Characterization and identification of plant growth promoting endophytic bacterial strain IU10

Growing evidence has suggested that plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria can regulate, which can be used as biofertilizers, bio-stimulants, and biocontrol agent. In the present study, Bacillus subtills IU10 was isolated from plants and was subjected to advanced chromatography and spectroscopic techniques for the extraction and isolation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Up to 10 µg/mL of IAA was quantified in the bacterial extract using the [2H2]-IAA internal standards in GC-MS analysis. PVK agar containing Ca3(PO4)2 was used to measure the ability of IU10 to solubilize phosphate. The clear zones formed by phosphate solubilization were measured to assess the phosphate solubilization potential. Azurol-S (CAS) medium was used for measuring siderophore production. The orange halo circles were measured to quantify the siderophore production. Endophytic IU10 inoculated plants showed significantly improvement root to shoot length, biomass and chlorophyll as compared to control. The data indicates that IU10 produce phytohormones, siderophore and immobilize nutrients could be used as biofertilizer.

A New Weighting Scheme in Weighted Markov Model for Predicting the Probability of Drought Episodes

Drought is a complex stochastic natural hazard caused by prolonged shortage of rainfall. Several environmental factors are involved in determining drought classes at the specific monitoring station. Therefore, efficient sequence processing techniques are required to explore and predict the periodic information about the various episodes of drought classes. In this study, we proposed a new weighting scheme to predict the probability of various drought classes under Weighted Markov Chain (WMC) model. We provide a standardized scheme of weights for ordinal sequences of drought classifications by normalizing squared weighted Cohen Kappa. Illustrations of the proposed scheme are given by including temporal ordinal data on drought classes determined by the standardized precipitation temperature index (SPTI). Experimental results show that the proposed weighting scheme for WMC model is sufficiently flexible to address actual changes in drought classifications by restructuring the transient behavior of a Markov chain. In summary, this paper proposes a new weighting scheme to improve the accuracy of the WMC, specifically in the field of hydrology

Effect of Processing on Amino Acid Profile of Balanites aegyptiaca Kernel

Balanites aegyptiaca kernel has been shown to have high nutritional quality as it is rich in both essential and non-essential amino acids. However, little is known on the effects of different processing methods on amino acid profile of the kernel. This research work therefore evaluates the effect of processing (boiling and soaking) on amino acid profile of the kernel using standard analytical methods. A significant (p<0.05) difference in amino acid contents between the raw and processed kernel was observed. Between the processed samples, boiled sample shows a higher amino acid contents than the soaked sample. Boiling retains the most nutritive value and therefore it should be encouraged as a means of processing for consumption. Keywords: Amino acid profile; Boiling; Soaking; Balanites aegyptiaca; and Kernel DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/11-22-04 Publication date: November 30th 2020

Role of Micro-Financing in Creation of Self-Employment in Pakistan: A Case Study of District Bahawalpur

Employment problem is one of the key issues in developing countries especially in Pakistan. Self-employment (own business) is integral part of the society, majority of the people of our country is belong to business sector. Micro finance plays role in improving self-employment through business or productive activities. In this study an attempt is made to explore the determinants of self-employment in which micro finance is key determinant. This study used bivariate regression analysis based on primary data of Bahawalpur City and to check the relationship of different socio economic determinants on self-employment. Self-employment is measured by binary number as 01 coding of dummy dependent. As taking loan or not taking loan. Similarly all explanatory variables measured by binary coding shape of 01.The results show that self-employment at remarkably influenced by age, education, sex, family wealth, marital status, technical skill, micro finance and loan purpose. More over at the end it is concluded that microfinance is major independent variable in this research and it has positively and highly significant impact on self-employment,i.e. 200% or 2 times may can increase self-employment if provides loan at easy grounds. Keywords: microfinance, self-employment, bivariate logistic regression

KAJIAN STATUS KETERSEDIAAN PANGAN DAN AIR WILAYAH PESISIR KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG KALIMANTAN BARAT

