福島県ヤマメにおける放射能汚染の遺伝的影響

Tohoku University中嶋正道課

Population structure of landlocked Masu salmon (Onchorhynchus masou) in Tohoku region after Fukushima nuclear power plant incident

Tohoku region has been impacted by heavy tsunami during 2011 which caused explosion of Nuclear Power Plant in Fukushima prefecture. Due to safety reason, evacuation has been enacted in several towns in. This study aim to understand the population structure of landlocked masu salmon (Onchorhynchus masou) in from four population of rivers (Hirose, Abukuma, Ukedo and Mano). Eleven microsatellite markers and two mitochondrial markers (D-loop and Cytb) were used to identify genetic variation of each population. Out of twenty eight (28) loci, eleven (11) showed consistent amplification and variation between population and used in analysis. Number of alleles ranged from 1 to 23 in each microsatellite locus whereas Hirose population showed highest number of alleles. Haplotype diversity also showed highest number of D-loop and CytB haplotype in Hirose population (6). Molecular variances largely found within individuals (66%) and only 5% molecular variation found among population. Population differentiation (Fst) showed little genetic differentiation between four rivers. STRUCTURE analysis showed admixture largely between three rivers (Mano, Ukedo, Abukuma). This result suggest reduction of genetic diversity of landlocked masu salmon in three rivers (Abukuma, Mano, Ukedo) in comparison to Hirose population

Effect of different salinity concentrations on hatching rate and larval development of Patin buah, Pangasius nasutus (Bleeker, 1863)

The effects of water salinity on hatching rate and larval performance of Patin Buah (Pangasius nasutus) were studied. The fertilized eggs were incubated at 27.5–28°C in different concentrations of salinity (0, 1, 2, and 3 ppt) until hatch. The hatching rate of 0 ppt (48.6 ± 3.7%), 1 ppt (52.5 ± 3.7%), and 2 ppt (39.7 ± 6.4%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in 3 ppt (14.8 ± 2.0%). The percentages of larval survival at day 30 were 65 ± 1.5%, 72 ± 5.0%, 57 ± 15.0%, and 32 ± 3.1% in 0 ppt, 1 ppt, 2 ppt, and 3 ppt respectively. Survival rates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 0 ppt and 1 ppt compared to 2 ppt and 3 ppt. This study reveals that salinity did not significantly improve hatching and the survival rate of P. nasutus, but 1 ppt could be used for the hatching process and larval nursing

High-throughput amplicon sequencing of gut microbiome sea cucumber in Pahang, Malaysia

Sea cucumbers are soft-bodied marine organisms found in the benthic environment which are known as trepang, gamat or timun laut by locals. Sea cucumbers are commercially exploited for their body extracts due to their therapeutic properties and as culinary demands. Moreover, sea cucumbers are host to complex community of microbes. However, less efforts were documented on the identification of these microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing approach. The purpose of this study is to identify the gut microbiome of the sea cucumber from Stichopus ocellatus species. For this study, the sea cucumbers were collected from a coastal area in Pahang, Malaysia. The gut contents were sampled and processed fresh upon collection and maintained on ice prior delivery to the storage facility. The DNA was extracted prior two steps Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplicon library preparation by targeting the V4 region of 16S rRNA. The prepared libraries were sequenced using the Illumina iSeq 100 system. The raw data were analysed using QIIME2 and other bioinformatics software. Here, we observed that the gut of Stichopus ocellatus is home for the genera of Vibrio, Tropicibacter, Desulfopila and Halioglobus. Remarkably, the bacteria from the genus Vibrio are the most abundant bacteria colonising the gut microenvironment. This study suggests baseline microbial community that inhibit the gut of sea cucumber that may confer biotechnological important bacteria for pharmaceutical applications and drug development

Human resource development for future basic occupational health services in Malaysia

A guideline on Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) has been established jointly by ILO/WHO/ICOH in response to poor achievements of the Occupational Health Services (OHS), especially among workers in small and medium enterprises at the global level. Malaysia. The international guideline describes competent and skilled human resources as an essential strategy for BOHS implementation. This commentary will discuss the challenges faced by current occupational health personnel providing OHS in Malaysia and proposes improvements of human resource development for future BOHS in Malaysia to ensure fair and better OHS coverage for Malaysian workers

Prevalence of Occupational Diseases among Small and Medium Industry Workers in Malaysia: A Systematic Review

