Pantheism in wordsworth: a study from the Islamic perspective

William Wordsworth, a literary icon in romantic poetry, has impressed us with his pantheism and therefore, encouraged us to think of doing research into the concept with some modifications from Islamic perspective. It is, indeed, difficult to analyse the idea from Islamic perspective, because holding multidimensional concepts of God, and contradictory theories and hypotheses by some Muslim pundits and Sufis basing the concepts of other religions and ideas of God instead of authentic sources from the Holy Quran and Hadith, have made the general Muslims confused. Moreover, ideas like these may lead the believers to the Shirk (partnership) with God. So we have attempted to analyse the concept of the romantic poet along with the related concepts of some Sufis in the light of Islam with the support of some Qur’anic verses

Problems of Pronunciation for the Chittagonian Learners of English: A Case Study

The study focuses on the scenario of English pronunciation of the speakers at the tertiary level at International Islamic University Chittagong in Bangladesh, dealing with existing pronunciation style of the students of Chittagong background and tries to identify the influence of the Chittagonian variety in this regard. The study is qualitative by nature and the methods of data collection consist of record keeping of words through direct interview, reading passages, presentation and dialogues with a view to avoiding confusion regarding pronunciation. The results of the study are the mispronunciation of some commonly used English words because of the influence of Chittagonian variety, ignorance and lack of knowledge of the Standard English pronunciation system, etc. On the basis of the findings, some recommendations have been suggested so that the students could create self-awareness about the standard pronunciation of English; also the teachers should be familiarized with the standard pronunciation of English, etc. Key words: Chittagonian English speaker, Chittagonian variety, Pronunciation problem, Tertiary level.

The Nature and Extent of English Lexical Borrowings into Bangla: An Investigation into selected Modern Bengali Novels and Short Stories

English lexical borrowings are a common manifestation in Bangla. Modern Bengali literary texts like novels and short stories, likewise, display a wide range of English lexis. The observation of the phenomenon has motivated the present researchers to move forward with the study of five modern Bengali novels and five short stories in order to explore the borrowings in a variety of natures and extents and their consequent impact on Bangla. After a careful collection of English borrowings from the texts, the borrowings have been categorized as with Bengali equivalents, without Bengali equivalents, with close Bengali equivalents and hybridized. The findings show the depth and breadth of English lexis with about 65% English lexis with Bengali equivalents, 19% without Bengali equivalents, 13% with close Bengali equivalents and 4% hybridized observed in several domains. The phenomena show their consequent impact on Bangla. As a result, it is believed that many English loans are gradually getting integrated into Bangla. In many cases, they are additions to Bengali lexical stock, but in many other cases they are replacing Bengali equivalents. It is feared that replacement of Bengali lexis by the English counterparts may contribute to shifting of them. Thereby, this phenomenon may produce mixed impacts-lexically both enriching and impoverishing Bangla. Methodologically, the present research is based on a qualitative content analysis under a descriptive framework. Finally, the study likes to recommend finding ways to guide English borrowings, specifically for enriching and safeguarding the rich heritage of Bangla, particularly in literary texts like novels and short stories in Bangladesh

Research prioritisation on prevention and management of preterm birth in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a special focus on Bangladesh using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method

Background Fifteen million babies are born preterm globally each year, with 81% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of newborn deaths and significantly impact health, quality of life, and costs of health services. Improving outcomes for newborns and their families requires prioritising research for developing practical, scalable solutions, especially in low-resource settings such as Bangladesh. We aimed to identify research priorities related to preventing and managing preterm birth in LMICs for 2021-2030, with a special focus on Bangladesh. Methods We adopted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to set research priorities for preventing and managing preterm birth. Seventy-six experts submitted 490 research questions online, which we collated into 95 unique questions and sent for scoring to all experts. A hundred and nine experts scored the questions using five pre-selected criteria: answerability, effectiveness, deliverability, maximum potential for burden reduction, and effect on equity. We calculated weighted and unweighted research priority scores and average expert agreement to generate a list of top-ranked research questions for LMICs and Bangladesh. Results Health systems and policy research dominated the top 20 identified priorities for LMICs, such as understanding and improving uptake of the facility and community-based Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), promoting breastfeeding, improving referral and transport networks, evaluating the impact of the use of skilled attendants, quality improvement activities, and exploring barriers to antenatal steroid use. Several of the top 20 questions also focused on screening high-risk women or the general population of women, understanding the causes of preterm birth, or managing preterm babies with illnesses (jaundice, sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity). There was a high overlap between research priorities in LMICs and Bangladesh. Conclusions This exercise, aimed at identifying priorities for preterm birth prevention and management research in LMICs, especially in Bangladesh, found research on improving the care of preterm babies to be more important in reducing the burden of preterm birth and accelerating the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 3 target of newborn deaths, by 2030