Abstrak: Sejak periode 2013-2015 produksi komoditas pertanian di pesisir Kalimantan Barat, khususnya Kabupaten Bengkayang mengalami penurunan akibat alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi perkebunan sawit dan permukiman. Terdapat dua kondisi alam yang membedakan wilayah Kabupaten Bengkayang, yaitu pesisir dan daratan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis status daya dukung pertanian dan air di pesisir Kabupaten Bengkayang dengan membandingkan ketersediaan dan permintan akan lahan pertanian juga air berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup (Permen LH) Nomor 17 Tahun 2009. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan ketersediaan lahan di Kecamatan Sungai Raya dan Sungai Raya Kepulauan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan lahan, berarti SL (ketersediaan lahan) DA (ketersediaan air). Dengan demikian status daya dukung air di kedua kecamatan ini mengalami surplus. Untuk mengatasi penurunan daya dukung pertanian dapat dilakukan dengan intensifikasi lahan dan konservasi lahan. Untuk menjaga ketersedian air tetap surplus maka fungsi tutupan lahan tetap harus terjaga. Upaya yang dapat dulakukan saat musim kemarau dengan menampung air pada musim hujan.Abstract: Since the 2013-2015 period, the production of agricultural commodities on the coast of West Kalimantan, especially in Bengkayang Regency, has decreased due to the conversion of agricultural land to oil palm plantations and settlements. Two natural conditions distinguish the area of Bengkayang Regency, namely the coast and the mainland. The purpose of this study was to analyze the status of the carrying capacity of agriculture and water in the coastal area of Bengkayang Regency by comparing the availability and demand for agricultural land and water based on the Regulation of the State Minister for Environment Number 17 of 2009. The results showed that the availability of land in Sungai District Raya and Sungai Raya Islands is smaller than the need for land, meaning that SL (availability of land) DA (water availability). Thus the status of water carrying capacity in these two sub-districts is in surplus. Land intensification and land conservation can be done to overcome the decrease in agricultural carrying capacity. To maintain the water supply remains a surplus, the land cover function n still has to be awake. Efforts can be made during the dry season by storing water during the rainy season

Serum Glucose Level of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats Treated With Glutathione Complex

Antioxidant plays an important role in preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) complications. This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of glutathione complex in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty albino rats (weighing 120-130g) were divided into six groups of five rats each: Group one serves as normal control, group two served as diabetic control while Group three, four and five were diabetic and administered with 2.4mg/kg body weight, 3.6mg/kg body weight and 4.8mg/kg body weight respectively. All treatments were administered orally for 4 weeks on daily basis. Serum glucose level was measured at an interval of three days throughout the period of the experiment. Results obtained showed that administration of Glutathione Complex to diabetic rats caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum glucose level compared to diabetic control. These results suggest that administration of Glutathione Complex to diabetic rats may help reverse the complications of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Alloxan, Diabetes, Glucose and Glutathione Complex DOI: 10.7176/ALST/84-03 Publication date: December 31st 202

ANALISIS KONDISI KUALITAS AIR BERSIH DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Abstrak: Pontianak merupakan kawasan perkotaan yang dihadapkan pada isu kerawanan air. Tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk dan urbanisasi menuntut besarnya penyediaan air bersih. Penyediaan air yang besar tidak dapat terpenuhi mengingat cakupan pelayanan air perpipaan di Kota Pontianak masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air tanah dan air permukaan di Kota Pontianak secara spasial agar didapatkan data kualitas air guna membantu pemerintah dalam menentukan daerah yang memiliki kualitas air tanah dan air permukaan yang rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan suplai air bersih.  Dengan sampel air tanah dan air permukaan dengan parameter yang digunakan kekeruhan, warna, pH, Fe(besi), dan zat organik dan digambarkan secara spasial agar pemerintah dapat mengoptimalkan suplai air bersih ke daerah yang memiliki tingkat kualitas yang rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 36 sampel pada enam kecamatan di Kota Pontianak. Hasil penelitian kondisi kualitas air terdapat sampel yang bersumber dari air tanah dan air permukaan yang melebihi baku mutu yaitu 69,4% berada di atas baku mutu untuk parameter kekeruhan, 0% untuk warna, 25% untuk pH, 72,2% untuk Fe, dan sebesar 91,6% untuk Zat Organik. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini pemerintah dapat meningkatkan jangkauan pelayanan air bersih ke kawasan pemukiman yang jauh dari sumber air bersih.Abstract:  Pontianak is an urban area that is faced with the issue of water insecurity. The high population growth and urbanization demand a large supply of clean water. The large supply of water cannot be fulfilled considering that the coverage of piped water services in Pontianak City is still not optimal. This study aims to determine the quality of groundwater and surface water in Pontianak City spatially in order to obtain water quality data to assist the government in determining areas that have low groundwater and surface water quality, so it is necessary to supply clean water. With groundwater and surface water samples, the parameters used are turbidity, color, pH, Fe(iron), and organic matter and are described spatially so that the government can optimize the supply of clean water to areas with low-quality levels. This research was conducted by taking 36 samples in six sub-districts in Pontianak City. The results of the research on water quality conditions contained samples from groundwater and surface water that exceeded the quality standard, namely 69.4%, which was above the quality standard for the turbidity parameter, 0% for color, 25% for pH, 72.2% for Fe, and 91.6% for Organic Substances. It is hoped that from this research the government can increase the reach of clean water services to residential areas that are far from clean water sources