Occupational diseases are one of the major health problems related to workplace hazards. However, the epidemiological data for this problem is scarce especially among Small and Medium Industry (SMI) workers. These workers are vulnerable to occupational health problem due to lack of knowledge and implementation of health and safety in the workplace. In Malaysia, most of the SMI workers have limited coverage for basic occupational health services which may worsen their health. Thus, this article aims to provide a review on the burden of occupational health problems among them. The electronic and library searches were used to extract the information from both published and unpublished articles that were not limited to any year of publication until 2017. One hundred and ninety-six published articles and 198 unpublished articles were retrieved from the database. Only 19 published articles and 25 unpublished articles met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence data of occupational diseases/poisoning, including overall and body specific (musculoskeletal disorders) was extracted in raw data from the eligible studies. Prevalent statistics on occupational musculoskeletal diseases (1.3% - 97.6%), noise-induced hearing loss (29.4% - 73.3%), occupational skin diseases (10.5% - 84.3%), respiratory (1.9% - 92.2%) and occupational poisoning (14.9% - 17.7%) among the working population is different within published papers compared to unpublished ones. In Malaysia, there are no specific statistic that give a true picture of the burden of occupational diseases in the SMI. However, this review concludes that musculoskeletal diseases are significant occupational problems among SMI workers

The proposed future infrastructure model for basic occupational health services in Malaysia

The objectives of occupational health services (OHS) are to create a healthy and safe working environment, prevent work-related diseases, optimise employees’ functional capacity and promote health. According to the literature, global accessibility to OHS has not shown much improvement and even worsened in certain countries. The main challenges come from the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To respond to these global challenges, the basic occupational health services (BOHS) guideline was published under the purview of the World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization. The guideline describes BOHS as part of the infrastructure called the occupational safety and health system, an essential element that ensures the high service coverage and sustainability of the programme. The BOHS guideline was introduced in Malaysia by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health with a focus on SMEs, but its accessibility is low. A gap analysis was conducted between the current BOHS in Malaysia and the published international guideline. The important challenges identified that contributes to the low BOHS accessibility in Malaysia is the weakness in the BOHS infrastructure and OHS system provision. The proposed BOHS infrastructure model is meant to increase accessibility and to provide fair and equitable health services for Malaysians

Characterization of bacterial communities in prebiotics and probiotics treated shrimp farms from Kuantan

Aims: Prebiotics and probiotics profoundly enhance water quality and shrimp development to tackle infectious disease in shrimp farming. This study evaluated the impact of prebiotics and probiotics treatments in water by assessing the physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in local shrimp ponds. Methodology and results: Water was collected from shrimp pond 1 (SP1), treated with prebiotics and probiotics, and shrimp pond 2 (SP2), treated with only prebiotics. The physicochemical parameters of water from two shrimp ponds were measured, including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia concentration and temperature. The total environmental DNA (eDNA) was extracted from the water samples and sequenced using amplicon sequencing targeting the full length of the 16S rRNA gene region via the Oxford Nanopore Technology Flongle. The water quality analysis indicated that SP1 had better water quality than SP2 for shrimp aquaculture. The dominant phyla in both shrimp ponds were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. SP1 samples had unique microbiota at the phylum level, including Bdellovibrionota, Firmicutes A, Patescibacteria and unclassified Rhizobiales, Saprospiraceae, Vulcanococcus and HIMB114 at the genus level. The alpha- and beta-diversity showed insignificant differences in microbiota composition between SP1 and SP2 (p-value>0.05). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Research findings demonstrated that the probiotic-treated shrimp pond (SP1) had better water quality and more diverse microbial communities than the shrimp pond that was not treated with probiotics (SP2)

Microplastics contamination in bivalves off the island in the strait of malacca and its potential health risks

The widespread presence of microplastics in the ocean is a significant threat to marine life and humans. A study was conducted to investigate the extent of microplastic contamination in the coastal waters of Langkawi and Penang, situated on the northern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Rock oysters (Saccostrea cucullata) were utilized as bioindicators due to its availability in all sampling sites to evaluate microplastics,by considering its abundance, types, polymer composition, and potential health risks related to consumption. Soft tissues were digested with 10% KOH, and the resulting microplastics were examined using a stereo microscope and microplastics polymer were identified through ATR-FTIR. Kok Beach and Penarak Beach exhibited notably higher microplastic abundance, mainly in the form of filaments with predominant black and red colours. The most common polymer types were cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polycyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate (PCT). Hazard Quotient values, indicating potential health risks from consuming S. cucullata, surpassed a critical threshold at all locations. The study's findings suggest that it serves as a fundamental reference for future research on microplastic contamination in the islands along the northern coast of Peninsular Malaysia