Modeling urea biodegradation in activated sludge using combined respirometric-titrimetric measurements

Urea biodegradation kinetics determination has been performed in the literature using a two-step nitrification model that was calibrated using on-line respirometric measurements. However, the model neglected the initial hydrolysis step that converts urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia nitrogen, and assumed constant carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR), though it is inherently a nonlinear process which has an impact on the titrimetric modeling. Hence, in this paper, it is aimed to propose a complete two-step nitrification model for urea biodegradation paying attention to urea degradation pathway along with due consideration given for non-linear CTR process occurring in activated sludge system. Experiments were performed in a simple batch reactor equipped with respirometric and titrimetric set-up. Three different initial urea concentrations were added to the reactor for investigating the process kinetics. Proposed model was successfully calibrated with respirometric, titrimetric and combined respirometric–titrimetric measurements; and the estimated parameters were compared for model evaluation. Furthermore, the proposed model was validated with off-line ammonium, nitrite and nitrate measurements. The study revealed that urea was hydrolyzed at a faster rate in liquid phase. The maximum growth rates of the Nitrosomonas species and the Nitrobacter species were found to be 0.065–0.1 d–1 and 0.006–0.008 d–1 respectively

Investigation of the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Al-substituted Li-Ni-Mn ferrites

The standard solid-state reaction method is used to synthesize Aluminium (Al) substituted lithium-nickel-manganese ferrites. The synthesized samples were sintered at a temperature of 1200⁰C for 5h. The confirmation of single-phase cubic spinel structure is revealed by Reitveld refinement analysis. The average grain size is determined to be within the range of 1.72 to 0.91 μm based on the analysis of surface morphology. The densities showed a slight declination with Al contents because the Al3+ ion has less molecular weight than the Fe3+ ion and porosity increased gradually. The real part of initial permeability (μiʹ) is gradually decreased with Al substitution. The lowest value of magnetic loss (tanδM) and the highest value of μiʹ is obtained for the mother material (μiʹ=68.5). The maximum value of relative quality factor (RQF) is found for x=0.20 sample and is approximately 1600. The sample of x=0.00 comprises the large value of saturation magnetization (=89.7 emu/g). Through the analysis of frequency-dependent dielectric constants and AC conductivity, it can be seen that the synthesized ferrites exhibit a high level of resistivity. The dielectric characteristics of the Al-substituted samples are improved, and the maximum dielectric constant (ɛ') of 3200 is observed for the x=0.40 sample at 102Hz. The Nyquist plot indicates that grain boundary contribution is significant to the conductivity mechanism of the compositions and that the materials exhibit non-Debye-type relaxation of conductivity. The studied samples showed ferroelectric properties with lossy behavior

Research prioritisation on prevention and management of preterm birth in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a special focus on Bangladesh using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method

BACKGROUND: Fifteen million babies are born preterm globally each year, with 81% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of newborn deaths and significantly impact health, quality of life, and costs of health services. Improving outcomes for newborns and their families requires prioritising research for developing practical, scalable solutions, especially in low-resource settings such as Bangladesh. We aimed to identify research priorities related to preventing and managing preterm birth in LMICs for 2021-2030, with a special focus on Bangladesh.METHODS: We adopted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to set research priorities for preventing and managing preterm birth. Seventy-six experts submitted 490 research questions online, which we collated into 95 unique questions and sent for scoring to all experts. A hundred and nine experts scored the questions using five pre-selected criteria: answerability, effectiveness, deliverability, maximum potential for burden reduction, and effect on equity. We calculated weighted and unweighted research priority scores and average expert agreement to generate a list of top-ranked research questions for LMICs and Bangladesh.RESULTS: Health systems and policy research dominated the top 20 identified priorities for LMICs, such as understanding and improving uptake of the facility and community-based Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), promoting breastfeeding, improving referral and transport networks, evaluating the impact of the use of skilled attendants, quality improvement activities, and exploring barriers to antenatal steroid use. Several of the top 20 questions also focused on screening high-risk women or the general population of women, understanding the causes of preterm birth, or managing preterm babies with illnesses (jaundice, sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity). There was a high overlap between research priorities in LMICs and Bangladesh.CONCLUSIONS: This exercise, aimed at identifying priorities for preterm birth prevention and management research in LMICs, especially in Bangladesh, found research on improving the care of preterm babies to be more important in reducing the burden of preterm birth and accelerating the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 3 target of newborn deaths, by 2030.</p