Women Pioneering of the Story and Novel in Iraq Safra Jamil Hafiz a Sample

تناول البحث مقدمة عن بداية القصة والرواية في العراق ومن هو رائدها. والمراحل التي  تطور فيها هذا الفن والصعوبات التي رافقت هذا البحث ودور المرأة القاصة والروائية التي تأخرت عن زميلها الرجل بسبب الأمية وخصوصا بصفوف النساء إلى جانب الوضع الاجتماعي وحسب المعلومات المتيسرة لم  يكن هناك مساواة  بين الجنسين في الحقوق والواجبات. وتطرقنا إلى عدد الذين كتبن فن السرد القصصي بين 1922- 1960 وأشرنا إلى كتبهن المنشورة وإلى عدد من القصص التي نشرتها  الصحافة العراقية في المدة المذكورة. وحللنا المجموعة للروائية والقاصة (سافرة جميل حافظ) (دمى وأطفال) الصادر عام 1956 وتوقفنا عند كل قصة من تلك قصص وجماليات سردها وموضوعاتها التي أكدت الواقع العراقي إبان الخمسينات  ومعانات سكان المناطق الشعبية في بغداد ارتباطا بالحرب العالمية  الثانية والاحتلال البريطاني للعراق.  وفي الخاتمة أشرنا إلى النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث وأهمها:اعتقاد الباحث بأن (سافرة جميل حافظ) هي الرائدة الأولى بناء على ما كتبته من قصص فنية وظفت فيها جمالية اللغة العربية والأساليب الحديثة مثل الحبكة والمعادل الموضوعي والحوار الداخلي والمشهد الحواري فضلا عن مواصلتها حضوراً وكتابة ونشرا... The research dealt with an introduction to the beginning of the story and the novel in Iraq and who is the pioneer. The stages in which this art developed, the difficulties that accompanied this research, and the role of the female storyteller and narrator who was late for her male colleague because of illiteracy, especially among women’s classes, in addition to the social status and according to available information, there was no gender equality in rights and duties. We touched on the number of those who wrote the narrative narrative art between 1922-1960 and referred to their published books and a number of stories published by the Iraqi press in the mentioned period. We analyzed the collection of novelist and novel (Safrah Jamil Hafez) (puppets and children) issued in 1956, and we stopped at each of these stories and aesthetics and narratives that narrated and topics that confirmed the Iraqi reality during the fifties and the suffering of the people of popular areas in Baghdad in connection with the Second World War and the British occupation of Iraq.      In the conclusion, we referred to the findings of the research, the most important of which are: The researcher's belief that (Safra Jamil Hafez) is the first pioneer based on what she wrote of artistic stories in which she employed the aesthetic of the Arabic language and modern methods such as plot, objective equivalency, internal dialogue and dialogue scene as well as its continuation in presence, writing and publishing ...&nbsp

The case of Sinaran Construction Bhd (SCB)

The case illustrates a scenario at Sinaran Construction Bhd (SCB) during the construction of Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre. It begins amidst a weekly progress meeting of all the project managers, about the project being three months behind schedule. The case then focuses on among others, the cause of the delay which was mainly human resource. The company reported an increase in employee turnover rate which rooted from poor working conditions, no job satisfaction, better offers elsewhere and no clear directions from superiors. Characters in the case were briefly described exposing more internal issues that needs to be resolved