (2) and fac-[ReCl(CO)3(κ2-PPh2C10H6PPh2)] (3). Compounds 1–3 are formed by Re–Re bond cleavage and P–C and C–H bond activation of the dppn ligand. Each of these three complexes have three CO groups arranged in facial fashion. Compound 1 contains a chelating cyclometalated diphenylnaphthylphosphine ligand and a terminally coordinated PPh2H ligand. Compound 2 consists of an orthometalated dppn-dioxide ligand coordinated in a κ1:κ1:η1-fashion via both the oxygen atoms and ortho-carbon atom of one of the phenyl rings. Compound 3 consists of an unchanged chelating dppn ligand and a terminal Cl ligand. Treatment of [Mn2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with a slight excess of dppn in refluxing toluene at 72 °C, gave the previously reported [Mn2(CO)8(μ-PPh2)2] (4), formed by cleavage of C–P bonds, and the new compound fac-[MnCl(CO)3(κ2-PPh2C10H6PPh2)] (5), which has an unaltered chelating dppn and a terminal Cl ligand. In sharp contrast, reaction of [Mn2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with slight excess of dppn at room temperature yielded the dimanganese [Mn2(CO)9{κ1-PPh2(C10H7)}] (6) in which the diphenylnaphthylphosphine ligand, formed by facile cleavage of one of the P–C bonds, is axially coordinated to one Mn atom. Compound 6 was also obtained from the reaction of [Mn2(CO)9(MeCN)] with dppn at room temperature. The XRD structures of complexes 1–3, 5, 6 are reported

Role of Lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene polymorphisms in Pakistani patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma

Contains fulltext : 109429.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)PURPOSE: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1048661 (p.R141L) and rs3825942 (p.G153D) in the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene have been previously reported to be associated with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) in various Asian and European populations, but these SNPs have not yet been studied in the Pakistani population. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of these two coding LOXL1 SNPs in Pakistani PEXG patients. METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight Pakistani patients diagnosed with PEXG and 180 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Genomic DNA was extracted and both SNPs were genotyped by direct sequencing. Association of genotype and allele frequencies with PEXG were analyzed using the Chi-square (chi(2)) test. RESULTS: Genotype and allele frequencies of both rs1048661 and rs3825942 were found to be significantly associated with PEXG. The GG genotypes of both LOXL1 SNPs were associated with an increased risk of developing PEXG. In addition the G alleles of rs1048661 and rs3825942 confer an increased risk for PEXG with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.98 (95% CI 1.94-4.57) and OR 6.83 (95% CI 2.94-16.67), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association was found for the G allele of rs1048661 and rs3825942 in PEXG patients of Pakistani origin